功能和 API

Android 16 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下各部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

您还应查看平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用。如需了解详情，请参阅以下页面：

• 当应用以 Android 16 为目标平台时会受到的行为变更
• 影响所有应用（无论 targetSdkVersion 为何）的行为变更。

核心功能

Android 包含一些新的 API，可扩展 Android 系统的核心功能。

2025 年发布了两个 Android API

• This preview is for the next major release of Android with a planned launch in Q2 of 2025. This release is similar to all of our API releases in the past, where we can have planned behavior changes that are often tied to a targetSdkVersion.
• We're planning the major release a quarter earlier (Q2 rather than Q3 in prior years) to better align with the schedule of device launches across our ecosystem, so more devices can get the major release of Android sooner. With the major release coming in Q2, you'll need to do your annual compatibility testing a few months earlier than in previous years to make sure your apps are ready.
• We plan to have another release in Q4 of 2025 which also will include new developer APIs. The Q2 major release will be the only release in 2025 to include planned behavior changes that could affect apps.

In addition to new developer APIs, the Q4 minor release will pick up feature updates, optimizations, and bug fixes; it will not include any app-impacting behavior changes.

We'll continue to have quarterly Android releases. The Q1 and Q3 updates in-between the API releases will provide incremental updates to help ensure continuous quality. We're actively working with our device partners to bring the Q2 release to as many devices as possible.

Using new APIs with major and minor releases

Guarding a code block with a check for API level is done today using the SDK_INT constant with VERSION_CODES. This will continue to be supported for major Android releases.

if (SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.BAKLAVA) {
  // Use APIs introduced in Android 16
}

The new SDK_INT_FULL constant can be used for API checks against both major and minor versions with the new VERSION_CODES_FULL enumeration.

if (SDK_INT_FULL >= VERSION_CODES_FULL.[MAJOR or MINOR RELEASE]) {
  // Use APIs introduced in a major or minor release
}

You can also use the Build.getMinorSdkVersion() method to get just the minor SDK version.

val minorSdkVersion = Build.getMinorSdkVersion(VERSION_CODES_FULL.BAKLAVA)

These APIs have not yet been finalized and are subject to change, so please send us feedback if you have any concerns.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 16 为应用开发者和用户提供了更多控制权和灵活性，以便他们根据自己的需求配置设备。

以进度为中心的通知

Android 16 引入了以进度为中心的通知，可帮助用户顺畅地跟踪用户发起的端到端历程。

Notification.ProgressStyle 是一种新的通知样式，可让您创建以进度为中心的通知。主要用例包括共享车辆、送货和导航。在 Notification.ProgressStyle 类中，您可以使用点和细分来表示用户体验历程中的状态和里程碑。

To learn more, see the Progress-centric notifications documentation page.

锁屏上显示的以进度为中心的通知。

在通知栏中显示的以进度为中心的通知。

预测性返回更新

Android 16 adds new APIs to help you enable predictive back system animations in gesture navigation such as the back-to-home animation. Registering the onBackInvokedCallback with the new PRIORITY_SYSTEM_NAVIGATION_OBSERVER allows your app to receive the regular onBackInvoked call whenever the system handles a back navigation without impacting the normal back navigation flow.

Android 16 additionally adds the finishAndRemoveTaskCallback() and moveTaskToBackCallback. By registering these callbacks with the OnBackInvokedDispatcher, the system can trigger specific behaviors and play corresponding ahead-of-time animations when the back gesture is invoked.

更丰富的触感反馈

自诞生之日起，Android 就提供了对触感反馈致动器的控制。

Android 11 添加了对更复杂的触感反馈效果的支持，更高级的致动器可以通过设备定义的语义基元 VibrationEffect.Compositions 支持这些效果。

Android 16 添加了触感反馈 API，让应用能够定义触感反馈效果的振幅和频率曲线，同时抽象出设备功能之间的差异。

开发者工作效率和工具

虽然我们的大部分工作都是围绕 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 库等工具来提高您的工作效率，但我们始终在寻找平台中可帮助您实现愿景的方法。

动态壁纸的内容处理

In Android 16, the live wallpaper framework is gaining a new content API to address the challenges of dynamic, user-driven wallpapers. Currently, live wallpapers incorporating user-provided content require complex, service-specific implementations. Android 16 introduces WallpaperDescription and WallpaperInstance. WallpaperDescription lets you identify distinct instances of a live wallpaper from the same service. For example, a wallpaper that has instances on both the home screen and on the lock screen may have unique content in both places. The wallpaper picker and WallpaperManager use this metadata to better present wallpapers to users, streamlining the process for you to create diverse and personalized live wallpaper experiences.

性能和电池

Android 16 引入了可帮助您收集应用相关数据分析的 API。

系统触发的性能分析

ProfilingManager was added in Android 15, giving apps the ability to request profiling data collection using Perfetto on public devices in the field. However, since this profiling must be started from the app, critical flows such as startups or ANRs would be difficult or impossible for apps to capture.

To help with this, Android 16 introduces system-triggered profiling to ProfilingManager. Apps can register interest in receiving traces for certain triggers such as cold start reportFullyDrawn or ANRs, and then the system starts and stops a trace on the app's behalf. After the trace completes, the results are delivered to the app's data directory.

ApplicationStartInfo 中的启动组件

ApplicationStartInfo 在 Android 15 中添加，可让应用查看进程启动原因、启动类型、启动时间、节流和其他实用诊断数据。Android 16 添加了 getStartComponent()，用于区分触发启动的组件类型，这有助于优化应用的启动流程。

更好地进行作业内省

The JobScheduler#getPendingJobReason() API returns a reason why a job might be pending. However, a job might be pending for multiple reasons.

In Android 16, we are introducing a new API JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasons(int jobId), which returns multiple reasons why a job is pending, due to both explicit constraints set by the developer and implicit constraints set by the system.

We're also introducing JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasonsHistory(int jobId), which returns a list of the most recent constraint changes.

We recommend using the API to help you debug why your jobs may not be executing, especially if you're seeing reduced success rates of certain tasks or have bugs around latency of certain job completion. For example, updating widgets in the background failed to occur or prefetch job failed to be called prior to app start.

This can also better help you understand if certain jobs are not completing due to system defined constraints versus explicitly set constraints.

自动调节刷新率

Adaptive refresh rate (ARR), introduced in Android 15, enables the display refresh rate on supported hardware to adapt to the content frame rate using discrete VSync steps. This reduces power consumption while eliminating the need for potentially jank-inducing mode-switching.

Android 16 introduces hasArrSupport() and getSuggestedFrameRate(int) while restoring getSupportedRefreshRates() to make it easier for your apps to take advantage of ARR. RecyclerView 1.4 internally supports ARR when it is settling from a fling or smooth scroll, and we're continuing our work to add ARR support into more Jetpack libraries. This frame rate article covers many of the APIs you can use to set the frame rate so that your app can directly use ARR.

ADPF 中的裕度 API

The SystemHealthManager introduces the getCpuHeadroom and getGpuHeadroom APIs, designed to provide games and resource-intensive apps with estimates of available CPU and GPU resources. These methods offer a way for you to gauge how your app or game can best improve system health, particularly when used in conjunction with other Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF) APIs that detect thermal throttling.

By using CpuHeadroomParams and GpuHeadroomParams on supported devices, you can customize the time window used to compute the headroom and select between average or minimum resource availability. This can help you reduce your CPU or GPU resource usage accordingly, leading to better user experiences and improved battery life.

无障碍

Android 16 新增了无障碍功能 API 和功能，可帮助您让所有用户都能使用您的应用。

改进了无障碍功能 API

Android 16 添加了其他 API 来增强界面语义，这有助于为依赖于无障碍服务（例如 TalkBack）的用户提高一致性。

为文字添加轮廓，以最大限度地提高文字对比度

视力较低的用户对对比度的敏感度通常较低，因此很难将对象与背景区分开来。为了帮助这些用户，Android 16 引入了轮廓文本，取代了高对比度文本，后者会在文本周围绘制较大的对比度区域，以大大提高可辨性。

Android 16 包含新的 AccessibilityManager API，可让您的应用检查或注册监听器，以查看此模式是否已启用。这主要适用于 Compose 等界面工具包，以提供类似的视觉体验。如果您维护界面工具包库，或者您的应用执行绕过 android.text.Layout 类的自定义文本渲染，则可以使用此方法来了解何时启用轮廓文本。

向 TtsSpan 添加了时长

Android 16 使用 TYPE_DURATION 扩展了 TtsSpan，其中包含 ARG_HOURS、ARG_MINUTES 和 ARG_SECONDS。这样，您就可以直接为时长添加注释，确保通过 TalkBack 等服务获得准确且一致的文本转语音输出。

支持具有多个标签的元素

Android 目前允许界面元素从其他元素派生其无障碍功能标签，现在还支持关联多个标签，这是 Web 内容中常见的情况。通过在 AccessibilityNodeInfo 中引入基于列表的 API，Android 可以直接支持这些多标签关系。在进行这项更改的过程中，我们已弃用 AccessibilityNodeInfo#setLabeledBy 和 #getLabeledBy，改用 #addLabeledBy、#removeLabeledBy 和 #getLabeledByList。

改进了对可展开元素的支持

Android 16 添加了无障碍功能 API，可让您传达互动元素（例如菜单和展开式列表）的展开或收起状态。通过使用 setExpandedState 设置展开状态，并使用 CONTENT_CHANGE_TYPE_EXPANDED 内容更改类型调度 TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED AccessibilityEvents，您可以确保 TalkBack 等屏幕阅读器会读出状态更改，从而提供更直观、更包容的用户体验。

不确定进度条

Android 16 添加了 RANGE_TYPE_INDETERMINATE，让您可以为确定性和不确定性 ProgressBar 微件公开 RangeInfo，从而让 TalkBack 等服务能够更一致地为进度指示器提供反馈。

三态复选框

Android 16 中的新 AccessibilityNodeInfo getChecked 和 setChecked(int) 方法现在除了“已选中”和“未选中”之外，还支持“部分选中”状态。此字段取代了已废弃的布尔值 isChecked 和 setChecked(boolean)。

补充说明

如果无障碍服务提供关于 ViewGroup 的说明，则会将来自其子视图的内容标签合并在一起。如果您为 ViewGroup 提供 contentDescription，无障碍服务会假定您还要覆盖不可聚焦的子视图的说明。如果您想为下拉菜单等内容添加标签（例如“字体系列”），同时保留当前的无障碍功能选择（例如“Roboto”），这可能会造成问题。Android 16 添加了 setSupplementalDescription，以便您提供用于提供 ViewGroup 相关信息的文本，而不会覆盖其子项中的信息。

必填表单字段

Android 16 向 AccessibilityNodeInfo 添加了 setFieldRequired，以便应用可以告知无障碍服务需要输入表单字段。对于填写各种类型表单的用户而言，这是一个重要的场景，即使是简单的必填条款及条件复选框，也能帮助用户始终如一地识别必填字段并在必填字段之间快速导航。

将手机作为 LEA 助听器的麦克风输入设备，用于语音通话

Android 16 adds the capability for users of LE Audio hearing aids to switch between the built-in microphones on the hearing aids and the microphone on their phone for voice calls. This can be helpful in noisy environments or other situations where the hearing aid's microphones might not perform well.

LEA 助听器的环境音量控制

Android 16 adds the capability for users of LE Audio hearing aids to adjust the volume of ambient sound that is picked up by the hearing aid's microphones. This can be helpful in situations where background noise is too loud or too quiet.

相机

Android 16 增强了对专业相机用户的支持，允许进行混合自动曝光以及精确的色温和色调调整。新的夜间模式指示器可帮助应用了解何时切换到夜间模式相机会议以及何时从夜间模式相机会议切换回来。新的 Intent 操作可让您更轻松地拍摄动态照片，并且我们还在不断改进 UltraHDR 图片，支持 HEIC 编码和 ISO 21496-1 草稿标准中的新参数。

混合自动曝光

Android 16 向 Camera2 添加了新的混合自动曝光模式，让您可以手动控制曝光的特定方面，同时让自动曝光 (AE) 算法处理其余部分。您可以控制 ISO + AE 和曝光时间 + AE，与当前方法（您要么完全手动控制，要么完全依赖自动曝光）相比，可提供更大的灵活性。

fun setISOPriority() {
    // ... (Your existing code before the snippet) ...

    val availablePriorityModes = mStaticInfo.characteristics.get(
        CameraCharacteristics.CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_PRIORITY_MODES
    )

    // ... (Your existing code between the snippets) ...

    // Turn on AE mode to set priority mode
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE,
        CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON
    )
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_PRIORITY_MODE,
        CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AE_PRIORITY_MODE_SENSOR_SENSITIVITY_PRIORITY
    )
    reqBuilder.set(
        CaptureRequest.SENSOR_SENSITIVITY,
        TEST_SENSITIVITY_VALUE
    )
    val request: CaptureRequest = reqBuilder.build()

    // ... (Your existing code after the snippet) ...
}

精确的色温和色调调整

Android 16 adds camera support for fine color temperature and tint adjustments to better support professional video recording applications. In previous Android versions, you could control white balance settings through CONTROL_AWB_MODE, which contains options limited to a preset list, such as Incandescent, Cloudy, and Twilight. The COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE_CCT enables the use of COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE and COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TINT for precise adjustments of white balance based on the correlated color temperature.

fun setCCT() {
    // ... (Your existing code before this point) ...

    val colorTemperatureRange: Range<Int> =
        mStaticInfo.characteristics[CameraCharacteristics.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE_RANGE]

    // Set to manual mode to enable CCT mode
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AWB_MODE] = CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AWB_MODE_OFF
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE] = CameraMetadata.COLOR_CORRECTION_MODE_CCT
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TEMPERATURE] = 5000
    reqBuilder[CaptureRequest.COLOR_CORRECTION_COLOR_TINT] = 30

    val request: CaptureRequest = reqBuilder.build()

    // ... (Your existing code after this point) ...
}

The following examples show how a photo would look after applying different color temperature and tint adjustments:

相机夜间模式场景检测

为了帮助应用了解何时切换到夜间模式相机会话以及何时从夜间模式相机会话切换出，Android 16 添加了 EXTENSION_NIGHT_MODE_INDICATOR。如果受支持，则可在 Camera2 内的 CaptureResult 中使用。

这是我们在Instagram 如何让用户拍出令人惊艳的低光照片博文中提到的即将推出的 API。该博文提供了有关如何实现夜间模式的实用指南，并附有一份案例研究，该案例研究将应用内夜间模式照片质量的提升与通过应用内相机分享的照片数量的增加联系起来。

动态照片拍摄 intent 操作

Android 16 添加了标准 intent 操作 ACTION_MOTION_PHOTO_CAPTURE 和 ACTION_MOTION_PHOTO_CAPTURE_SECURE，用于请求相机应用拍摄动态照片并将其返回。

您必须传递额外的 EXTRA_OUTPUT 来控制将图片写入的位置，或者通过 Intent.setClipData(ClipData) 传递 Uri。如果您未设置 ClipData，系统会在调用 Context.startActivity(Intent) 时将其复制到该位置。

UltraHDR 图片增强功能

Android 16 继续致力于通过 UltraHDR 图片提供出色的图片质量。它添加了对 HEIC 文件格式的 UltraHDR 图片的支持。这些图片将获得 ImageFormat 类型 HEIC_ULTRAHDR，并包含类似于现有 UltraHDR JPEG 格式的嵌入式增益图。我们还在努力为 UltraHDR 添加 AVIF 支持，敬请期待。

此外，Android 16 在 UltraHDR 中实现了 ISO 21496-1 草稿标准中的其他参数，包括能够获取和设置应应用增益图算法的色彩空间，以及支持使用 SDR 增益图的 HDR 编码基础图片。

图形

Android 16 包含最新的图形改进，例如使用 AGSL 实现自定义图形效果。

使用 AGSL 实现自定义图形效果

Android 16 添加了 RuntimeColorFilter 和 RuntimeXfermode，让您可以创作阈值、Sepia 和 Hue Saturation 等复杂效果，并将其应用于绘制调用。从 Android 13 开始，您可以使用 AGSL 创建扩展 Shader 的自定义 RuntimeShader。新 API 反映了这一点，添加了由 AGSL 驱动的 RuntimeColorFilter（用于扩展 ColorFilter）和 Xfermode 效果，让您可以在源像素和目标像素之间实现基于 AGSL 的自定义合成和混合。

private val thresholdEffectString = """
    uniform half threshold;

    half4 main(half4 c) {
        half luminosity = dot(c.rgb, half3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));
        half bw = step(threshold, luminosity);
        return bw.xxx1 * c.a;
    }"""

fun setCustomColorFilter(paint: Paint) {
   val filter = RuntimeColorFilter(thresholdEffectString)
   filter.setFloatUniform(0.5);
   paint.colorFilter = filter
}

连接

Android 16 更新了平台，让您的应用能够使用通信和无线技术方面的最新进展。

测距功能（增强型安全）

Android 16 adds support for robust security features in Wi-Fi location on supported devices with Wi-Fi 6's 802.11az, allowing apps to combine the higher accuracy, greater scalability, and dynamic scheduling of the protocol with security enhancements including AES-256-based encryption and protection against MITM attacks. This allows it to be used more safely in proximity use cases, such as unlocking a laptop or a vehicle door. 802.11az is integrated with the Wi-Fi 6 standard, leveraging its infrastructure and capabilities for wider adoption and easier deployment.

通用测距 API

Android 16 包含新的 RangingManager，它提供了在受支持的硬件上确定本地设备与远程设备之间的距离和角度的方法。RangingManager 支持使用各种测距技术，例如 BLE 信道声音探测、基于 BLE RSSI 的测距、超宽带和 Wi-Fi 往返时间。

配套设备管理器设备存在情况

Android 16 中引入了用于绑定配套应用服务的新 API。当 BLE 在范围内且蓝牙处于连接状态时，系统会绑定服务；当 BLE 不在范围内或蓝牙处于断开连接状态时，系统会解除绑定服务。应用将根据各种 DevicePresenceEvent 收到新的 'onDevicePresenceEvent()' 回调。如需了解详情，请参阅 'startObservingDevicePresence(ObservingDevicePresenceRequest)'。

媒体

Android 16 包含各种可提升媒体体验的功能。

改进了照片选择器

照片选择器为用户提供了一种安全的内置授权方式，让用户可以向应用授予对本地存储空间和云端存储空间中所选图片和视频的访问权限，而不是对整个媒体库的访问权限。通过 Google 系统更新和 Google Play 服务组合使用模块化系统组件，该工具向后支持到 Android 4.4（API 级别 19）。只需几行代码即可与相关的 Android Jetpack 库集成。

Android 16 对照片选择器进行了以下改进：

• 嵌入式照片选择器：新 API，可让应用将照片选择器嵌入其视图层次结构中。这样，它就感觉像是应用中更为集成的一部分，同时仍可利用进程隔离功能，让用户能够选择媒体，而无需应用拥有过于宽泛的权限。为了最大限度地提高跨平台版本的兼容性并简化集成，如果您想集成嵌入式照片选择器，则需要使用即将推出的 Android Jetpack 库。
• 照片选择器中的云搜索：新的 API 可让 Android 照片选择器从云端媒体提供商中进行搜索。照片选择器中的搜索功能即将推出。

高级专业视频

Android 16 引入了对高级专业视频 (APV) 编解码器的支持，该编解码器专为专业级高品质视频录制和后期制作而设计。

APV 编解码器标准具有以下特点：

• 感知上无损的视频画质（接近原始视频画质）
• 复杂度低且吞吐量高的仅帧内编码（无像素域预测），以更好地支持编辑工作流
• 支持高比特率范围（最高几十 Gbps），适用于 2K、4K 和 8K 分辨率内容，由轻量级熵编码方案实现
• 帧平铺，用于沉浸式内容和启用并行编码和解码
• 支持各种色度采样格式和位深
• 支持多次解码和重新编码，且不会严重降低视觉质量
• 支持多视图视频和辅助视频，例如深度、Alpha 和预览
• 支持 HDR10/10+ 和用户定义的元数据

OpenAPV 项目提供了 APV 的参考实现。Android 16 将实现对 APV 422-10 配置文件的支持，该配置文件提供 YUV 422 色彩采样以及 10 位编码，并且目标比特率最高可达 2 Gbps。

隐私权

Android 16 包含多种有助于应用开发者保护用户隐私的功能。

健康数据共享更新

Health Connect 添加了 ACTIVITY_INTENSITY，这是一种根据世界卫生组织关于中等强度和剧烈强度活动的指南定义的数据类型。每个记录都需要提供开始时间、结束时间以及活动强度（中等或剧烈）。

Health Connect 还包含支持医疗记录的更新版 API。这样一来，应用便可在征得用户明确同意的情况下，读取和写入 FHIR 格式的医疗记录。

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 16 incorporates the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android, part of our ongoing work to develop technologies where users know their privacy is protected. Our website has more about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer beta program to help you get started. Check out the SDK Runtime which allows SDKs to run in a dedicated runtime environment separate from the app they are serving, providing stronger safeguards around user data collection and sharing.

安全

Android 16 包含有助于增强应用安全性和保护应用数据的功能。

密钥共享 API

Android 16 添加了一些 API，这些 API 支持与其他应用共享对 Android Keystore 密钥的访问权限。新的 KeyStoreManager 类支持按应用 uid 授予和撤消对密钥的访问权限，并包含一个供应用访问共享密钥的 API。

设备规格

Android 16 为您的应用提供支持，让您充分利用 Android 的设备类型。

电视的标准化画质和音质框架

The new MediaQuality package in Android 16 exposes a set of standardized APIs for access to audio and picture profiles and hardware-related settings. This allows streaming apps to query profiles and apply them to media dynamically:

• Movies mastered with a wider dynamic range require greater color accuracy to see subtle details in shadows and adjust to ambient light, so a profile that prefers color accuracy over brightness may be appropriate.
• Live sporting events are often mastered with a narrow dynamic range, but are often watched in daylight, so a profile that preferences brightness over color accuracy can give better results.
• Fully interactive content wants minimal processing to reduce latency, and wants higher frame rates, which is why many TV's ship with a game profile.

The API allows apps to switch between profiles and users to enjoy tuning supported TVs to best suit their content.

国际化

Android 16 新增了多项功能，可在设备以不同语言运行时提升用户体验。

竖排文字

Android 16 adds low-level support for rendering and measuring text vertically to provide foundational vertical writing support for library developers. This is particularly useful for languages like Japanese that commonly use vertical writing systems. A new flag, VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG, has been added to the Paint class. When this flag is set using Paint.setFlags, Paint's text measurement APIs will report vertical advances instead of horizontal advances, and Canvas will draw text vertically.

val text = "「春は、曙。」"
Box(
    Modifier.padding(innerPadding).background(Color.White).fillMaxSize().drawWithContent {
        drawIntoCanvas { canvas ->
            val paint = Paint().apply { textSize = 64.sp.toPx() }
            // Draw text vertically
            paint.flags = paint.flags or VERTICAL_TEXT_FLAG
            val height = paint.measureText(text)
            canvas.nativeCanvas.drawText(
                text,
                0,
                text.length,
                size.width / 2,
                (size.height - height) / 2,
                paint
            )
        }
    }
) {}

自定义度量衡制

Users can now customize their measurement system in regional preferences within Settings. The user preference is included as part of the locale code, so you can register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

Using formatters can help match the local experience. For example, "0.5 in" in English (United States), is "12,7 mm" for a user who has set their phone to English (Denmark) or who uses their phone in English (United States) with the metric system as the measurement system preference.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & region.