포그라운드 서비스 유형은 필수 항목임

개발자가 사용자 대상 포그라운드 서비스를 더 잘 정의하도록 돕기 위해 Android 10에서는 <service> 요소 내에 android:foregroundServiceType 속성을 도입했습니다.

앱이 Android 14를 타겟팅하는 경우 적절한 포그라운드 서비스 유형을 지정해야 합니다. 이전 버전의 Android에서와 마찬가지로 여러 유형을 결합할 수 있습니다. 이 목록에는 선택할 수 있는 포그라운드 서비스 유형이 표시됩니다.

앱의 사용 사례가 이러한 유형과 연결되어 있지 않으면 WorkManager 또는 사용자가 시작한 데이터 전송 작업을 사용하도록 로직을 이전하는 것이 좋습니다.

health, remoteMessaging, shortService, specialUsesystemExempted 유형은 Android 14에 새로 도입되었습니다.

다음 코드 스니펫은 매니페스트에서 포그라운드 서비스 유형을 선언하는 예를 보여줍니다.

<manifest ...>
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK" />
    <application ...>
      <service
          android:name=".MyMediaPlaybackService"
          android:foregroundServiceType="mediaPlayback"
          android:exported="false">
      </service>
    </application>
</manifest>

Android 14를 타겟팅하는 앱이 매니페스트에서 특정 서비스의 유형을 정의하지 않으면 시스템은 해당 서비스의 startForeground() 호출 시 MissingForegroundServiceTypeException을 발생시킵니다.

포그라운드 서비스 유형을 사용할 새로운 권한 선언

If apps that target Android 14 use a foreground service, they must declare a specific permission, based on the foreground service type, that Android 14 introduces. These permissions appear in the sections labeled "permission that you must declare in your manifest file" in the intended use cases and enforcement for each foreground service type section on this page.

All of the permissions are defined as normal permissions and are granted by default. Users cannot revoke these permissions.

런타임에 포그라운드 서비스 유형 포함

포그라운드 서비스를 시작하는 애플리케이션에 관한 권장사항은 포그라운드 서비스 유형의 비트 정수를 전달하는 startForeground()ServiceCompat 버전 (androidx-core 1.12 이상에서 사용 가능)을 사용하는 것입니다. 하나 이상의 유형 값을 전달하도록 선택할 수 있습니다.

일반적으로 특정 사용 사례에 필요한 유형만 선언해야 합니다. 이렇게 하면 각 포그라운드 서비스 유형에 관한 시스템의 기대치를 더 쉽게 충족할 수 있습니다. 포그라운드 서비스가 여러 유형으로 시작된 경우 포그라운드 서비스는 모든 유형의 플랫폼 시행 요구사항을 준수해야 합니다.

ServiceCompat.startForeground(0, notification, FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION)

포그라운드 서비스 유형이 호출에서 지정되지 않으면 유형이 매니페스트에 정의된 값으로 기본 설정됩니다. 매니페스트에서 서비스 유형을 지정하지 않으면 시스템에서 MissingForegroundServiceTypeException을 발생시킵니다.

포그라운드 서비스를 실행한 후 포그라운드 서비스에 새 권한이 필요한 경우 startForeground()를 다시 호출하고 새 서비스 유형을 추가해야 합니다. 예를 들어 피트니스 앱이 항상 location 정보가 필요하지만 media 권한이 필요하지 않을 수도 있는 달리기 추적 서비스를 실행한다고 가정해 보겠습니다. 매니페스트에서 locationmediaPlayback를 모두 선언해야 합니다. 사용자가 달리기를 시작하고 위치만 추적하려는 경우 앱은 startForeground()를 호출하고 location 서비스 유형만 전달해야 합니다. 그런 다음 사용자가 오디오 재생을 시작하려면 startForeground()를 다시 호출하고 location|mediaPlayback를 전달합니다.

시스템 런타임 검사

시스템은 포그라운드 서비스 유형의 올바른 사용을 확인하고, 앱이 적절한 런타임 권한을 요청했거나 필수 API를 사용하는지 확인합니다. 예를 들어 시스템은 포그라운드 서비스 유형 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION 유형을 사용하는 앱이 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 또는 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION을 요청할 것으로 예상합니다.

즉, 앱은 사용자에게 권한을 요청하고 포그라운드 서비스를 시작할 때 매우 구체적인 작업 순서를 따라야 합니다. 앱이 startForeground()를 호출하려고 하기 전에 권한을 요청하고 부여받아야 합니다. 포그라운드 서비스가 시작된 후 적절한 권한을 요청하는 앱은 이 작업 순서를 변경하고, 포그라운드 서비스를 시작하기 전에 권한을 요청해야 합니다.

플랫폼 시행의 세부정보는 이 페이지에 있는 각 포그라운드 서비스 유형의 의도된 사용 사례 및 시행에서 '런타임 요구사항' 섹션에 나와 있습니다.

각 포그라운드 서비스 유형의 의도된 사용 사례 및 시행

In order to use a given foreground service type, you must declare a particular permission in your manifest file, you must fulfill specific runtime requirements, and your app must fulfill one of the intended sets of use cases for that type. The following sections explain the permission that you must declare, the runtime prerequisites, and the intended use cases for each type.

카메라

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under android:foregroundServiceType
camera
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the CAMERA runtime permission

Note: The CAMERA runtime permission is subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a camera foreground service while your app is in the background, with a few exceptions. For more information, see Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions.

Description

Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.

연결된 기기

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Description

Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.

Alternatives

If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.

If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.

데이터 동기화

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Data transfer operations, such as the following:

  • Data upload or download
  • Backup-and-restore operations
  • Import or export operations
  • Fetch data
  • Local file processing
  • Transfer data between a device and the cloud over a network
Alternatives

See Alternatives to data sync foreground services for detailed information.

Health

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
health
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of the following conditions must be true:

Note: The BODY_SENSORS and sensor-based READ runtime permissions are subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a health foreground service that uses body sensors while your app is in the background unless you've been granted the BODY_SENSORS_BACKGROUND (API level 33 to 35) or READ_HEALTH_DATA_IN_BACKGROUND (API level 36 and higher) permissions. For more information, see Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions.

Description

Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.

위치

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
location
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
Runtime prerequisites

The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:

Note: In order to check that the user has enabled location services as well as granted access to the runtime permissions, use PermissionChecker#checkSelfPermission()

Note: The location runtime permissions are subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a location foreground service while your app is in the background, unless you've been granted the ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION runtime permission. For more information, see Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions.

Description

Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.

Alternatives

If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.

미디어

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description
Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on Android TV.
Alternatives
If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use Picture-in-Picture mode.

미디어 프로젝션

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
Runtime prerequisites

Call the createScreenCaptureIntent() method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.

After you have created the foreground service, you can call MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection().

Description

Project content to non-primary display or external device using the MediaProjection APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.

Alternatives

To stream media to another device, use the Google Cast SDK.

마이크

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
Runtime prerequisites

Request and be granted the RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission.

Note: The RECORD_AUDIO runtime permission is subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a microphone foreground service while your app is in the background, with a few exceptions. For more information, see Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions.

Description

Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.

전화 통화

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
Runtime prerequisites

At least one of these conditions must be true:

  • App is the default dialer app through the ROLE_DIALER role.
Description

Continue an ongoing call using the ConnectionService APIs.

Alternatives

If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the android.telecom library.

Consider using CallScreeningService to screen calls.

원격 메시지

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description
Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.

짧은 서비스

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
Permission to declare in your manifest
None
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

  • Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
  • No support for sticky foreground services.
  • Cannot start other foreground services.
  • Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
  • A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
  • A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

특수 용도

매니페스트에서 선언할 포그라운드 서비스 유형
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
매니페스트에서 선언할 수 있는 권한
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
startForeground()에 전달할 상수
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
런타임 기본 요건
없음
설명

다른 포그라운드 서비스 유형에서 다루지 않는 유효한 포그라운드 서비스 사용 사례를 다룹니다.

개발자는 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE 포그라운드 서비스 유형을 선언하는 것 외에도 매니페스트에서 사용 사례를 선언해야 합니다. 이렇게 하려면 <service> 요소 내에서 <property> 요소를 지정해야 합니다. 이러한 값과 해당 사용 사례는 Google Play Console에서 앱을 제출할 때 검토됩니다. 용도 제공하는 케이스는 자유 형식이므로 specialUse를 사용해야 하는 이유를 검토자가 알 수 있도록 관련 정보 있습니다.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

시스템 제외됨

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.

To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:

  • Device is in demo mode state
  • App is a Device Owner
  • App is a Profiler Owner
  • Safety Apps that have the ROLE_EMERGENCY role
  • Device Admin apps
  • Apps holding SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM or USE_EXACT_ALARM permission and are using Foreground Service to continue alarms in the background, including haptics-only alarms.
  • VPN apps (configured using Settings > Network & Internet > VPN)

    Otherwise, declaring this type causes the system to throw a ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException.

포그라운드 서비스 유형 사용에 관한 Google Play 정책 시행

앱이 Android 14 이상을 타겟팅하는 경우 Play Console의 앱 콘텐츠 페이지 (정책 > 앱 콘텐츠)에서 앱의 포그라운드 서비스 유형을 선언해야 합니다. Play Console에서 포그라운드 서비스 유형을 선언하는 방법에 관한 자세한 내용은 포그라운드 서비스 및 전체 화면 인텐트 요구사항 이해하기를 참고하세요.