功能和 API

Android 16 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下各部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

您还应查看平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用。如需了解详情，请参阅以下页面：

• 当应用以 Android 16 为目标平台时会受到影响的行为变更
• 影响所有应用（无论 targetSdkVersion 为何）的行为变更。

核心功能

Android 包含一些新的 API，可扩展 Android 系统的核心功能。

2025 年发布了两个 Android API

• This preview is for the next major release of Android with a planned launch in Q2 of 2025. This release is similar to all of our API releases in the past, where we can have planned behavior changes that are often tied to a targetSdkVersion.
• We're planning the major release a quarter earlier (Q2 rather than Q3 in prior years) to better align with the schedule of device launches across our ecosystem, so more devices can get the major release of Android sooner. With the major release coming in Q2, you'll need to do your annual compatibility testing a few months earlier than in previous years to make sure your apps are ready.
• We plan to have another release in Q4 of 2025 which also will include new developer APIs. The Q2 major release will be the only release in 2025 to include planned behavior changes that could affect apps.

In addition to new developer APIs, the Q4 minor release will pick up feature updates, optimizations, and bug fixes; it will not include any app-impacting behavior changes.

We'll continue to have quarterly Android releases. The Q1 and Q3 updates in-between the API releases will provide incremental updates to help ensure continuous quality. We're actively working with our device partners to bring the Q2 release to as many devices as possible.

Using new APIs with major and minor releases

Guarding a code block with a check for API level is done today using the SDK_INT constant with VERSION_CODES. This will continue to be supported for major Android releases.

if (SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.BAKLAVA) {
  // Use APIs introduced in Android 16
}

The new SDK_INT_FULL constant can be used for API checks against both major and minor versions with the new VERSION_CODES_FULL enumeration.

if (SDK_INT_FULL >= VERSION_CODES_FULL.[MAJOR or MINOR RELEASE]) {
  // Use APIs introduced in a major or minor release
}

You can also use the Build.getMinorSdkVersion() method to get just the minor SDK version.

val minorSdkVersion = Build.getMinorSdkVersion(VERSION_CODES_FULL.BAKLAVA)

These APIs have not yet been finalized and are subject to change, so please send us feedback if you have any concerns.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 16 为应用开发者和用户提供了更多控制权和灵活性，以便他们根据自己的需求配置设备。

以进度为中心的通知

Android 16 introduces progress-centric notifications to help users seamlessly track user-initiated, start-to-end journeys.

Notification.ProgressStyle is a new notification style that lets you create progress-centric notifications. Key use cases include rideshare, delivery, and navigation. Within the Notification.ProgressStyle class, you can denote states and milestones in a user journey using points and segments.

To learn more, see the Progress-centric notifications documentation page.

锁屏上显示的以进度为中心的通知。

在通知栏中显示的以进度为中心的通知。

预测性返回更新

Android 16 添加了新 API，可帮助您在手势导航中启用预测性返回系统动画，例如“返回主屏幕”动画。通过使用新的 PRIORITY_SYSTEM_NAVIGATION_OBSERVER 注册 onBackInvokedCallback，您的应用可以在系统处理返回导航时接收常规的 onBackInvoked 调用，而不会影响正常的返回导航流程。

Android 16 还添加了 finishAndRemoveTaskCallback() 和 moveTaskToBackCallback。通过向 OnBackInvokedDispatcher 注册这些回调，系统可以在调用返回手势时触发特定行为并播放相应的提前动画。

更丰富的触感反馈

自诞生之日起，Android 就提供了对触感反馈致动器的控制。

Android 11 添加了对更复杂的触感反馈效果的支持，更高级的致动器可以通过设备定义的语义基元 VibrationEffect.Compositions 支持这些效果。

Android 16 添加了触感反馈 API，让应用能够定义触感反馈效果的振幅和频率曲线，同时抽象出设备功能之间的差异。

开发者工作效率和工具

虽然我们的大部分工作都是围绕 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 库等工具来提高您的工作效率，但我们始终在寻找平台中的方法来帮助您实现自己的愿景。

动态壁纸的内容处理

In Android 16, the live wallpaper framework is gaining a new content API to address the challenges of dynamic, user-driven wallpapers. Currently, live wallpapers incorporating user-provided content require complex, service-specific implementations. Android 16 introduces WallpaperDescription and WallpaperInstance. WallpaperDescription lets you identify distinct instances of a live wallpaper from the same service. For example, a wallpaper that has instances on both the home screen and on the lock screen may have unique content in both places. The wallpaper picker and WallpaperManager use this metadata to better present wallpapers to users, streamlining the process for you to create diverse and personalized live wallpaper experiences.

性能和电池

Android 16 引入了可帮助您收集应用相关数据分析的 API。

系统触发的性能分析

ProfilingManager was added in Android 15, giving apps the ability to request profiling data collection using Perfetto on public devices in the field. However, since this profiling must be started from the app, critical flows such as startups or ANRs would be difficult or impossible for apps to capture.

To help with this, Android 16 introduces system-triggered profiling to ProfilingManager. Apps can register interest in receiving traces for certain triggers such as cold start reportFullyDrawn or ANRs, and then the system starts and stops a trace on the app's behalf. After the trace completes, the results are delivered to the app's data directory.

ApplicationStartInfo 中的启动组件

ApplicationStartInfo 在 Android 15 中添加，可让应用查看进程启动原因、启动类型、启动时间、节流和其他实用诊断数据。Android 16 添加了 getStartComponent()，用于区分触发启动的组件类型，这有助于优化应用的启动流程。

更好地进行作业内省

The JobScheduler#getPendingJobReason() API returns a reason why a job might be pending. However, a job might be pending for multiple reasons.

In Android 16, we are introducing a new API JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasons(int jobId), which returns multiple reasons why a job is pending, due to both explicit constraints set by the developer and implicit constraints set by the system.

We're also introducing JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasonsHistory(int jobId), which returns a list of the most recent constraint changes.

We recommend using the API to help you debug why your jobs may not be executing, especially if you're seeing reduced success rates of certain tasks or have bugs around latency of certain job completion. For example, updating widgets in the background failed to occur or prefetch job failed to be called prior to app start.

This can also better help you understand if certain jobs are not completing due to system defined constraints versus explicitly set constraints.

自动调节刷新率

Adaptive refresh rate (ARR), introduced in Android 15, enables the display refresh rate on supported hardware to adapt to the content frame rate using discrete VSync steps. This reduces power consumption while eliminating the need for potentially jank-inducing mode-switching.

Android 16 introduces hasArrSupport() and getSuggestedFrameRate(int) while restoring getSupportedRefreshRates() to make it easier for your apps to take advantage of ARR. RecyclerView 1.4 internally supports ARR when it is settling from a fling or smooth scroll, and we're continuing our work to add ARR support into more Jetpack libraries. This frame rate article covers many of the APIs you can use to set the frame rate so that your app can directly use ARR.

ADPF 中的裕度 API

SystemHealthManager 引入了 getCpuHeadroom 和 getGpuHeadroom API，旨在为游戏和资源密集型应用提供可用 CPU 和 GPU 资源的估算值。通过这些方法，您可以评估应用或游戏如何以最佳方式改善系统运行状况，尤其是在与用于检测热节流的其他 Android 动态性能框架 (ADPF) API 搭配使用时。

在受支持的设备上使用 CpuHeadroomParams 和 GpuHeadroomParams，您可以自定义用于计算余量的时间范围，并在平均资源可用性或最低资源可用性之间进行选择。这有助于您相应地减少 CPU 或 GPU 资源用量，从而提升用户体验并延长电池续航时间。

无障碍

Android 16 新增了无障碍功能 API 和功能，可帮助您让所有用户都能使用您的应用。

改进了无障碍功能 API

Android 16 adds additional APIs to enhance UI semantics that help improve consistency for users that rely on accessibility services, such as TalkBack.

Outline text for maximum text contrast

Users with low vision often have reduced contrast sensitivity, making it challenging to distinguish objects from their backgrounds. To help these users, Android 16 introduces outline text, replacing high contrast text, which draws a larger contrasting area around text to greatly improve legibility.

Android 16 contains new AccessibilityManager APIs to let your apps check or register a listener to see if this mode is enabled. This is primarily for UI Toolkits like Compose to offer a similar visual experience. If you maintain a UI Toolkit library or your app performs custom text rendering that bypasses the android.text.Layout class then you can use this to know when outline text is enabled.

Duration added to TtsSpan

Android 16 extends TtsSpan with a TYPE_DURATION, consisting of ARG_HOURS, ARG_MINUTES, and ARG_SECONDS. This lets you directly annotate time duration, ensuring accurate and consistent text-to-speech output with services like TalkBack.

Support elements with multiple labels

Android currently allows UI elements to derive their accessibility label from another, and now offers the ability for multiple labels to be associated, a common scenario in web content. By introducing a list-based API within AccessibilityNodeInfo, Android can directly support these multi-label relationships. As part of this change, we've deprecated AccessibilityNodeInfo#setLabeledBy and #getLabeledBy in favor of #addLabeledBy, #removeLabeledBy, and #getLabeledByList.

Improved support for expandable elements

Android 16 adds accessibility APIs that allow you to convey the expanded or collapsed state of interactive elements, such as menus and expandable lists. By setting the expanded state using setExpandedState and dispatching TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED AccessibilityEvents with a CONTENT_CHANGE_TYPE_EXPANDED content change type, you can ensure that screen readers like TalkBack announce state changes, providing a more intuitive and inclusive user experience.

Indeterminate ProgressBars

Android 16 adds RANGE_TYPE_INDETERMINATE, giving a way for you to expose RangeInfo for both determinate and indeterminate ProgressBar widgets, allowing services like TalkBack to more consistently provide feedback for progress indicators.

Tri-state CheckBox

The new AccessibilityNodeInfo getChecked and setChecked(int) methods in Android 16 now support a "partially checked" state in addition to "checked" and "unchecked." This replaces the deprecated boolean isChecked and setChecked(boolean).

Supplemental descriptions

When an accessibility service describes a ViewGroup, it combines content labels from its child views. If you provide a contentDescription for the ViewGroup, accessibility services assume you are also overriding the description of non-focusable child views. This can be problematic if you want to label things like a drop-down (for example, "Font Family") while preserving the current selection for accessibility (for example, "Roboto"). Android 16 adds setSupplementalDescription so you can provide text that provides information about a ViewGroup without overriding information from its children.

Required form fields

Android 16 adds setFieldRequired to AccessibilityNodeInfo so apps can tell an accessibility service that input to a form field is required. This is an important scenario for users filling out many types of forms, even things as simple as a required terms and conditions checkbox, helping users to consistently identify and quickly navigate between required fields.

将手机作为 LEA 助听器的麦克风输入设备，用于语音通话

Android 16 新增了一项功能，让 LE Audio 助听器用户能够在助听器的内置麦克风和手机上的麦克风之间切换，以进行语音通话。在嘈杂的环境或助听器麦克风可能无法正常工作的其他情况下，这会很有帮助。

LEA 助听器的环境音量控制

Android 16 adds the capability for users of LE Audio hearing aids to adjust the volume of ambient sound that is picked up by the hearing aid's microphones. This can be helpful in situations where background noise is too loud or too quiet.

相机

Android 16 增强了对专业相机用户的支持，允许进行混合自动曝光以及精确的色温和色调调整。新的夜间模式指示器可帮助应用了解何时切换到夜间模式相机会议以及何时从夜间模式相机会议切换回来。新的 Intent 操作可让您更轻松地拍摄动态照片，并且我们还在不断改进 UltraHDR 图片，支持 HEIC 编码和 ISO 21496-1 草稿标准中的新参数。

混合自动曝光

Android 16 adds new hybrid auto-exposure modes to Camera2, allowing you to manually control specific aspects of exposure while letting the auto-exposure (AE) algorithm handle the rest. You can control ISO + AE, and exposure time + AE, providing greater flexibility compared to the current approach where you either have full manual control or rely entirely on auto-exposure.

fun setISOPriority() {
    // ... (Your existing code before the snippet) ...

    val availablePriorityModes = mStaticInfo.characteristics.get(
        CameraCharacteristics.CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_PRIORITY_MODES
    )

    // ... (Your existing code between the snippets) ...

    // Turn on AE mode to set priority mode
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE,
        CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON
    )
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_PRIORITY_MODE,
        CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AE_PRIORITY_MODE_SENSOR_SENSITIVITY_PRIORITY
    )
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.SENSOR_SENSITIVITY,
        TEST_SENSITIVITY_VALUE
    )
    val request: CaptureRequest = reqBuilder.build()

    // ... (Your existing code after the snippet) ...
}

精确的色温和色调调整

Android 16 adds camera support for fine color temperature and tint adjustments to better support professional video recording applications. In previous Android versions, you could control white balance settings through CONTROL_AWB_MODE, which contains options limited to a preset list, such as Incandescent, Cloudy, and Twilight. The COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE_CCT enables the use of COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE and COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TINT for precise adjustments of white balance based on the correlated color temperature.

fun setCCT() {
    // ... (Your existing code before this point) ...

    val colorTemperatureRange: Range<Int> =
        mStaticInfo.characteristics[CameraCharacteristics.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE_RANGE]

    // Set to manual mode to enable CCT mode
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AWB_MODE] = CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AWB_MODE_OFF
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE] = CameraMetadata.COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE_CCT
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE] = 5000
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TINT] = 30

    val request: CaptureRequest = reqBuilder.build()

    // ... (Your existing code after this point) ...
}

The following examples show how a photo would look after applying different color temperature and tint adjustments:

相机夜间模式场景检测

To help your app know when to switch to and from a night mode camera session, Android 16 adds EXTENSION_NIGHT_MODE_INDICATOR. If supported, it's available in the CaptureResult within Camera2.

This is the API we briefly mentioned as coming soon in the How Instagram enabled users to take stunning low light photos blog post. That post is a practical guide on how to implement night mode together with a case study that links higher-quality in-app night mode photos with an increase in the number of photos shared from the in-app camera.

动态照片拍摄 intent 操作

Android 16 adds standard Intent actions — ACTION_MOTION_PHOTO_CAPTURE, and ACTION_MOTION_PHOTO_CAPTURE_SECURE — which request that the camera application capture a motion photo and return it.

You must either pass an extra EXTRA_OUTPUT to control where the image will be written, or a Uri through Intent.setClipData(ClipData). If you don't set a ClipData, it will be copied there for you when calling Context.startActivity(Intent).

UltraHDR 图片增强功能

Android 16 continues our work to deliver dazzling image quality with UltraHDR images. It adds support for UltraHDR images in the HEIC file format. These images will get ImageFormat type HEIC_ULTRAHDR and will contain an embedded gainmap similar to the existing UltraHDR JPEG format. We're working on AVIF support for UltraHDR as well, so stay tuned.

In addition, Android 16 implements additional parameters in UltraHDR from the ISO 21496-1 draft standard, including the ability to get and set the colorspace that gainmap math should be applied in, as well as support for HDR encoded base images with SDR gainmaps.

图形

Android 16 包含最新的图形改进，例如使用 AGSL 实现自定义图形效果。

使用 AGSL 实现自定义图形效果

Android 16 adds RuntimeColorFilter and RuntimeXfermode, allowing you to author complex effects like Threshold, Sepia, and Hue Saturation and apply them to draw calls. Since Android 13, you've been able to use AGSL to create custom RuntimeShaders that extend Shader. The new API mirrors this, adding an AGSL-powered RuntimeColorFilter that extends ColorFilter, and a Xfermode effect that lets you implement AGSL-based custom compositing and blending between source and destination pixels.

private val thresholdEffectString = """
    uniform half threshold;

    half4 main(half4 c) {
        half luminosity = dot(c.rgb, half3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));
        half bw = step(threshold, luminosity);
        return bw.xxx1 * c.a;
    }"""

fun setCustomColorFilter(paint: Paint) {
   val filter = RuntimeColorFilter(thresholdEffectString)
   filter.setFloatUniform(0.5);
   paint.colorFilter = filter
}

连接

Android 16 更新了平台，让您的应用能够使用通信和无线技术方面的最新进展。

测距功能（增强型安全）

Android 16 adds support for robust security features in Wi-Fi location on supported devices with Wi-Fi 6's 802.11az, allowing apps to combine the higher accuracy, greater scalability, and dynamic scheduling of the protocol with security enhancements including AES-256-based encryption and protection against MITM attacks. This allows it to be used more safely in proximity use cases, such as unlocking a laptop or a vehicle door. 802.11az is integrated with the Wi-Fi 6 standard, leveraging its infrastructure and capabilities for wider adoption and easier deployment.

通用测距 API

Android 16 包含新的 RangingManager，它提供了在受支持的硬件上确定本地设备与远程设备之间的距离和角度的方法。RangingManager 支持使用各种测距技术，例如 BLE 信道声音探测、基于 BLE RSSI 的测距、超宽带和 Wi-Fi 往返时间。

配套设备管理器设备存在情况

In Android 16, new APIs are being introduced for binding your companion app service. Service will be bound when BLE is in range and Bluetooth is connected and service will be unbound when BLE is out of range or Bluetooth is disconnected. App will receives a new 'onDevicePresenceEvent()' callback based on various of DevicePresenceEvent. More details can be found in 'startObservingDevicePresence(ObservingDevicePresenceRequest)'.

媒体

Android 16 包含多种可提升媒体体验的功能。

改进了照片选择器

The photo picker provides a safe, built-in way for users to grant your app access to selected images and videos from both local and cloud storage, instead of their entire media library. Using a combination of Modular System Components through Google System Updates and Google Play services, it's supported back to Android 4.4 (API level 19). Integration requires just a few lines of code with the associated Android Jetpack library.

Android 16 includes the following improvements to the photo picker:

• Embedded photo picker: New APIs that enable apps to embed the photo picker into their view hierarchy. This allows it to feel like a more integrated part of the app while still leveraging the process isolation that allows users to select media without the app needing overly broad permissions. To maximize compatibility across platform versions and simplify your integration, you'll want to use the forthcoming Android Jetpack library if you want to integrate the embedded photo picker.
• Cloud search in photo picker: New APIs that enable searching from the cloud media provider for the Android photo picker. Search functionality in the photo picker is coming soon.

高级专业视频

Android 16 引入了对高级专业视频 (APV) 编解码器的支持，该编解码器专为专业级高品质视频录制和后期制作而设计。

APV 编解码器标准具有以下特点：

• 感知上无损的视频画质（接近原始视频画质）
• 复杂度低且吞吐量高的仅帧内编码（无像素域预测），以更好地支持编辑工作流
• 支持高比特率范围（最高几十 Gbps），适用于 2K、4K 和 8K 分辨率内容，由轻量级熵编码方案实现
• 帧平铺，用于沉浸式内容和启用并行编码和解码
• 支持各种色度采样格式和位深
• 支持多次解码和重新编码，且不会严重降低视觉质量
• 支持多视图视频和辅助视频，例如深度、Alpha 和预览
• 支持 HDR10/10+ 和用户定义的元数据

OpenAPV 项目提供了 APV 的参考实现。Android 16 将实现对 APV 422-10 配置文件的支持，该配置文件提供 YUV 422 色彩采样以及 10 位编码，并且目标比特率最高可达 2 Gbps。

隐私权

Android 16 包含多种有助于应用开发者保护用户隐私的功能。

健康数据共享更新

Health Connect adds ACTIVITY_INTENSITY, a data type defined according to World Health Organization guidelines around moderate and vigorous activity. Each record requires the start time, the end time, and whether the activity intensity is moderate or vigorous.

Health Connect also contains updated APIs supporting medical records. This allows apps to read and write medical records in FHIR format with explicit user consent.

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 16 中集成了最新版本的 Privacy Sandbox on Android，这是我们持续致力于开发可让用户放心地知道其隐私受到保护的技术的一部分。您可以访问我们的网站，详细了解 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者 Beta 版计划，以便顺利上手。不妨了解 SDK 运行时，它可让 SDK 在与其所服务的应用分离的专用运行时环境中运行，从而为用户数据收集和共享提供更强的保护措施。

安全

Android 16 包含有助于增强应用安全性和保护应用数据的功能。

密钥共享 API

Android 16 添加了一些 API，这些 API 支持与其他应用共享对 Android Keystore 密钥的访问权限。新的 KeyStoreManager 类支持按应用 uid 授予和撤消对密钥的访问权限，并包含一个供应用访问共享密钥的 API。

设备规格

Android 16 为您的应用提供支持，让您充分利用 Android 的设备类型。

电视的标准化画质和音质框架

The new MediaQuality package in Android 16 exposes a set of standardized APIs for access to audio and picture profiles and hardware-related settings. This allows streaming apps to query profiles and apply them to media dynamically:

• Movies mastered with a wider dynamic range require greater color accuracy to see subtle details in shadows and adjust to ambient light, so a profile that prefers color accuracy over brightness may be appropriate.
• Live sporting events are often mastered with a narrow dynamic range, but are often watched in daylight, so a profile that preferences brightness over color accuracy can give better results.
• Fully interactive content wants minimal processing to reduce latency, and wants higher frame rates, which is why many TV's ship with a game profile.

The API allows apps to switch between profiles and users to enjoy tuning supported TVs to best suit their content.

国际化

Android 16 新增了多项功能，可在设备以不同语言运行时提升用户体验。

竖排文字

Android 16 adds low-level support for rendering and measuring text vertically to provide foundational vertical writing support for library developers. This is particularly useful for languages like Japanese that commonly use vertical writing systems. A new flag, VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG, has been added to the Paint class. When this flag is set using Paint.setFlags, Paint's text measurement APIs will report vertical advances instead of horizontal advances, and Canvas will draw text vertically.

val text = "「春は、曙。」"
Box(
    Modifier.padding(innerPadding).background(Color.White).fillMaxSize().drawWithContent {
        drawIntoCanvas { canvas ->
            val paint = Paint().apply { textSize = 64.sp.toPx() }
            // Draw text vertically
            paint.flags = paint.flags or VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG
            val height = paint.measureText(text)
            canvas.nativeCanvas.drawText(
                text,
                0,
                text.length,
                size.width / 2,
                (size.height - height) / 2,
                paint
            )
        }
    }
) {}

自定义度量衡制

Users can now customize their measurement system in regional preferences within Settings. The user preference is included as part of the locale code, so you can register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

Using formatters can help match the local experience. For example, "0.5 in" in English (United States), is "12,7 mm" for a user who has set their phone to English (Denmark) or who uses their phone in English (United States) with the metric system as the measurement system preference.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & region.