Android 15 では、デベロッパー向けに優れた新しい機能と API が導入されています。以下のセクションでは、関連する API の使用を開始するにあたって役立つ機能の概要を示します。
新しい API、変更した API、削除された API の詳細なリストについては、API 差分レポートをご覧ください。新しい API について詳しくは、Android API リファレンスをご覧ください。新しい API は、見つけやすいようにハイライト表示されています。また、プラットフォームの変更がアプリに影響する領域については、Android 15 の Android 15 をターゲットとするアプリに影響する動作変更と、targetSdkVersion
に関係なくすべてのアプリに影響する動作変更をご確認ください。カメラとメディア
Android 15 には、カメラとメディアのエクスペリエンスを向上させるさまざまな機能が搭載されています。これにより、クリエイターが Android でビジョンを具現化できるよう、ツールやハードウェアにアクセスできるようになります。
ローライト ブースト
Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, a new auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables new camera capabilities, such as:
- Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
- Scanning QR codes in low light
If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.
Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.
For more information, see Low Light Boost.
アプリ内カメラ コントロール
Android 15 adds a new extension for more control over the camera hardware and its algorithms on supported devices:
- Advanced flash strength adjustments enabling precise control of flash
intensity in both
SINGLE
andTORCH
modes while capturing images.
HDR ヘッドルーム コントロール
Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device
capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR
content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this
behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR
content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with
setDesiredHdrHeadroom
to strike a balance between SDR
and HDR content.
ラウドネス コントロール
Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.
To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in
your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you
instantiate a LoudnessCodecController
object by
calling its create factory method with the audio
session ID from the associated AudioTrack
; this
automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an
OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener
to modify or filter
loudness parameters before they are applied on the
MediaCodec
.
// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
.setSessionId(sessionId)
.build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
// Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}
AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the
LoudnessCodecController
APIs for a seamless app integration.
仮想 MIDI 2.0 デバイス
Android 13 added support for connecting to MIDI 2.0 devices using USB, which communicate using Universal MIDI Packets (UMP). Android 15 extends UMP support to virtual MIDI apps, enabling composition apps to control synthesizer apps as a virtual MIDI 2.0 device just like they would with an USB MIDI 2.0 device.
接続性
Android 15 ではプラットフォームが更新され、最新の通信機能をアプリが利用できるようになります。
衛星のサポート
Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.
Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork()
to
detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of
why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15
provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use
satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.
NFC 操作がよりスムーズに
Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and
reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On
supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter
to enter
observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC
readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame
objects to process. The PollingFrame
objects can be used to auth
ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap
transaction in many cases.
In addition, apps can now register a fingerprint on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.
ウォレットの役割
Android 15 では、ユーザーが使用するウォレット アプリとより緊密に統合できるウォレットの新しいロールが導入されています。このロールは、NFC のデフォルトの非接触型決済の設定に代わるものです。ウォレットのロールを保持するユーザーは、[設定] > [アプリ] > [デフォルト アプリ] に移動して管理できます。
ウォレットのロールは、支払いカテゴリに登録されている AID に NFC タップをルーティングする場合に使用します。同じ AID に登録されている別のアプリがフォアグラウンドで実行されている場合を除き、タップは常にウォレットのロール所有者に移動します。
このロールは、ウォレットのクイックアクセス タイルが有効な場合にどこに配置するかを決定するためにも使用されます。ロールが「なし」に設定されている場合、QuickAccess タイルは使用できず、支払いカテゴリの NFC タップはフォアグラウンド アプリにのみ配信されます。
デベロッパーの生産性とツール
生産性を向上させるための Google の取り組みのほとんどは Android Studio、Jetpack Compose、Android Jetpack ライブラリなどのツールを中心に据えていますが、Google はビジョンの実現を容易にする方法を常に模索しています。
PDF の改善
Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer
APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering
password-protected files, annotations, form editing,
searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF
optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use.
The PdfRenderer
has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google
Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting
these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible
pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called
PdfRendererPreV
.
We value your feedback on the enhancements we've made to the PdfRenderer
API
surface, and we plan to make it even easier to incorporate these APIs into your
app with an upcoming Android Jetpack library.
言語の自動切り替えの改良
Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic
switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped,
especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two
utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching
to their use case.
EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS
confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while
EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES
deactivates the
language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are
particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken
during the session that should be autodetected.
細かな改行コントロール
Starting in Android 15, a TextView
and the underlying
line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve
readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using
the <nobreak>
tag in string resources or
createNoBreakSpan
. Similarly, you can preserve words from
hyphenation by using the <nohyphen>
tag or
createNoHyphenationSpan
.
For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:
<resources>
<string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>
In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak>
tag, which wraps the
phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:
<resources>
<string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>
The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:
OpenJDK 17 の更新
Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.
The following key features and improvements are included:
- Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
- Streams
- Additional
math
andstrictmath
methods util
package updates including sequencedcollection
,map
, andset
ByteBuffer
support inDeflater
- Security updates such as
X500PrivateCredential
and security key updates
These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.
アプリのアーカイブ
Android and Google Play announced support for app archiving last year, allowing users to free up space by partially removing infrequently used apps from the device that were published using Android App Bundle on Google Play. Android 15 now includes OS level support for app archiving and unarchiving, making it easier for all app stores to implement it.
Apps with the REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES
permission can call the
PackageInstaller
requestArchive
method to request archiving an
installed app package, which removes the APK and any cached files, but persists
user data. Archived apps are returned as displayable apps through the
LauncherApps
APIs; users will see a UI treatment to highlight that those
apps are archived. If a user taps on an archived app, the responsible installer
will get a request to unarchive it, and the restoration process can be
monitored by the ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED
broadcast.
ユーザー補助
Android 15 には、ユーザーのユーザー補助機能を向上させる機能が追加されています。
点字の改善
In Android 15, we've made it possible for TalkBack to support Braille displays that are using the HID standard over both USB and secure Bluetooth.
This standard, much like the one used by mice and keyboards, will help Android support a wider range of Braille displays over time.
大画面とフォーム ファクタ
Android 15 は、大画面、フリップ式、折りたたみ式デバイスなど、Android のフォーム ファクタを最大限に活用するためのサポートをアプリに提供します。
カバー画面のサポート
Your app can declare a property that Android 15 uses to
allow your Application
or Activity
to be presented on the small cover
screens of supported flippable devices. These screens are too small to be
considered as compatible targets for Android apps to run on, but your app can
opt in to supporting them, making your app available in more places.
パフォーマンスとバッテリー
Android は、引き続きアプリのパフォーマンスと品質の改善のサポートに重点を置いています。Android 15 では、アプリ内のタスクの実行、アプリのパフォーマンスの最適化、アプリに関する分析情報の収集に役立つ新しい API が導入されています。
ApplicationStartInfo API
In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was
challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm,
or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the
various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate
, drawing the
first frame, and more. When your Application
class was instantiated, you had no
way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a
job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity
.
The ApplicationStartInfo
API on Android 15 provides
all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the
flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting
metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo
to help directly optimize app
startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related
libraries within your Application
class when your app is starting up due to a
broadcast.
アプリサイズの詳細情報
Since Android 8.0 (API level 26), Android has included the
StorageStats.getAppBytes
API that summarizes the installed
size of an app as a single number of bytes, which is a sum of the APK size, the
size of files extracted from the APK, and files that were generated on the
device such as ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled code. This number is not very
insightful in terms of how your app is using storage.
Android 15 adds the
StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type])
API, which lets
you get insight into how your app is using up all that space, including APK file
splits, AOT and speedup related code, dex metadata, libraries, and guided
profiles.
アプリ管理プロファイリング
Android 15 includes the all-new ProfilingManager
class, which lets you
collect profiling information from within your app. We're planning to wrap this
with an Android Jetpack API that will simplify construction of profiling
requests, but the core API will allow the collection of heap dumps, heap
profiles, stack sampling, and more. It provides a callback to your app with a
supplied tag to identify the output file, which is delivered to your app's files
directory. The API does rate limiting to minimize the performance impact.
SQLite データベースの改善
Android 15 では、基盤となる SQLite エンジンの高度な機能を公開する新しい SQLite API が導入されています。これらの API は、アプリに現れる特定のパフォーマンス問題を対象としています。
デベロッパーは、特に大規模なデータベースを扱う場合や、レイテンシの影響を受けやすいクエリを実行する場合は、SQLite のパフォーマンスに関するベスト プラクティスを参照して SQLite データベースを最大限に活用する必要があります。
- 読み取り専用の遅延トランザクション: 読み取り専用のトランザクション(書き込みステートメントを含まない)を発行する場合は、
beginTransactionReadOnly()
とbeginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener)
を使用して読み取り専用のDEFERRED
トランザクションを発行します。このようなトランザクションは相互に同時に実行でき、データベースが WAL モードの場合、IMMEDIATE
またはEXCLUSIVE
トランザクションと同時に実行できます。 - 行数と ID: 追加のクエリを発行せずに、変更された行の数または最後に挿入された行 ID を取得できる新しい API が追加されました。
getLastChangedRowCount()
は、現在のトランザクション内の最新の SQL ステートメントによって挿入、更新、削除された行数を返します。getTotalChangedRowCount()
は現在の接続の数を返します。getLastInsertRowId()
は、現在の接続に挿入される最後の行のrowid
を返します。 - 未加工ステートメント: 未処理の SQlite ステートメントを発行し、コンビニエンス ラッパーや追加の処理オーバーヘッドをバイパスします。
Android Dynamic Performance Framework のアップデート
Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 will add new ADPF capabilities:
- A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
- GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
- Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.
To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.
プライバシー
Android 15 には、アプリ デベロッパーがユーザーのプライバシーを保護するために役立つさまざまな機能が用意されています。
画面録画の検出
Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.
val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
// We're being recorded
} else {
// We're not being recorded
}
}
override fun onStart() {
super.onStart()
val initialState =
windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
mCallback.accept(initialState)
}
override fun onStop() {
super.onStop()
windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}
IntentFilter 機能の拡張
Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent
resolution through
UriRelativeFilterGroup
, which contains a set of
UriRelativeFilter
objects that form a set of Intent
matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL
fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.
These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest
XML file with the new
<uri-relative-filter-group>
tag, which can optionally include an
android:allow
tag. These tags can contain <data>
tags that use existing data
tag attributes as well as the new android:query
and android:fragment
attributes.
Here's an example of the AndroidManifest
syntax:
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
<data android:scheme="http" />
<data android:scheme="https" />
<data android:domain="astore.com" />
<uri-relative-filter-group>
<data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
<data android:query="region=na" />
</uri-relative-filter-group>
<uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
<data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
<data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
</uri-relative-filter-group>
<uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
<data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
<data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
</uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>
Android 版プライバシー サンドボックス
Android 15 includes the latest Android Ad Services extensions, incorporating the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android. This addition is part of our work to develop new technologies that improve user privacy and enable effective, personalized advertising experiences for mobile apps. Our privacy sandbox page has more information about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer preview and beta programs to help you get started.
ヘルスコネクト
Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for new data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.
Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.
Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:
- Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
- Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.
Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.
部分的画面共有
Android 15 supports partial screen sharing so users can share or record just an
app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in
Android 14 QPR2, includes
MediaProjection
callbacks that allow your app
to customize the partial screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting
Android 14 (API level 34) or higher,
user consent is now required for each
MediaProjection
capture session.
セキュリティ
Android 15 では、アプリのセキュリティを強化し、アプリのデータを保護できます。
エンドツーエンドの暗号化のための鍵管理
We are introducing the E2eeContactKeysManager
in Android 15, which
facilitates end-to-end encryption (E2EE) in your Android apps by providing an
OS-level API for the storage of cryptographic public keys.
The E2eeContactKeysManager
is designed to integrate with the platform
contacts app to give users a centralized way to manage and verify their
contacts' public keys.
fs-verity を使用してファイルを保護する
ユーザー エクスペリエンス
Android 15 では、アプリ デベロッパーとユーザーは、ニーズに合わせてデバイスをきめ細かく柔軟に設定できます。
サイレント モード ルールの改善
AutomaticZenRule
を使用すると、アプリはアテンション管理(サイレント モード)ルールをカスタマイズし、いつ有効にするか無効にするかを決定できます。Android 15 では、ユーザー エクスペリエンスの向上を目的として、これらのルールが大幅に強化されています。次の機能強化が含まれています。
AutomaticZenRule
にタイプを追加し、システムで一部のルールに特別な処理を適用できるようにしました。AutomaticZenRule
にアイコンを追加して、モードを認識しやすくしました。- ユーザーに対してルールをアクティブにする条件を記述する
triggerDescription
文字列をAutomaticZenRule
に追加します。 AutomaticZenRule
にZenDeviceEffects
が追加され、グレースケール表示、夜間モード、壁紙を暗くするなどのルールをトリガーできるようになりました。
多言語対応
Android 15 では、デバイスがさまざまな言語で使用されている場合のユーザー エクスペリエンスを補完する機能が追加されています。
文字間の両端揃え
Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by
using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER
. Inter-word justification was
first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character
justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the
whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.