Android 14 introduce funzionalità e API eccezionali per gli sviluppatori. Di seguito puoi scoprire le funzionalità per le tue app e iniziare a utilizzare le API correlate.
Per un elenco dettagliato delle API aggiunte, modificate e rimosse, leggi il report sulle differenze delle API. Per maggiori dettagli sulle API aggiunte, visita il Riferimento API Android. Per Android 14, cerca le API che sono state aggiunte nel livello API 34. Per scoprire di più sulle aree in cui le modifiche alla piattaforma potrebbero interessare le tue app, assicurati di controllare i cambiamenti di comportamento di Android 14 per le app destinate ad Android 14 e per tutte le app.
Internazionalizzazione
Lingua preferita nelle app
Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:
Automatically generate an app's
localeConfig
: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates theLocaleConfig
file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in theres
folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in theLocaleConfig
file.Dynamic updates for an app's
localeConfig
: Use thesetOverrideLocaleConfig()
andgetOverrideLocaleConfig()
methods inLocaleManager
to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the
getApplicationLocales()
method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.
API Grammatical Inflection
3 billion people speak gendered languages: languages where grammatical categories—such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositions—inflect according to the gender of people and objects you talk to or about. Traditionally, many gendered languages use masculine grammatical gender as the default or generic gender.
Addressing users in the wrong grammatical gender, such as addressing women in masculine grammatical gender, can negatively impact their performance and attitude. In contrast, a UI with language that correctly reflects the user's grammatical gender can improve user engagement and provide a more personalized and natural-sounding user experience.
Per aiutarti a creare un'interfaccia utente incentrata sull'utente per le lingue di genere, Android 14 introduce l'API Grammatical Inflection, che consente di aggiungere supporto per il genere grammaticale senza dover ricorrere al refactoring dell'app.
Preferenze regionali
Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.
New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a
discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These
preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and
intents—such as
getTemperatureUnit
and
getFirstDayOfWeek
—
grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it
displays information. You can also register a
BroadcastReceiver
on
ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED
to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.
To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.
Accessibilità
Ridimensionamento dei caratteri non lineari al 200%
A partire da Android 14, il sistema supporta la scalabilità dei caratteri fino al 200%, offrendo agli utenti ipovedenti opzioni di accessibilità aggiuntive in linea con le linee guida per l'accessibilità dei contenuti web (WCAG).
Per evitare che gli elementi di testo di grandi dimensioni sullo schermo vengano ridimensionati in modo eccessivo, il sistema applica una curva di ridimensionamento non lineare. Questa strategia di ridimensionamento prevede che il testo di grandi dimensioni non venga ridimensionato alla stessa velocità del testo di dimensioni ridotte. Il ridimensionamento non lineare dei caratteri consente preservare la gerarchia proporzionale tra elementi di dimensioni diverse, mitigare i problemi legati alla scalabilità lineare del testo a gradi elevati (ad esempio, tagliato o testo che diventa più difficile da leggere a causa di un display molto grande dimensioni).
Testa l'app con il ridimensionamento non lineare dei caratteri
Se utilizzi già unità in pixel scalati (sp) per definire le dimensioni del testo, questi le ulteriori opzioni e i miglioramenti della scalabilità vengono applicati automaticamente testo nella tua app. Tuttavia, devi comunque eseguire il test dell'interfaccia utente con il numero massimo di delle dimensioni dei caratteri attivate (200%) per garantire che l'app applichi le dimensioni dei caratteri correttamente ed è in grado di supportare caratteri di dimensioni maggiori senza influire sull'usabilità.
Per attivare le dimensioni dei caratteri al 200%:
- Apri l'app Impostazioni e vai a Accessibilità > Dimensioni visualizzazione e testo.
- Per l'opzione Dimensione carattere, tocca l'icona più (+) fino a quando non viene raggiunto il limite massimo di caratteri. dell'impostazione delle dimensioni sia attivata, come mostrato nell'immagine associata .
Utilizza unità di pixel scalati (sp) per le dimensioni del testo
Ricorda sempre di specificare le dimensioni del testo in unità sp. Quando la tua app utilizza le unità sp, Android può applicare la dimensione del testo preferita dell'utente e ridimensionarlo in modo adeguato.
Non utilizzare unità sp per la spaziatura interna o definire le altezze delle visualizzazioni presupponendo una spaziatura interna implicita: con la scalabilità non lineare dei caratteri, le dimensioni in sp potrebbero non essere proporzionali, quindi 4sp + 20sp potrebbe non equivalere a 24sp.
Convertire le unità di pixel scalabili (sp)
Utilizzare TypedValue.applyDimension()
per convertire le unità sp
a pixel e utilizza TypedValue.deriveDimension()
per
convertire i pixel in sp. Questi metodi applicano la scalabilità non lineare appropriata
curva automaticamente.
Evita di codificare le equazioni utilizzando
Configuration.fontScale
o
DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity
. Poiché il ridimensionamento dei caratteri è
non lineare, il campo scaledDensity
non è più preciso. Il campo fontScale
deve essere utilizzato solo a scopo informativo, in quanto i caratteri non sono più scalati con un singolo valore scalare.
Utilizza unità sp per lineHeight
Definisci sempre android:lineHeight
utilizzando unità sp anziché dp, in modo che l'altezza della riga vari in base al testo. In caso contrario, se il testo è in sp, ma lineHeight
è in dp o px, non si adatta e sembra troppo stretto.
TextView corregge automaticamente lineHeight
in modo che le proporzioni previste vengano conservate, ma solo se sia textSize
sia lineHeight
sono definiti in unità sp.
Fotocamera e contenuti multimediali
Ultra HDR per le immagini
Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.
Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework
when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a
manifest entry or at runtime by calling
Window.setColorMode()
. You can also capture compressed Ultra
HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered
from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The
Gainmap
associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render
them using OpenGL or Vulkan.
Zoom, Messa a fuoco, Postview e altro nelle estensioni fotocamera
Android 14 esegue l'upgrade e migliora le estensioni della fotocamera, consentendo alle app di gestire tempi di elaborazione più lunghi. Ciò permette di migliorare le immagini grazie ad algoritmi ad alta intensità di calcolo come le fotografie in condizioni di scarsa illuminazione sui dispositivi supportati. Queste caratteristiche offrono agli utenti un'esperienza ancora più solida quando utilizzano le funzionalità delle estensioni della videocamera. Ecco alcuni esempi di questi miglioramenti:
- La stima della latenza dell'elaborazione di immagini dinamiche fornisce stime di latenza di acquisizione ancora più accurate in base alle condizioni della scena e dell'ambiente attuali. Chiama
CameraExtensionSession.getRealtimeStillCaptureLatency()
per ottenere un oggettoStillCaptureLatency
che ha due metodi di stima della latenza. Il metodogetCaptureLatency()
restituisce la latenza stimata traonCaptureStarted
eonCaptureProcessStarted()
, mentre il metodogetProcessingLatency()
restituisce la latenza stimata traonCaptureProcessStarted()
e il frame elaborato finale disponibile. - Supporto per i callback di avanzamento dell'acquisizione, in modo che le app possano visualizzare l'avanzamento
attuale di operazioni di elaborazione a lunga esecuzione ancora in fase di acquisizione. Puoi verificare se questa funzionalità è disponibile con
CameraExtensionCharacteristics.isCaptureProcessProgressAvailable
e, in caso affermativo, implementare il callbackonCaptureProcessProgressed()
, che ha l'avanzamento (da 0 a 100) trasmesso come parametro. Metadati specifici delle estensioni, ad esempio
CaptureRequest.EXTENSION_STRENGTH
per la composizione della quantità di un effetto estensione, ad esempio la quantità di sfocatura dello sfondo conEXTENSION_BOKEH
.Funzione Postview per Acquisizione continua nelle estensioni della fotocamera, che fornisce un'immagine meno elaborata più rapidamente dell'immagine finale. Se un'estensione ha aumentato la latenza di elaborazione, potrebbe essere fornita un'immagine post-visualizzazione come segnaposto per migliorare l'esperienza utente, che potrebbe essere disattivata in un secondo momento per l'immagine finale. Puoi controllare se questa funzionalità è disponibile con
CameraExtensionCharacteristics.isPostviewAvailable
. Quindi puoi passare unOutputConfiguration
aExtensionSessionConfiguration.setPostviewOutputConfiguration
.Il supporto di
SurfaceView
consente un percorso di rendering dell'anteprima più ottimizzato ed efficiente dal punto di vista energetico.Supporto per il tocco per mettere a fuoco e lo zoom durante l'utilizzo delle estensioni.
Zoom nel sensore
When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE
in
CameraCharacteristics
contains
SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW
, your app
can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same
pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest
with a RAW target that has stream use case set to
CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW
.
By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users
zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.
Audio USB senza perdita
Android 14 gains support for lossless audio formats for audiophile-level
experiences over USB wired headsets. You can query a USB device for its
preferred mixer attributes, register a listener for changes in preferred mixer
attributes, and configure mixer attributes using the
AudioMixerAttributes
class. This class represents the
format, such as channel mask, sample rate, and behavior of the audio mixer. The
class allows for audio to be sent directly, without mixing,
volume adjustment, or processing effects.
Produttività e strumenti per sviluppatori
Gestore delle credenziali
Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.
Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.
For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.
Connessione Salute
Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.
On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.
Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.
For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.
Aggiornamenti di OpenJDK 17
Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.
The following features and improvements are included:
- Updated approximately 300
java.base
classes to Java 17 support. - Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
- Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to
be treated as having a specific type in an
instanceof
without any additional variables. - Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.
Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.
Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Miglioramenti per gli store
Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller
APIs that
allow app stores to improve their user experience.
Request install approval before downloading
Installing or updating an app might require user approval.
For example, when an installer making use of the
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
permission attempts to install a
new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval
after APKs are written to the install session and the
session is committed.
Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval()
method lets installers request user approval before committing the install
session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until
after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user
has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the
background without interrupting the user.
Claim responsibility for future updates
The setRequestUpdateOwnership()
method allows an installer
to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates
to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership
enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted
to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to
ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.
Any other installer, including those making use of the
INSTALL_PACKAGES
permission, must receive explicit user
approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an
update from another source, update ownership is lost.
Update apps at less-disruptive times
App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.
Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints
API
gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune
moment. For example, an app store can call the
commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet()
method to
make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer
interacting with the app in question.
Seamlessly install optional splits
With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files,
rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the
delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize
based on the properties of the target device. The
PackageInstaller
API has supported splits since its
introduction in API level 22.
In Android 14, the setDontKillApp()
method allows an
installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when
new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install
new features of an app while the user is using the app.
App bundle di metadati
A partire da Android 14, il programma di installazione dei pacchetti Android ti consente di specificare i metadati dell'app, ad esempio le misure di sicurezza dei dati, da includere nelle pagine dello store come Google Play.
Rileva quando gli utenti acquisiscono screenshot del dispositivo
To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.
Esperienza utente
Azioni personalizzate di Sharesheet e miglioramento del ranking
Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.
Add custom actions
With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.
Improve ranking of Direct Share targets
Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.
Supporto per animazioni integrate e personalizzate per il sistema Indietro predittivo
Android 13 introduced the predictive back-to-home animation behind a developer option. When used in a supported app with the developer option enabled, swiping back shows an animation indicating that the back gesture exits the app back to the home screen.
Android 14 includes multiple improvements and new guidance for Predictive Back:
- You can set
android:enableOnBackInvokedCallback=true
to opt in to predictive back system animations per-Activity instead of for the entire app. - We've added new system animations to accompany the back-to-home animation from Android 13. The new system animations are cross-activity and cross-task, which you get automatically after migrating to Predictive Back.
- We've added new Material Component animations for Bottom sheets, Side sheets, and Search.
- We've created design guidance for creating custom in-app animations and transitions.
- We've added new APIs to support custom in-app transition animations:
handleOnBackStarted
,handleOnBackProgressed
,handleOnBackCancelled
in
OnBackPressedCallback
onBackStarted
,onBackProgressed
,onBackCancelled
in
OnBackAnimationCallback
- Use
overrideActivityTransition
instead ofoverridePendingTransition
for transitions that respond as the user swipes back.
With this Android 14 preview release, all features of Predictive Back remain behind a developer option. See the developer guide to migrate your app to predictive back, as well as the developer guide to creating custom in-app transitions.
Override per app del produttore di dispositivi con schermi di grandi dimensioni
Gli override per app consentono ai produttori di modificare il comportamento delle app sui dispositivi con schermi grandi. Ad esempio, l'override FORCE_RESIZE_APP
indica al sistema di ridimensionare l'app in base alle dimensioni del display (evitando la modalità di compatibilità delle dimensioni) anche se resizeableActivity="false"
è impostato nel file manifest dell'app.
Le sostituzioni hanno lo scopo di migliorare l'esperienza utente su schermi di grandi dimensioni.
Le nuove proprietà del file manifest ti consentono di disattivare alcuni override del produttore del dispositivo per la tua app.
Override per app utente su schermi di grandi dimensioni
Per-app overrides change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE
device manufacturer override sets the app aspect ratio to 16:9 regardless of the app's configuration.
Android 14 QPR1 enables users to apply per‑app overrides by means of a new settings menu on large screen devices.
Condivisione schermo dell'app
App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.
With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.
App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.
Risposta rapida basata su LLM in Gboard su Pixel 8 Pro
On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.
This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.
To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.
Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.
Grafica
I percorsi sono interrogabili e interpolabili
Android's Path
API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for
creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a
path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform
boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these
simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a
Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.
To create a Path
, you call methods such as
moveTo()
, lineTo()
, and
cubicTo()
to add path segments. But there has been no way to
ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at
creation time.
Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them.
First, you need to get a PathIterator
object using the
Path.getPathIterator
API:
Kotlin
val path = Path().apply { moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f) lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f) close() } val pathIterator = path.pathIterator
Java
Path path = new Path(); path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F); path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F); path.close(); PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();
Next, you can call PathIterator
to iterate through the segments
one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example
uses PathIterator.Segment
objects, which packages up the data
for you:
Kotlin
for (segment in pathIterator) { println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}") }
Java
while (pathIterator.hasNext()) { PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next(); Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints()); }
PathIterator
also has a non-allocating version of next()
where you can pass
in a buffer to hold the point data.
One of the important use cases of querying Path
data is interpolation. For
example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To
further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the
interpolate()
method on Path
. Assuming the two paths have
the same internal structure, the interpolate()
method creates a new Path
with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is
halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path
and otherPath
:
Kotlin
val interpolatedResult = Path() if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) { path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult) }
Java
Path interpolatedResult = new Path(); if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) { path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult); }
The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.
Mesh personalizzati con Shader di vertex e frammenti
Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.
The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the
fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by
using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the
fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint
color using the blend mode selected when
drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed
into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.
Renderer del buffer hardware per Canvas
To assist in using Android's Canvas
API to draw with
hardware acceleration into a HardwareBuffer
, Android 14
introduces HardwareBufferRenderer
. This API is
particularly useful when your use case involves communication with the system
compositor through SurfaceControl
for low-latency
drawing.