Modifiche al comportamento: app che hanno come target Android 16 o versioni successive

Come le release precedenti, Android 16 include modifiche del comportamento che potrebbero influire sulla tua app. Le seguenti modifiche del comportamento si applicano esclusivamente alle app che hanno come target Android 16 o versioni successive. Se la tua app ha come target Android 16 o versioni successive, devi modificarla in modo da supportare questi comportamenti, ove applicabile.

Assicurati di esaminare anche l'elenco delle modifiche al comportamento che interessano tutte le app in esecuzione su Android 16, indipendentemente dal targetSdkVersion della tua app.

Esperienza utente e interfaccia utente di sistema

Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche volte a creare un'esperienza utente più coerente e intuitiva.

Ritiro del consenso per la visualizzazione edge-to-edge

Android 15 enforced edge-to-edge for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), but your app could opt-out by setting R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement to true. For apps targeting Android 16, R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement is deprecated and disabled, and your app can't opt-out of going edge-to-edge.

For testing in Android 16 Beta 2, ensure your app supports edge-to-edge and remove any use of R.attr#windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement. To support edge-to-edge, see the Compose and Views guidance. Let us know about concerns in our issue tracker on the feedback page.

Migrazione o disattivazione richiesta per il ritorno predittivo

For apps targeting Android 16 or higher and running on an Android 16 or higher device, the predictive back system animations (back-to-home, cross-task, and cross-activity) are enabled by default. Additionally, onBackPressed is not called and KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK is not dispatched anymore.

If your app intercepts the back event and you haven't migrated to predictive back yet, update your app to use supported back navigation APIs. or temporarily opt out by setting the android:enableOnBackInvokedCallback attribute to false in the <application> or <activity> tag of your app's AndroidManifest.xml file.

The predictive back-to-home animation.
The predictive cross-activity animation.
The predictive cross-task animation.

API dei caratteri eleganti ritirate e disattivate

Per le app che hanno come target Android 15 (livello API 35), l'attributo elegantTextHeight TextView è impostato su true per default, sostituendo il carattere compatto con uno molto più leggibile. Puoi eseguire l'override impostando l'attributo elegantTextHeight su false.

Android 16 ritira l'attributo elegantTextHeight, che verrà ignorato quando la tua app avrà come target Android 16. I " caratteri UI" controllati da queste API non saranno più disponibili, pertanto devi adattare i layout per garantire un rendering del testo coerente e adatto al futuro in arabo, lao, birmano, tamil, gujarati, kannada, malayalam, oriya, telugu o thai.

Il comportamento di
elegantTextHeight per le app che hanno come target Android 14 (livello API 34) e versioni precedenti o per le app che hanno come target Android 15 (livello API 35) che ha sostituito il valore predefinito impostando l'attributo elegantTextHeight su false.
Comportamento di elegantTextHeight per le app che hanno come target Android 16 o per le app che hanno come target Android 15 (livello API 35) che non hanno override il valore predefinito impostando l'attributo elegantTextHeight su false.

Funzionalità di base

Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche che modificano o ampliano varie funzionalità di base del sistema Android.

Ottimizzazione della pianificazione del lavoro con tariffa fissa

Prior to targeting Android 16, when scheduleAtFixedRate missed a task execution due to being outside a valid process lifecycle, all missed executions immediately execute when the app returns to a valid lifecycle.

When targeting Android 16, at most one missed execution of scheduleAtFixedRate is immediately executed when the app returns to a valid lifecycle. This behavior change is expected to improve app performance. Test this behavior in your app to check if your app is impacted. You can also test by using the app compatibility framework and enabling the STPE_SKIP_MULTIPLE_MISSED_PERIODIC_TASKS compat flag.

Fattori di forma del dispositivo

Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche per le app quando vengono visualizzate su dispositivi con schermi di grandi dimensioni.

Layout adattivi

With Android apps now running on a variety of devices (such as phones, tablets, foldables, desktops, cars, and TVs) and windowing modes on large screens (such as split screen and desktop windowing), developers should build Android apps that adapt to any screen and window size, regardless of device orientation. Paradigms like restricting orientation and resizability are too restrictive in today's multidevice world.

Ignore orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions

For apps targeting Android 16, Android 16 includes changes to how the system manages orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions. On displays with smallest width >= 600dp, the restrictions no longer apply. Apps also fill the entire display window, regardless of aspect ratio or a user's preferred orientation, and pillarboxing isn't used.

This change introduces a new standard platform behavior. Android is moving toward a model where apps are expected to adapt to various orientations, display sizes, and aspect ratios. Restrictions like fixed orientation or limited resizability hinder app adaptability, so we recommend making your app adaptive to deliver the best possible user experience.

You can also test this behavior by using the [app compatibility framework][a16-kilo-14] and enabling the UNIVERSAL_RESIZABLE_BY_DEFAULT compat flag.

Common breaking changes

Ignoring orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions might impact your app's UI on some devices, especially elements that were designed for small layouts locked in portrait orientation: for example, issues like stretched layouts and off-screen animations and components. Any assumptions about aspect ratio or orientation can cause visual issues with your app. Learn more about how to avoid them and improve your app's adaptive behaviour.

Allowing device rotation results in more activity re-creation, which can result in losing user state if not properly preserved. Learn how to correctly save UI state in Save UI states.

Implementation details

The following manifest attributes and runtime APIs are ignored across large screen devices in full-screen and multi-window modes:

The following values for screenOrientation, setRequestedOrientation(), and getRequestedOrientation() are ignored:

  • portrait
  • reversePortrait
  • sensorPortrait
  • userPortrait
  • landscape
  • reverseLandscape
  • sensorLandscape
  • userLandscape

Regarding display resizability, android:resizeableActivity="false", android:minAspectRatio, and android:maxAspectRatio have no effect.

For apps targeting Android 16, app orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio constraints are ignored on large screens by default, but every app that isn't fully ready can temporarily override this behavior by opting out (which results in the previous behavior of being placed in compatibility mode).

Exceptions

The Android 16 orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions don't apply in the following situations:

  • Games (based on the android:appCategory flag)
  • Users explicitly opting in to the app's default behavior in aspect ratio settings of the device
  • Screens that are smaller than sw600dp

Opt out temporarily

To opt out a specific activity, declare the PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY manifest property:

<activity ...>
  <property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY" android:value="true" />
  ...
</activity>

If too many parts of your app aren't ready for Android 16, you can opt out completely by applying the same property at the application level:

<application ...>
  <property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY" android:value="true" />
</application>

Salute e fitness

Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche relative ai dati di salute e fitness.

Autorizzazioni per salute e fitness

For apps targeting Android 16 or higher, BODY_SENSORS permissions are transitioning to the granular permissions under android.permissions.health also used by Health Connect. Any API previously requiring BODY_SENSORS or BODY_SENSORS_BACKGROUND now requires the corresponding android.permissions.health permission. This affects the following data types, APIs, and foreground service types:

If your app uses these APIs, it should now request the respective granular permissions:

These permissions are the same as those that guard access to reading data from Health Connect, the Android datastore for health, fitness, and wellness data.

Mobile apps

Mobile apps migrating to use the READ_HEART_RATE and other granular permissions must also declare an activity to display the app's privacy policy. This is the same requirement as Health Connect.

Connettività

Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche allo stack Bluetooth per migliorare la connettività con i dispositivi periferici.

Nuovi intent per gestire la perdita di obbligazioni e le modifiche alla crittografia

As part of the Improved bond loss handling, Android 16 also introduces 2 new intents to provide apps with greater awareness of bond loss and encryption changes.

Apps targeting Android 16 can now:

  • Receive an ACTION_KEY_MISSING intent when remote bond loss is detected, allowing them to provide more informative user feedback and take appropriate actions.
  • Receive an ACTION_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE intent whenever encryption status of the link changes. This includes encryption status change, encryption algorithm change, and encryption key size change. Apps must consider the bond restored if the link is successfully encrypted upon receiving ACTION_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE intent later.

If your app currently uses custom mechanisms for bond loss handling, migrate to the new intent ACTION_KEY_MISSING to detect and manage bond loss events. We recommend your app guide the user to confirm the remote device is in range before initiating device forgetting and re-pairing.

Moreover, if a device disconnects after ACTION_KEY_MISSING intent is received, your app should be mindful about reconnecting to the device as that device may no longer be bonded with the system.

Sicurezza

Android 16 (livello API 36) include le seguenti modifiche alla sicurezza.

Blocco della versione di MediaStore

For apps targeting Android 16 or higher, MediaStore#getVersion() will now be unique to each app. This eliminates identifying properties from the version string to prevent abuse and usage for fingerprinting techniques. Apps shouldn't make any assumptions around the format of this version. Apps should already handle version changes when using this API and in most cases shouldn't need to change their current behavior, unless the developer has attempted to infer additional information that is beyond the intended scope of this API.