تغییرات رفتار: همه برنامه ها

با مجموعه‌ها، منظم بمانید ذخیره و طبقه‌بندی محتوا براساس اولویت‌های شما.

پلتفرم Android 15 شامل تغییرات رفتاری است که ممکن است بر برنامه شما تأثیر بگذارد. تغییرات رفتاری زیر برای همه برنامه‌ها ، بدون توجه به targetSdkVersion ، هنگام اجرا بر روی Android 15 اعمال می‌شود. شما باید برنامه خود را آزمایش کنید و سپس آن را در صورت لزوم تغییر دهید تا در صورت لزوم از این موارد به درستی پشتیبانی شود.

مطمئن شوید که فهرستی از تغییرات رفتاری که فقط بر برنامه‌هایی که اندروید 15 را هدف قرار می‌دهند را نیز بررسی کنید.

عملکرد اصلی

اندروید 15 قابلیت های اصلی مختلف سیستم اندروید را اصلاح یا گسترش می دهد.

تغییرات در وضعیت بسته

هدف از وضعیت بسته FLAG_STOPPED (که کاربران می توانند با فشار طولانی یک نماد برنامه و انتخاب "توقف اجباری" در ساخت های AOSP شرکت کنند) همیشه این بوده است که برنامه ها را در این حالت نگه دارد تا زمانی که کاربر به طور مستقیم برنامه را از این حالت خارج کند. راه‌اندازی برنامه یا تعامل غیرمستقیم با برنامه (از طریق اشتراک‌گذاری یا ویجت، انتخاب برنامه به عنوان تصویر زمینه زنده و غیره). در اندروید 15، رفتار سیستم را به‌روزرسانی کرده‌ایم تا با این رفتار مورد نظر هماهنگ شود. برنامه ها فقط باید از طریق اقدام مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم کاربر از حالت توقف حذف شوند.

برای پشتیبانی از رفتار در نظر گرفته شده، علاوه بر محدودیت‌های موجود، هنگامی که برنامه در دستگاه دارای Android 15 به حالت توقف وارد می‌شود، سیستم علاوه بر محدودیت‌های موجود، تمام اهداف معلق را نیز لغو می‌کند. هنگامی که اقدامات کاربر برنامه را از حالت توقف خارج می‌کند، پخش ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED انجام می‌شود. به برنامه تحویل داده می شود و فرصتی برای ثبت مجدد هرگونه نیات معلق فراهم می کند.

می‌توانید متد جدید ApplicationStartInfo.wasForceStopped() را فراخوانی کنید تا تأیید کنید که آیا برنامه در حالت توقف قرار گرفته است یا خیر.

پشتیبانی از اندازه صفحه 16 کیلوبایت

Historically, Android has only supported 4 KB memory page sizes, which has optimized system memory performance for the average amount of total memory that Android devices have typically had. Beginning with Android 15, AOSP supports devices that are configured to use a page size of 16 KB (16 KB devices). If your app uses any NDK libraries, either directly or indirectly through an SDK, then you will need to rebuild your app for it to work on these 16 KB devices.

As device manufacturers continue to build devices with larger amounts of physical memory (RAM), many of these devices will adopt 16 KB (and eventually greater) page sizes to optimize the device's performance. Adding support for 16 KB page size devices enables your app to run on these devices and helps your app benefit from the associated performance improvements. Without recompiling, apps might not work on 16 KB devices when they are productionized in future Android releases.

To help you add support for your app, we've provided guidance on how to check if your app is impacted, how to rebuild your app (if applicable), and how to test your app in a 16 KB environment using emulators (including Android 15 system images for the Android Emulator).

Benefits and performance gains

Devices configured with 16 KB page sizes use slightly more memory on average, but also gain various performance improvements for both the system and apps:

• Lower app launch times while the system is under memory pressure: 3.16% lower on average, with more significant improvements (up to 30%) for some apps that we tested
• Reduced power draw during app launch: 4.56% reduction on average
• Faster camera launch: 4.48% faster hot starts on average, and 6.60% faster cold starts on average
• Improved system boot time: improved by 8% (approximately 950 milliseconds) on average

These improvements are based on our initial testing, and results on actual devices will likely differ. We'll provide additional analysis of potential gains for apps as we continue our testing.

Check if your app is impacted

If your app uses any native code, then you should rebuild your app with support for 16 KB devices. If you are unsure if your app uses native code, you can use the APK Analyzer to identify whether any native code is present and then check the alignment of ELF segments for any shared libraries that you find.

If your app only uses code written in the Java programming language or in Kotlin, including all libraries or SDKs, then your app already supports 16 KB devices. Nevertheless, we recommend that you test your app in a 16 KB environment to verify that there are no unexpected regressions in app behavior.

تغییرات لازم برای برخی از برنامه ها برای پشتیبانی از فضای خصوصی

Private space is a new feature in Android 15 that lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. Because apps in the private space have restricted visibility, some types of apps need to take additional steps to be able to see and interact with apps in a user's private space.

All apps

Because apps in the private space are kept in a separate user profile, similar to work profiles, apps shouldn't assume that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile. If your app has logic related to work profile apps that make this assumption, you'll need to adjust this logic.

Medical apps

When a user locks the private space, all apps in the private space are stopped, and those apps can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications. This behavior might critically impact the use and function of medical apps installed in the private space.

The private space setup experience warns users that the private space is not suitable for apps that need to perform critical foreground or background activities, such as showing notifications from medical apps. However, apps can't determine whether or not they're being used in the private space, so they can't show a warning to the user for this case.

For these reasons, if you develop a medical app, review how this feature might impact your app and take appropriate actions—such as informing your users not to install your app in the private space—to avoid disrupting critical app capabilities.

Launcher apps

If you develop a launcher app, you must do the following before apps in the private space will be visible:

1. Your app must be assigned as the default launcher app for the device—that is, possessing the ROLE_HOME role.
2. Your app must declare the ACCESS_HIDDEN_PROFILES normal permission in your app's manifest file.

Launcher apps that declare the ACCESS_HIDDEN_PROFILES permission must handle the following private space use cases:

1. Your app must have a separate launcher container for apps installed in the private space. Use the getLauncherUserInfo() method to determine which type of user profile is being handled.
2. The user must be able to hide and show the private space container.
3. The user must be able to lock and unlock the private space container. Use the requestQuietModeEnabled() method to lock (by passing true) or unlock (by passing false) the private space.

4. While locked, no apps in the private space container should be visible or discoverable through mechanisms such as search. Your app should register a receiver for the ACTION_PROFILE_AVAILABLE and ACTION_PROFILE_UNAVAILABLE broadcasts and update the UI in your app when the locked or unlocked state of the private space container changes. Both of these broadcasts include EXTRA_USER, which your app can use to refer to the private profile user.

   You can also use the isQuietModeEnabled() method to check whether the private space profile is locked or not.

App store apps

The private space includes an "Install Apps" button that launches an implicit intent to install apps into the user's private space. In order for your app to receive this implicit intent, declare an <intent-filter> in your app's manifest file with a <category> of CATEGORY_APP_MARKET.

فونت ایموجی مبتنی بر PNG حذف شد

The legacy, PNG-based emoji font file (NotoColorEmojiLegacy.ttf) has been removed, leaving just the vector-based file. Beginning with Android 13 (API level 33), the emoji font file used by the system emoji renderer changed from a PNG-based file to a vector based file. The system retained the legacy font file in Android 13 and 14 for compatibility reasons, so that apps with their own font renderers could continue to use the legacy font file until they were able to upgrade.

To check if your app is affected, search your app's code for references to the NotoColorEmojiLegacy.ttf file.

You can choose to adapt your app in a number of ways:

• Use platform APIs for text rendering. You can render text to a bitmap-backed Canvas and use that to get a raw image if necessary.
• Add COLRv1 font support to your app. The FreeType open source library supports COLRv1 in version 2.13.0 and higher.
• As a last resort, you can bundle the legacy emoji font file (NotoColorEmoji.ttf) into your APK, although in that case your app will be missing the latest emoji updates. For more information, see the Noto Emoji GitHub project page.

حداقل نسخه SDK هدف از 23 به 24 افزایش یافت

Android 15 builds on the the changes that were made in Android 14 and extends this security further. In Android 15, apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 24 can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet modern API levels helps to ensure better security and privacy.

Malware often targets lower API levels in order to bypass security and privacy protections that have been introduced in higher Android versions. For example, some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API level 23). This Android 15 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security and privacy improvements. Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level results in an installation failure, with a message like the following one appearing in Logcat:

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 24, but found 7

On devices upgrading to Android 15, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 24 remain installed.

If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

امنیت و حریم خصوصی

Android 15 introduces robust measures to combat one-time passcode (OTP) fraud and to protect the user's sensitive content, focusing on hardening the Notification Listener Service and screenshare protections. Key enhancements include redacting OTPs from notifications accessible to untrusted apps, hiding notifications during screenshare, and securing app activities when OTPs are posted. These changes aim to keep the user's sensitive content safe from unauthorized actors.

Developers need to be aware of the following to ensure their apps are compatible with the changes in Android 15:

OTP Redaction

Android will stop untrusted apps that implement a NotificationListenerService from reading unredacted content from notifications where an OTP has been detected. Trusted apps such as companion device manager associations are exempt from these restrictions.

Screenshare Protection

• Notification content is hidden during screen sharing sessions to preserve the user's privacy. If the app implements setPublicVersion(), Android shows the public version of the notification which serves as a replacement notification in insecure contexts. Otherwise, the notification content is redacted without any further context.
• Sensitive content like password input is hidden from remote viewers to prevent revealing the user's sensitive information.
• Activities from apps that post notifications during screenshare where an OTP has been detected will be hidden. App content is hidden from the remote viewer when launched.
• Beyond Android's automatic identification of sensitive fields, developers can manually mark parts of their app as sensitive using setContentSensitivity, which is hidden from remote viewers during screenshare.
• Developers can choose to toggle the Disable screen share protections option under Developer Options to be exempted from the screenshare protections for demo or testing purposes. The default system screen recorder is exempted from these changes, since the recordings remain on-device.

دوربین و رسانه

اندروید 15 تغییرات زیر را در رفتار دوربین و رسانه برای همه برنامه ها ایجاد می کند.

پخش مستقیم و بدون بارگیری آهنگ های صوتی که قبلاً باز شده یا مستقیماً بارگیری شده اند با رسیدن به محدودیت های منابع، باطل می شوند.

Before Android 15, if an app requested direct or offload audio playback while another app was playing audio and the resource limits were reached, the app would fail to open a new AudioTrack.

Beginning with Android 15, when an app requests direct or offload playback and the resource limits are reached, the system invalidates any currently open AudioTrack objects which prevent fulfilling the new track request.

(Direct and offload audio tracks are typically opened for playback of compressed audio formats. Common use-cases for playing direct audio include streaming encoded audio over HDMI to a TV. Offload tracks are typically used to play compressed audio on a mobile device with hardware DSP acceleration.)

تجربه کاربری و رابط کاربری سیستم

اندروید 15 شامل تغییراتی است که برای ایجاد یک تجربه کاربری سازگارتر و بصری در نظر گرفته شده است.

انیمیشن‌های پیش‌بینی‌کننده پشتی برای برنامه‌هایی که شرکت کرده‌اند فعال شد

Beginning in Android 15, the developer option for predictive back animations has been removed. System animations such as back-to-home, cross-task, and cross-activity now appear for apps that have opted in to the predictive back gesture either entirely or at an activity level. If your app is affected, take the following actions:

• Ensure that your app has been properly migrated to use the predictive back gesture.
• Ensure that your fragment transitions work with predictive back navigation.
• Migrate away from animation and framework transitions and use animator and androidx transitions instead.
• Migrate away from back stacks that FragmentManager doesn't know about. Use back stacks managed by FragmentManager or by the Navigation component instead.

وقتی کاربر برنامه‌ای را به اجبار متوقف می‌کند، ابزارک‌ها غیرفعال می‌شوند

If a user force-stops an app on a device running Android 15, the system temporarily disables all the app's widgets. The widgets are grayed out, and the user cannot interact with them. This is because beginning with Android 15, the system cancels all an app's pending intents when the app is force-stopped.

The system re-enables those widgets the next time the user launches the app.

For more information, see Changes to package stopped state.

تراشه نوار وضعیت نمایش رسانه به کاربران از اشتراک‌گذاری صفحه نمایش، ارسال محتوا و ضبط هشدار می‌دهد

بهره‌برداری‌های پیش‌بینی صفحه، داده‌های خصوصی کاربر مانند اطلاعات مالی را در معرض دید کاربران قرار می‌دهند، زیرا کاربران متوجه نمی‌شوند که صفحه دستگاهشان به اشتراک گذاشته می‌شود.

برای برنامه‌هایی که روی دستگاه‌های دارای Android 15 QPR1 یا بالاتر اجرا می‌شوند، یک تراشه نوار وضعیت که بزرگ و برجسته است، به کاربران هشدار می‌دهد که هر گونه نمایش صفحه نمایش در حال پیشرفت را نشان دهند. کاربران می‌توانند روی تراشه ضربه بزنند تا از اشتراک‌گذاری، پخش یا ضبط صفحه نمایش خود جلوگیری کنند. همچنین، با قفل شدن صفحه نمایش دستگاه، نمایش صفحه به طور خودکار متوقف می شود.

Check if your app is impacted

By default, your app includes the status bar chip and automatically suspends screen projection when the lock screen activates.

To learn more about how to test your app for these use cases, see Status bar chip and auto stop.

محدودیت های دسترسی به شبکه پس زمینه

In Android 15, apps that start a network request outside of a valid process lifecycle receive an exception. Typically, an UnknownHostException or other socket-related IOException. Network requests that happen outside of a valid lifecycle are usually due to apps unknowingly continuing a network request even after the app is no longer active.

To mitigate this exception, ensure your network requests are lifecycle aware and cancelled upon leaving a valid process lifecycle by using lifecycle aware components. If it is important that the network request should happen even when the user leaves the application, consider scheduling the network request using WorkManager or continue a user visible task using Foreground Service.

تحقیرها

با هر انتشار، APIهای خاص Android ممکن است منسوخ شوند یا برای ارائه تجربه بهتر توسعه‌دهنده یا پشتیبانی از قابلیت‌های پلتفرم جدید نیاز به بازسازی داشته باشند. در این موارد، ما رسماً API های منسوخ شده را منسوخ می کنیم و توسعه دهندگان را به API های جایگزین هدایت می کنیم تا به جای آن از آنها استفاده کنند.

منسوخ شدن به این معنی است که ما به پشتیبانی رسمی از API ها پایان داده ایم، اما آنها همچنان در دسترس توسعه دهندگان خواهند بود. برای کسب اطلاعات بیشتر در مورد منسوخ شدن های قابل توجه در این نسخه از Android، به صفحه منسوخ شدن ها مراجعه کنید.