Come le release precedenti, Android 16 include modifiche del comportamento che potrebbero influire sulla tua app. Le seguenti modifiche del comportamento si applicano esclusivamente alle app che hanno come target Android 16 o versioni successive. Se la tua app ha come target Android 16 o versioni successive, devi modificarla in modo da supportare questi comportamenti, ove applicabile.
Assicurati di esaminare anche l'elenco delle modifiche al comportamento che interessano tutte le app in esecuzione su Android 16, indipendentemente dal targetSdkVersion
della tua app.
Esperienza utente e interfaccia utente di sistema
Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche volte a creare un'esperienza utente più coerente e intuitiva.
Ritiro del consenso per la visualizzazione edge-to-edge
Android 15 enforced edge-to-edge for apps targeting Android 15 (API
level 35), but your app could opt-out by setting
R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement
to true
. For apps
targeting Android 16 (API level 36),
R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement
is deprecated and disabled, and your
app can't opt-out of going edge-to-edge.
- If your app targets Android 16 (API level 36) and is running on an
Android 15 device,
R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement
continues to work. - If your app targets Android 16 (API level 36) and is running on an
Android 16 device,
R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement
is disabled.
For testing in Android 16 Beta 3, ensure your app supports edge-to-edge and
remove any use of R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement
so that your app
also supports edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device. To support edge-to-edge,
see the Compose and Views guidance.
Migrazione o disattivazione richiesta per il ritorno predittivo
For apps targeting Android 16 (API level 36) or higher and running on an
Android 16 or higher device, the predictive back system animations
(back-to-home, cross-task, and cross-activity) are enabled by default.
Additionally, onBackPressed
is not called and
KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK
is not dispatched anymore.
If your app intercepts the back event and you haven't migrated to predictive
back yet, update your app to use supported back navigation APIs. or
temporarily opt out by setting the
android:enableOnBackInvokedCallback
attribute to false
in the
<application>
or <activity>
tag of your app's AndroidManifest.xml
file.
API dei caratteri eleganti ritirate e disattivate
Apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) have the
elegantTextHeight
TextView
attribute set to true
by
default, replacing the compact font with one that is much more readable. You
could override this by setting the elegantTextHeight
attribute to false
.
Android 16 deprecates the
elegantTextHeight
attribute,
and the attribute will be ignored once your app targets Android 16. The "UI
fonts" controlled by these APIs are being discontinued, so you should adapt any
layouts to ensure consistent and future proof text rendering in Arabic, Lao,
Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Telugu or Thai.

elegantTextHeight
behavior for apps targeting Android
14 (API level 34) and lower, or for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35)
that overrode the default by setting the elegantTextHeight
attribute to false
.
elegantTextHeight
behavior for apps targeting Android
16, or for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) that didn't override the
default by setting the elegantTextHeight
attribute to
false
.Funzionalità di base
Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche che modificano o ampliano varie funzionalità di base del sistema Android.
Ottimizzazione della pianificazione del lavoro con tariffa fissa
Prior to targeting Android 16, when scheduleAtFixedRate
missed a task execution due to being outside a valid
process lifecycle, all missed executions immediately
execute when the app returns to a valid lifecycle.
When targeting Android 16, at most one missed execution of
scheduleAtFixedRate
is immediately executed when the app
returns to a valid lifecycle. This behavior change is expected to improve app
performance. Test this behavior in your app to check if your app is impacted.
You can also test by using the app compatibility framework
and enabling the STPE_SKIP_MULTIPLE_MISSED_PERIODIC_TASKS
compat flag.
Fattori di forma del dispositivo
Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche per le app quando vengono visualizzate su dispositivi con schermi di grandi dimensioni.
Layout adattivi
Ora che le app per Android vengono eseguite su una serie di dispositivi (come smartphone, tablet, pieghevoli, computer, auto e TV) e modalità di visualizzazione su schermi di grandi dimensioni (come schermo diviso e visualizzazione in finestra su computer), gli sviluppatori devono creare app per Android che si adattino a qualsiasi dimensione dello schermo e della finestra, indipendentemente dall'orientamento del dispositivo. Paradigmi come la limitazione dell'orientamento e la possibilità di ridimensionamento sono troppo restrittivi nel mondo di oggi, in cui sono presenti più dispositivi.
Ignora le limitazioni relative a orientamento, ridimensionamento e proporzioni
Per le app che hanno come target Android 16 (livello API 36), Android 16 include modifiche al modo in cui il sistema gestisce le limitazioni relative a orientamento, ridimensionamento e proporzioni. Sui display con larghezza minima >= 600 dp, le limitazioni non si applicano più. Inoltre, le app riempiono l'intera finestra di visualizzazione, indipendentemente dalle proporzioni o dall'orientamento preferito dall'utente, e non viene utilizzato il pillarboxing.
Questa modifica introduce un nuovo comportamento standard della piattaforma. Android si sta muovendo verso un modello in cui le app devono adattarsi a vari orientamenti, dimensioni dei display e proporzioni. Restrizioni come l'orientamento fisso o il ridimensionamento limitato ostacolano l'adattabilità dell'app, pertanto ti consigliamo di rendere l'app adattabile per offrire la migliore esperienza utente possibile.
Puoi anche testare questo comportamento utilizzando il
framework di compatibilità delle app e attivando il flag di compatibilità UNIVERSAL_RESIZABLE_BY_DEFAULT
.
Modifiche che provocano un errore comuni
Se ignori le limitazioni relative all'orientamento, alla modifica delle dimensioni e alle proporzioni, l'interfaccia utente della tua app potrebbe essere interessata su alcuni dispositivi, in particolare gli elementi progettati per layout ridotti bloccati in orientamento verticale: ad esempio, problemi come layout allungati, animazioni e componenti off-screen. Qualsiasi supposizione sull'aspetto o sull'orientamento può causare problemi visivi con la tua app. Scopri di più su come evitarli e migliorare il comportamento adattativo della tua app.
Se consenti la rotazione del dispositivo, le attività vengono ricreate più spesso, il che può comportare la perdita dello stato dell'utente se non viene conservato correttamente. Scopri come salvare correttamente lo stato dell'interfaccia utente in Salvare gli stati dell'interfaccia utente.
Dettagli di implementazione
I seguenti attributi manifest e API di runtime vengono ignorati sui dispositivi con schermo di grandi dimensioni nelle modalità a schermo intero e con più finestre:
screenOrientation
resizableActivity
minAspectRatio
maxAspectRatio
setRequestedOrientation()
getRequestedOrientation()
I seguenti valori per screenOrientation
, setRequestedOrientation()
e
getRequestedOrientation()
vengono ignorati:
portrait
reversePortrait
sensorPortrait
userPortrait
landscape
reverseLandscape
sensorLandscape
userLandscape
Per quanto riguarda la modifica delle dimensioni del display, android:resizeableActivity="false"
,
android:minAspectRatio
e android:maxAspectRatio
non hanno alcun effetto.
Per le app destinate ad Android 16 (livello API 36), le limitazioni relative a orientamento, ridimensionamento e proporzioni delle app vengono ignorate sugli schermi di grandi dimensioni per impostazione predefinita, ma ogni app non completamente pronta può ignorare temporaneamente questo comportamento disattivando l'opzione (il che comporta il comportamento precedente di inserimento in modalità di compatibilità).
Eccezioni
Le limitazioni relative a orientamento, ridimensionamento e proporzioni di Android 16 non si applicano nelle seguenti situazioni:
- Giochi (in base al flag
android:appCategory
) - Utenti che attivano esplicitamente il comportamento predefinito dell'app nelle impostazioni delle proporzioni del dispositivo
- Schermi di dimensioni inferiori a
sw600dp
Disattivare temporaneamente
Per disattivare un'attività specifica, dichiara la proprietà manifestPROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY
:
<activity ...>
<property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY" android:value="true" />
...
</activity>
Se troppe parti della tua app non sono pronte per Android 16, puoi disattivare completamente la funzionalità applicando la stessa proprietà a livello di applicazione:
<application ...>
<property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY" android:value="true" />
</application>
Salute e fitness
Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche relative ai dati di salute e fitness.
Autorizzazioni per salute e fitness
For apps targeting Android 16 (API level 36) or higher,
BODY_SENSORS
permissions are transitioning to the
granular permissions under android.permissions.health
also used by Health
Connect. Any API previously requiring BODY_SENSORS
or
BODY_SENSORS_BACKGROUND
now requires the corresponding
android.permissions.health
permission. This affects the following data types,
APIs, and foreground service types:
HEART_RATE_BPM
from Wear Health ServicesSensor.TYPE_HEART_RATE
from Android Sensor ManagerheartRateAccuracy
andheartRateBpm
from WearProtoLayout
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
where the respectiveandroid.permission.health
permission is needed in place ofBODY_SENSORS
If your app uses these APIs, it should now request the respective granular permissions:
- For while-in-use monitoring of Heart Rate, SpO2, or Skin Temperature:
request the granular permission under
android.permissions.health
, such asREAD_HEART_RATE
instead ofBODY_SENSORS
. - For background sensor access: request
READ_HEALTH_DATA_IN_BACKGROUND
instead ofBODY_SENSORS_BACKGROUND
.
These permissions are the same as those that guard access to reading data from Health Connect, the Android datastore for health, fitness, and wellness data.
Mobile apps
Mobile apps migrating to use the READ_HEART_RATE
and other granular
permissions must also declare an activity to display
the app's privacy policy. This is the same requirement as Health Connect.
Connettività
Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche allo stack Bluetooth per migliorare la connettività con i dispositivi periferici.
Nuovi intent per gestire la perdita di obbligazioni e le modifiche alla crittografia
As part of the Improved bond loss handling, Android 16 also introduces 2 new intents to provide apps with greater awareness of bond loss and encryption changes.
Apps targeting Android 16 can now:
- Receive an
ACTION_KEY_MISSING
intent when remote bond loss is detected, allowing them to provide more informative user feedback and take appropriate actions. - Receive an
ACTION_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE
intent whenever encryption status of the link changes. This includes encryption status change, encryption algorithm change, and encryption key size change. Apps must consider the bond restored if the link is successfully encrypted upon receivingACTION_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE
intent later.
If your app currently uses custom mechanisms for bond loss handling, migrate to
the new intent ACTION_KEY_MISSING
to detect and manage bond loss
events. We recommend your app guide the user to confirm the remote device is in
range before initiating device forgetting and re-pairing.
Moreover, if a device disconnects after ACTION_KEY_MISSING
intent
is received, your app should be mindful about reconnecting to the device as that
device may no longer be bonded with the system.
Sicurezza
Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche alla sicurezza.
Blocco della versione di MediaStore
For apps targeting Android 16 or higher, MediaStore#getVersion()
will now
be unique to each app. This eliminates identifying properties from the version
string to prevent abuse and usage for fingerprinting techniques. Apps shouldn't
make any assumptions around the format of this version. Apps should already
handle version changes when using this API and in most cases shouldn't need to
change their current behavior, unless the developer has attempted to infer
additional information that is beyond the intended scope of this API.
Privacy
Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche alla privacy.
Autorizzazione di accesso alla rete locale
Devices on the LAN can be accessed by any app that has the INTERNET
permission.
This makes it easy for apps to connect to local devices but it also has privacy
implications such as forming a fingerprint of the user, and being a proxy for
location.
The Local Network Protections project aims to protect the user's privacy by gating access to the local network behind a new runtime permission.
Release plan
This change will be deployed between two releases, 25Q2 and TBD respectively. It is imperative that developers follow this guidance for 25Q2 and share feedback because these protections will be enforced at a later Android release. Moreover, they will need to update scenarios which depend on implicit local network access by using the following guidance and prepare for user rejection and revocation of the new permission.
Impact
At the current stage, LNP is an opt-in feature which means only the apps that opt in will be affected. The goal of the opt-in phase is for app developers to understand which parts of their app depend on implicit local network access such that they can prepare to permission guard them for the next release.
Apps will be affected if they access the user's local network using:
- Direct or library use of raw sockets on local network addresses (e.g. mDNS or SSDP service discovery protocol)
- Use of framework level classes that access the local network (e.g. NsdManager)
Traffic to and from a local network address requires local network access permission. The following table lists some common cases:
App Low Level Network Operation | Local Network Permission Required |
---|---|
Making an outgoing TCP connection | yes |
Accepting incoming TCP connections | yes |
Sending a UDP unicast, multicast, broadcast | yes |
Receiving an incoming UDP unicast, multicast, broadcast | yes |
These restrictions are implemented deep in the networking stack, and thus they apply to all networking APIs. This includes sockets created in native or managed code, networking libraries like Cronet and OkHttp, and any APIs implemented on top of those. Trying to resolve services on the local network (i.e. those with a .local suffix) will require local network permission.
Exceptions to the rules above:
- If a device's DNS server is on a local network, traffic to or from it (at port 53) doesn't require local network access permission.
- Applications using Output Switcher as their in-app picker won't need local network permissions (more guidance to come in 2025Q4).
Developer Guidance (Opt-in)
To opt into local network restrictions, do the following:
- Flash the device to a build with 25Q2 Beta 3 or later.
- Install the app to be tested.
Toggle the Appcompat flag in adb:
adb shell am compat enable RESTRICT_LOCAL_NETWORK <package_name>
Reboot The device
Now your app's access to the local network is restricted and any attempt to access the local network will lead to socket errors. If you are using APIs that perform local network operations outside of your app process (ex: NsdManager), they won't be impacted during the opt-in phase.
To restore access, you must grant your app permission to NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES
.
- Ensure the app declares the
NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES
permission in its manifest. - Go to Settings > Apps > [Application Name] > Permissions > Nearby devices > Allow.
Now your app's access to the local network should be restored and all your scenarios should work as they did prior to opting the app in.
Once enforcement for local network protection begins, here is how the app network traffic will be impacted.
Permission | Outbound LAN Request | Outbound/Inbound Internet Request | Inbound LAN Request |
---|---|---|---|
Granted | Works | Works | Works |
Not Granted | Fails | Works | Fails |
Use the following command to toggle-off the App-Compat flag
adb shell am compat disable RESTRICT_LOCAL_NETWORK <package_name>
Errors
Errors arising from these restrictions will be returned to the calling socket whenever it invokes send or a send variant to a local network address.
Example errors:
sendto failed: EPERM (Operation not permitted)
sendto failed: ECONNABORTED (Operation not permitted)
Local Network Definition
A local network in this project refers to an IP network that utilizes a broadcast-capable network interface, such as Wi-Fi or Ethernet, but excludes cellular (WWAN) or VPN connections.
The following are considered local networks:
IPv4:
- 169.254.0.0/16 // Link Local
- 100.64.0.0/10 // CGNAT
- 10.0.0.0/8 // RFC1918
- 172.16.0.0/12 // RFC1918
- 192.168.0.0/16 // RFC1918
IPv6:
- Link-local
- Directly-connected routes
- Stub networks like Thread
- Multiple-subnets (TBD)
Additionally, both multicast addresses (224.0.0.0/4, ff00::/8) and the IPv4 broadcast address (255.255.255.255) are classified as local network addresses.