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Perubahan perilaku: Aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17 atau yang lebih tinggi

Seperti rilis sebelumnya, Android 17 menyertakan perubahan perilaku yang mungkin memengaruhi aplikasi Anda. Perubahan perilaku berikut ini berlaku khusus bagi aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17 atau yang lebih tinggi. Jika aplikasi Anda menargetkan Android 17 atau yang lebih tinggi, Anda harus memodifikasi aplikasi untuk mendukung perilaku ini, jika berlaku.

Pastikan Anda juga meninjau daftar perubahan perilaku yang memengaruhi semua aplikasi yang berjalan di Android 17, terlepas dari targetSdkVersion aplikasi Anda.

Fungsi inti

Android 17 mencakup perubahan berikut yang mengubah atau memperluas berbagai kemampuan inti sistem Android.

Implementasi MessageQueue bebas kunci baru

Mulai Android 17, aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17 (level API 37) atau yang lebih tinggi menerima penerapan bebas kunci baru dari android.os.MessageQueue. Implementasi baru ini meningkatkan performa dan mengurangi frame yang terlewat, tetapi dapat merusak klien yang mencerminkan kolom dan metode pribadi MessageQueue.

Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, termasuk strategi mitigasi, lihat Panduan perubahan perilaku MessageQueue.

Kolom akhir statis kini tidak dapat diubah

Apps running on Android 17 or higher that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher cannot change static final fields. If an app attempts to change a static final field by using reflection, it will cause an IllegalAccessException. Attempting to modify one of these fields through JNI APIs (such as SetStaticLongField()) will cause the app to crash.

Aksesibilitas

Android 17 melakukan perubahan berikut untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas.

This feature introduces new AccessibilityEvent and TextAttribute APIs to enhance screen reader spoken feedback for CJKV language input. CJKV IME apps can now signal whether a text conversion candidate has been selected during text composition. Apps with edit fields can specify text change types when sending text changed accessibility events. For example, apps can specify that a text change occurred during text composition, or that a text change resulted from a commit. Doing this enables accessibility services such as screen readers to deliver more precise feedback based on the nature of the text modification.

App adoption

IME Apps: When setting composing text in edit fields, IMEs can use TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected() to indicate whether a specific conversion candidate was selected.
Apps with Edit Fields: Apps that maintain a custom InputConnection can retrieve candidate selection data by calling TextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected(). These apps should then call AccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes() when dispatching TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events. Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) that use the standard TextView will have this feature enabled by default. (That is, TextView will handle retrieving data from the IME and setting text change types when sending events to accessibility services).
Accessibility Services: Accessibility services that process TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events can call AccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes() to identify the nature of the modification and adjust their feedback strategies accordingly.

Privasi

Android 17 menyertakan perubahan berikut untuk meningkatkan privasi pengguna.

ECH (Encrypted Client Hello) diaktifkan

Android 17 memperkenalkan dukungan platform untuk Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), ekstensi TLS yang meningkatkan privasi pengguna dengan mengenkripsi Indikasi Nama Server (SNI) dalam handshake TLS. Enkripsi ini membantu mencegah pengamat jaringan mengidentifikasi domain tertentu yang terhubung dengan aplikasi Anda.

Untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17 (API level 37) atau yang lebih tinggi, ECH digunakan untuk koneksi TLS. ECH hanya aktif jika library jaringan yang digunakan oleh aplikasi (misalnya, HttpEngine, WebView, atau OkHttp) telah mengintegrasikan dukungan ECH dan server jarak jauh juga mendukung protokol ECH. Jika ECH tidak dapat dinegosiasikan, klien akan mengirim ekstensi ECH dengan konten acak (mekanisme yang disebut ECH GREASE). Lihat RFC 9849 untuk mengetahui detail selengkapnya tentang cara kerja ECH GREASE.

Untuk memungkinkan aplikasi menyesuaikan perilaku ini, Android 17 menambahkan elemen baru <domainEncryption> ke file Konfigurasi Keamanan Jaringan. Developer dapat menggunakan <domainEncryption> dalam <base-config> atau <domain-config> tag untuk memilih mode ECH (misalnya, "enabled" atau "disabled") secara global atau per domain.

Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat dokumentasi Encrypted Client Hello.

Izin jaringan lokal diperlukan untuk aplikasi yang menargetkan Android 17

Android 17 introduces the ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK runtime permission to protect users from unauthorized local network access. Because this falls under the existing NEARBY_DEVICES permission group, users who have already granted other NEARBY_DEVICES permissions aren't prompted again. This new requirement prevents malicious apps from exploiting unrestricted local network access for covert user tracking and fingerprinting. By declaring and requesting this permission, your app can discover and connect to devices on the local area network (LAN), such as smart home devices or casting receivers.

Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher now have two paths to maintain communication with LAN devices: Adopt system-mediated, privacy-preserving device pickers to skip the permission prompt, or explicitly request this new permission at runtime to maintain local network communication.

For more information, see the Local network permission documentation.

Menyembunyikan sandi dari perangkat fisik

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher and the user is using a physical input device (for example, an external keyboard), the Android operating system applies the new show_passwords_physical setting to all characters in the password field. By default, that setting hides all password characters.

The Android system shows the last-typed password character to help the user see if they mistyped the password. However, this is much less necessary with larger external keyboards. In addition, devices with external keyboards often have larger displays, which increases the danger of someone seeing the typed password.

If the user is using the device's touchscreen, the system applies the new show_passwords_touch setting.

Perlindungan OTP untuk pesan SMS standar

Beginning with Android 17, Android is extending its SMS OTP protection to apply to standard SMS messages (SMS messages containing an OTP that do not use the WebOTP or SMS Retriever formats). For most apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, these SMS messages do not become available until three hours after receipt. This delay is intended to help prevent OTP hijacking. During this three hour delay, the SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION broadcast is withheld and SMS provider database queries are filtered. The SMS message is available to these apps after the delay.

Certain apps such as the default SMS assistant app, connected device companion apps, etc., are exempted from this delay. All apps that rely on reading SMS messages for OTP extraction should transition to using SMS Retriever or SMS User Consent APIs to ensure continued functionality.

Keamanan

Android 17 melakukan peningkatan berikut pada keamanan perangkat dan aplikasi.

Keamanan Aktivitas

In Android 17, the platform continues its shift toward a "secure-by-default" architecture, introducing a suite of enhancements designed to mitigate high-severity exploits such as phishing, interaction hijacking, and confused deputy attacks. This update requires developers to explicitly opt in to new security standards to maintain app compatibility and user protection.

Key impacts for developers include:

BAL hardening & improved opt-in: We are refining Background Activity Launch (BAL) restrictions by extending protections to IntentSender. Developers must migrate away from the legacy MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED constant. Instead, you should adopt granular controls like MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE, which restricts activity starts to scenarios where the calling app is visible, significantly reducing the attack surface.
Adoption tools: Developers should utilize strict mode and updated lint checks to identify legacy patterns and ensure readiness for future target SDK requirements.

Mengaktifkan CT secara default

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, certificate transparency (CT) is enabled by default. (On Android 16, CT is available but apps had to opt in.)

DCL Native yang Lebih Aman—C

If your app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the Safer Dynamic Code Loading (DCL) protection introduced in Android 14 for DEX and JAR files now extends to native libraries.

All native files loaded using System.load() must be marked as read-only. Otherwise, the system throws UnsatisfiedLinkError.

We recommend that apps avoid dynamically loading code whenever possible, as doing so greatly increases the risk that an app can be compromised by code injection or code tampering.

Membatasi kolom PII dalam tampilan data CP2

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) restricts certain columns containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from the data view. When this change is enabled, these columns are removed from the data view to enhance user privacy. The restricted columns include:

Apps that are using these columns from ContactsContract.Data can extract them from ContactsContract.RawContacts instead, by joining with RAW_CONTACT_ID.

Menerapkan pemeriksaan SQL yang ketat di CP2

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) enforces strict SQL query validation when the ContactsContract.Data table is accessed without READ_CONTACTS permission.

With this change, if an app doesn't have READ_CONTACTS permission, StrictColumns and StrictGrammar options are set when querying the ContactsContract.Data table. If a query uses a pattern that isn't compatible with these, it will be rejected and cause an exception to be thrown.

Media

Android 17 menyertakan perubahan berikut pada perilaku media.

Penguatan audio latar belakang

Mulai Android 17, framework audio menerapkan batasan pada interaksi audio di latar belakang, termasuk pemutaran audio, permintaan fokus audio, dan API perubahan volume untuk memastikan bahwa perubahan ini dimulai secara sengaja oleh pengguna.

Beberapa batasan audio berlaku untuk semua aplikasi. Namun, pembatasan lebih ketat jika aplikasi menargetkan Android 17 (level API 37). Jika salah satu aplikasi ini berinteraksi dengan audio saat berada di latar belakang, aplikasi tersebut harus menjalankan layanan latar depan. Selain itu, aplikasi harus memenuhi satu atau kedua persyaratan berikut:

Layanan latar depan harus memiliki kemampuan saat-sedang-digunakan (WIU).
Aplikasi harus memiliki izin alarm tepat dan berinteraksi dengan aliran audio USAGE_ALARM.

Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, termasuk strategi mitigasi, lihat Penguatan audio latar belakang.

Faktor bentuk perangkat

Android 17 menyertakan perubahan berikut untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna di berbagai ukuran dan faktor bentuk perangkat.

Perubahan API platform untuk mengabaikan batasan orientasi, perubahan ukuran, dan rasio aspek di layar besar (sw>=600dp)

We introduced Platform API changes in Android 16 to ignore orientation, aspect ratio, and resizability restrictions on large screens (sw >= 600dp) for apps targeting API level 36 or higher. Developers have the option to opt out of these changes with SDK 36, but this opt-out will no longer be available for apps that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher.

For more information, see Restrictions on orientation and resizability are ignored.

Konektivitas

Android 17 memperkenalkan perubahan berikut untuk meningkatkan konsistensi dan menyelaraskan dengan perilaku InputStream Java standar untuk soket RFCOMM Bluetooth.

Perilaku read() BluetoothSocket yang konsisten untuk RFCOMM

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37), the read() method of the InputStream obtained from an RFCOMM-based BluetoothSocket now returns -1 when the socket is closed or the connection is dropped.

This change makes RFCOMM socket behavior consistent with LE CoC sockets and aligns with the standard InputStream.read() documentation, which states that -1 is returned when the end of the stream is reached.

Apps that rely solely on catching an IOException to break out of a read loop may be impacted by this change and should update the BluetoothSocket read loops to explicitly check for a return value of -1. This ensures the loop terminates correctly when the remote device disconnects or the socket is closed. For an example of the recommended implementation, see the code snippet in the Transfer Bluetooth data guide.