本頁面由 Cloud Translation API 翻譯而成。

功能與 API 總覽

Android 15 為開發人員推出了強大的功能和 API。以下各節會簡要說明這些功能，協助您開始使用相關 API。

如需新增、修改及移除 API 的詳細清單，請參閱 API 差異比較表。如要進一步瞭解新增的 API，請參閱 Android API 參考資料 - 針對 Android 15，請尋找 API 級別 35 中新增的 API。如要瞭解平台變更可能對應用程式造成的影響，請務必查看指定 Android 15 的應用程式和所有應用程式的 Android 15 行為變更。

相機和媒體

Android 15 包含多種功能，可提升相機和媒體體驗，並提供工具和硬體，協助創作者在 Android 上實現創意。

如要進一步瞭解 Android 媒體和相機的最新功能和開發人員解決方案，請觀看 Google I/O 的「打造現代 Android 媒體和相機體驗」演講。

低光源增強

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, an auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables camera capabilities, such as:

Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

應用程式內攝影機控制選項

Android 15 adds an extension for more control over the camera hardware and its algorithms on supported devices:

Advanced flash strength adjustments enabling precise control of flash intensity in both SINGLE and TORCH modes while capturing images.

HDR 動態範圍控制

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

The brightness of SDR UI elements on the left screen appears to be more uniform than the brightness on the right screen, which simulates possible headroom issues when HDR and SDR content are mixed. By adjusting the HDR headroom, you can achieve a better balance between the SDR and HDR content.

音量控制

Android 15 開始支援 CTA-2075 音量標準，協助您可避免音訊音量不一致的情況，同時確保使用者不必一直調整音量。系統會利用輸出裝置 (耳機和喇叭) 的已知特性，以及 AAC 音訊內容提供的音量中繼資料，智慧調整音訊音量和動態範圍壓縮等級。

如要啟用這項功能，請務必確保檔案含有音量中繼資料您的 AAC 內容，並在應用程式中啟用平台功能。為此，您透過以下方式將 LoudnessCodecController 物件執行個體化：呼叫其 create 工廠方法，並與音訊來自相關聯 AudioTrack 的工作階段 ID；本系統就會開始自動套用音訊更新您可以傳遞 OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener，藉此修改或篩選音量參數，再套用至 MediaCodec。

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer 也會更新，使用透過 LoudnessCodecController API 完美整合應用程式。

虛擬 MIDI 2.0 裝置

Android 13 added support for connecting to MIDI 2.0 devices using USB, which communicate using Universal MIDI Packets (UMP). Android 15 extends UMP support to virtual MIDI apps, enabling composition apps to control synthesizer apps as a virtual MIDI 2.0 device just like they would with an USB MIDI 2.0 device.

更有效率的 AV1 軟體解碼

dav1d 標誌

dav1d 是 VideoLAN 推出的熱門 AV1 軟體解碼器，適用於不支援硬體 AV1 解碼功能的 Android 裝置。dav1d 的效能比舊版 AV1 軟體解碼器高出 3 倍，可讓更多使用者 (包括部分低階和中階裝置) 播放 HD AV1 影片。

您的應用程式必須透過名稱 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 呼叫 dav1d，才能選擇使用 dav1d。在後續更新中，dav1d 將成為預設的 AV1 軟體解碼器。這項支援功能已標準化，並向後移植至接收 Google Play 系統更新的 Android 11 裝置。

開發人員工作效率和工具

我們致力於提升開發人員的工作效率，因此大部分工作都圍繞著 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 程式庫等工具進行，但我們也不斷尋找平台上的各種方法，協助您更輕鬆地實現願景。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

The following key features and improvements are included:

Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
Streams
Additional math and strictmath methods
util package updates including sequenced collection, map, and set
ByteBuffer support in Deflater
Security updates such as X500PrivateCredential and security key updates

These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.

PDF 改善項目

Android 15 對 PdfRenderer 進行了大幅改善。相互整合應用程式可導入轉譯等進階功能受密碼保護的檔案、註解、表單編輯、搜尋及選取副本。支援線性化 PDF 最佳化功能，可加快本機 PDF 檢視速度並減少資源使用量。Jetpack PDF 程式庫會使用這些 API，簡化在應用程式中新增 PDF 檢視功能的程序。

PdfRenderer 已移至可透過 Google Play 系統更新進行更新的模組，不受平台版本影響。我們會透過建立與 Android 15 以下版本相容的 API 途徑 (稱為 PdfRendererPreV)，將這些變更回溯至 Android 11 (API 級別 30)。

自動切換語言的改良功能

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

改良的 OpenType 變數字型 API

Android 15 改善了 OpenType 變數字型的可用性。您現在可以在不指定變數的情況下，使用變數字型建立 FontFamily 執行個體使用 buildVariableFamily API 加權軸。文字轉譯器覆寫設定與顯示文字相符的 wght 軸值。

使用新的 API 可簡化建立 Typeface 的程式碼相當明顯：

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

過去，如要建立相同的 Typeface，您需要更多程式碼：

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

以下範例說明如何同時使用新舊 API 建立 Typeface 算繪：

示例：使用新舊字體的 Typeface 算繪不同之處
API

在這個範例中，使用舊版 API 建立的 Typeface 沒有建立準確的字型粗細 Font 例項，因此轉譯器會改回使用最接近的權重。如此那麼轉譯值會是 300 而不是 350，而是顯示 400，而非 450；且依此類推相反地，使用新 API 建立的 Typeface 會以動態方式建立指定權重的 Font 例項，因此會以 350 為單位呈現準確的權重 450、550 和 650。

精細的換行符號控制

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

封存應用程式

Android and Google Play announced support for app archiving last year, allowing users to free up space by partially removing infrequently used apps from the device that were published using Android App Bundle on Google Play. Android 15 includes OS level support for app archiving and unarchiving, making it easier for all app stores to implement it.

Apps with the REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES permission can call the PackageInstaller requestArchive method to request archiving an installed app package, which removes the APK and any cached files, but persists user data. Archived apps are returned as displayable apps through the LauncherApps APIs; users will see a UI treatment to highlight that those apps are archived. If a user taps on an archived app, the responsible installer will get a request to unarchive it, and the restoration process can be monitored by the ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED broadcast.

使用開發人員選項在裝置上啟用 16 KB 模式

切換「以 16KB 頁面大小啟動」開發人員選項，即可在 16 KB 模式下啟動裝置。

從 Android 15 QPR1 開始，您可以使用特定裝置上的開發人員選項，以 16 KB 模式啟動裝置，並執行裝置端測試。使用開發人員選項前，請依序前往「設定」>「系統」>「軟體更新」，並套用所有可用的更新。

這項開發人員選項適用於下列裝置：

Pixel 8 和 8 Pro (搭載 Android 15 QPR1 以上版本)

警告：由於 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 有已知問題，在 Pixel 8 裝置上安裝 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 後，如果以 16 KB 模式啟動裝置，觸控螢幕將無法運作。Pixel 8 Pro 裝置不受這個問題影響。
Pixel 8a (搭載 Android 15 QPR1 以上版本)

警告：由於 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 有已知問題，在 Pixel 8a 裝置上安裝 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3，並以 16 KB 模式啟動裝置後，觸控螢幕會無法運作。
Pixel 9、Pixel 9 Pro 和 Pixel 9 Pro XL (搭載 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 2 以上版本)

圖形

Android 15 帶來最新的圖像改善項目，包括 ANGLE 和 Canvas 圖像系統的增強功能。

更新 Android 的 GPU 存取權

Vulkan 標誌

與早期核心作業系統會在單一 CPU 上執行，並使用以固定函式管道為基礎的 API 存取 GPU 不同，Android 硬體已大幅進化。自 Android 7.0 (API 級別 24) 起，NDK 就提供 Vulkan® 圖形 API，其中包含低階抽象化功能，可更貼近現代 GPU 硬體、更有效地支援多個 CPU 核心，並減少 CPU 驅動程式額外負擔，進而提升應用程式效能。所有新型遊戲引擎都支援 Vulkan。

Vulkan 是 Android 對 GPU 的偏好介面。因此，Android 15 包含 ANGLE 做為可選的圖層，可在 Vulkan 上執行 OpenGL® ES。改用 ANGLE 可將 Android OpenGL 實作標準化，進而改善相容性，在某些情況下還能提升效能。您可以在 Android 15 上依序前往「設定」->「系統」->「開發人員選項」->「實驗功能：啟用 ANGLE」，啟用開發人員選項，藉此使用 ANGLE 測試 OpenGL ES 應用程式的穩定性和效能。

Android ANGLE 的 Vulkan 時程表

為了簡化 GPU 堆疊，我們日後會在更多新裝置上提供 ANGLE 做為 GL 系統驅動程式，並預期 OpenGL/ES 日後只會透過 ANGLE 提供。不過，我們計劃繼續在所有裝置上支援 OpenGL ES。

建議採取的後續步驟

使用開發人員選項選取 OpenGL ES 的 ANGLE 驅動程式，並測試應用程式。對於新專案，我們強烈建議使用 Vulkan 開發 C/C++。

Canvas 改善項目

Android 15 continues our modernization of Android's Canvas graphics system with additional capabilities:

Matrix44 provides a 4x4 matrix for transforming coordinates that should be used when you want to manipulate the canvas in 3D.
clipShader intersects the current clip with the specified shader, while clipOutShader sets the clip to the difference of the current clip and the shader, each treating the shader as an alpha mask. This supports the drawing of complex shapes efficiently.

效能和電池

Android 持續致力於協助您提升應用程式的效能和品質。Android 15 導入的 API 可協助您更有效率地執行應用程式中的工作、提升應用程式效能，以及收集應用程式的洞察資訊。

如要瞭解省電最佳做法、如何偵錯網路和耗電量，以及我們如何在 Android 15 和近期 Android 版本中提升背景作業的省電效率，請參閱 Google I/O 的「提升 Android 背景作業的省電效率」演講。

ApplicationStartInfo API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

應用程式大小詳細資訊

Since Android 8.0 (API level 26), Android has included the StorageStats.getAppBytes API that summarizes the installed size of an app as a single number of bytes, which is a sum of the APK size, the size of files extracted from the APK, and files that were generated on the device such as ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled code. This number is not very insightful in terms of how your app is using storage.

Android 15 adds the StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API, which lets you get insight into how your app is using up all that space, including APK file splits, AOT and speedup related code, dex metadata, libraries, and guided profiles.

應用程式管理的剖析

Android 15 includes the ProfilingManager class, which lets you collect profiling information from within your app such as heap dumps, heap profiles, stack sampling, and more. It provides a callback to your app with a supplied tag to identify the output file, which is delivered to your app's files directory. The API does rate limiting to minimize the performance impact.

To simplify constructing profiling requests in your app, we recommend using the corresponding Profiling AndroidX API, available in Core 1.15.0-rc01 or higher.

SQLite 資料庫改善項目

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 動態效能架構更新

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 adds ADPF capabilities:

A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

隱私權

Android 15 包含多項功能，可協助應用程式開發人員保護使用者隱私權。

螢幕錄影偵測

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

擴充 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:host="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私人空間

The private space can be unlocked and locked to show or hide sensitive apps on a device.

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
Medical apps
Launcher apps
App store apps

查詢「所選相片存取權」的最新使用者選取項目

應用程式現在只會在授予部分存取權媒體權限時，突顯最近選取的相片和影片。這項功能可改善經常要求存取相片和影片存取權的應用程式使用者體驗。如要在應用程式中使用這項功能，請透過 ContentResolver 查詢 MediaStore 時啟用 QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY 引數。

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Android 版 Privacy Sandbox

Android 15 includes the latest Android Ad Services extensions, incorporating the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android. This addition is part of our work to develop technologies that improve user privacy and enable effective, personalized advertising experiences for mobile apps. Our privacy sandbox page has more information about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer preview and beta programs to help you get started.

Health Connect

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for additional data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

Android 15 supports app screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the app screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is required for each MediaProjection capture session.

使用者體驗和系統 UI

Android 15 可讓應用程式開發人員和使用者進一步控管及彈性設定裝置，以符合自身需求。

如要進一步瞭解如何運用 Android 15 的最新改良功能，提升應用程式的使用者體驗，請觀看 Google I/O 的「改善 Android 應用程式的使用者體驗」演講。

使用 Generated Previews API 取得更豐富的小工具預覽畫面

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call `setWidgetPreview`

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

子母畫面

Android 15 introduces changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes another state.

With this UI state, apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

更完善的「零打擾」規則

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

為通知管道設定 VibrationEffect

Android 15 supports setting rich vibrations for incoming notifications by channel using NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect, so your users can distinguish between different types of notifications without having to look at their device.

媒體投影狀態列晶片和自動停止

Media projection can expose private user information. A new, prominent status bar chip makes users aware of any ongoing screen projection. Users can tap the chip to stop screen casting, sharing, or recording. Also, for a more intuitive user experience, any in‑progress screen projection now automatically stops when the device screen is locked.

大螢幕和板型規格

Android 15 可讓應用程式充分運用 Android 的板型規格，包括大螢幕、可翻轉和折疊式裝置。

改善大螢幕多工處理功能

Android 15 可讓使用者在大螢幕裝置上更妥善地進行多工處理。適用對象舉例來說，使用者可以儲存喜愛的分割畫面應用程式組合，以便快速，並將工作列固定在畫面上，即可快速切換應用程式。也就是說確保應用程式會自動調適，比以往更重要。

Google I/O 大會建構可自動調整的 Android 環境應用程式以及使用 Material 3 建構使用者介面自動調整程式庫這能幫助您，而我們的說明文件也更勝以往，能進一步協助您運用大型語言設計螢幕。

支援封面螢幕

應用程式可以宣告 Android 15 使用的屬性，讓 Application 或 Activity 顯示在支援翻轉裝置的小型封面螢幕上。這些螢幕太小，無法視為 Android 應用程式可執行的相容目標，但您的應用程式可以選擇支援這些螢幕，讓應用程式可在更多地方使用。

連線能力

Android 15 更新了平台，讓您的應用程式能使用通訊和無線技術的最新進展。

衛星支援

Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.

Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() to detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15 provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.

A notification appears when the device connects to a satellite.

更流暢的 NFC 體驗

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

錢包角色

Android 15 introduces a Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.

The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.

This role is also used to determine where the Wallet Quick Access tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the Quick Access tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.

安全性

Android 15 可協助您提升應用程式安全性、保護應用程式資料，並讓使用者進一步瞭解及掌控自己的資料。如要進一步瞭解我們如何強化使用者防護措施，以及保護應用程式免於新威脅侵擾，請觀看 Google I/O 的這場演講。

整合 Credential Manager 與自動填入功能

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

整合單鍵註冊和登入功能與生物特徵辨識提示功能

Credential Manager integrates biometric prompts into the credential creation and sign-in processes, eliminating the need for providers to manage biometric prompts. As a result, credential providers only need to focus on the results of the create and get flows, augmented with the biometric flow result. This simplified process creates a more efficient and streamlined credential creation and retrieval process.

端對端加密的金鑰管理

We are introducing the E2eeContactKeysManager in Android 15, which facilitates end-to-end encryption (E2EE) in your Android apps by providing an OS-level API for the storage of cryptographic public keys.

The E2eeContactKeysManager is designed to integrate with the platform contacts app to give users a centralized way to manage and verify their contacts' public keys.

內容 URI 的權限檢查

Android 15 introduces a set of APIs that perform permission checks on content URIs:

Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull: This performs a full permission check on content URIs.
Activity manifest attribute requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller: This enforces specified permissions on the provided content URIs at activity launch.
ComponentCaller class for Activity callers: This represents the app that launched the activity.

無障礙設定

Android 15 新增了多項功能，可提升使用者無障礙體驗。

更優質的點字體驗

在 Android 15 中，我們讓 TalkBack 支援透過 USB 和安全藍牙使用 HID 標準的點字顯示器。

這個標準與滑鼠和鍵盤使用的標準類似，可協助 Android 隨著時間支援更多種類的點字顯示器。

國際化

Android 15 新增了多項功能，可提升使用者在不同語言環境下的裝置使用體驗。

中日韓變數字型

Starting with Android 15, the font file for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages, NotoSansCJK, is now a variable font. Variable fonts open up possibilities for creative typography in CJK languages. Designers can explore a broader range of styles and create visually striking layouts that were previously difficult or impossible to achieve.

How the variable font for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages appears with different font widths.

字元間對齊

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

自動換行設定

Android 已開始在下列國家/地區支援日文和韓文的詞組換行符號： Android 13 (API 級別 33)。不過，雖然使用詞組的分行符號改善了簡短的文字易讀性，對長行文字的效果不佳。在 Android 15 中，應用程式只能針對短行套用以詞組為準的換行符號方法是使用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 如果有需要 SQL 指令的分析工作負載則 BigQuery 可能是最佳選擇這個選項可為文字選取最合適的字詞樣式選項。

以短行文字來說，使用以詞組為基準的換行符號，運作方式也相同如 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE，如如下圖片：

如果是簡短的文字，`LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` 套用詞組換行，讓文字更清晰易讀。這與套用 `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE`。

對於較長的文字，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 會使用 no 斷行文字樣式，功能與 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE，如如下圖片：

對於長行文字，`LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` 套用不換行的文字樣式，讓文字更清晰易讀。這與套用 `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE`。

額外日文變體假名字型

In Android 15, a font file for old Japanese Hiragana (known as Hentaigana) is bundled by default. The unique shapes of Hentaigana characters can add a distinctive flair to artwork or design while also helping to preserve accurate transmission and understanding of ancient Japanese documents.

Character and text style for the Japanese Hentaigana font.

VideoLAN cone Copyright (c) 1996-2010 VideoLAN. This logo or a modified version may be used or modified by anyone to refer to the VideoLAN project or any product developed by the VideoLAN team, but does not indicate endorsement by the project.

Vulkan and the Vulkan logo are registered trademarks of the Khronos Group Inc.

OpenGL is a registered trademark and the OpenGL ES logo is a trademark of Hewlett Packard Enterprise used by permission by Khronos.

功能與 API 總覽 透過集合功能整理內容 你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。

相機和媒體

低光源增強

應用程式內攝影機控制選項

HDR 動態範圍控制

音量控制

虛擬 MIDI 2.0 裝置

更有效率的 AV1 軟體解碼

開發人員工作效率和工具

OpenJDK 17 更新

PDF 改善項目

自動切換語言的改良功能

改良的 OpenType 變數字型 API

Kotlin

Java

Kotlin

Java

精細的換行符號控制

封存應用程式

使用開發人員選項在裝置上啟用 16 KB 模式

圖形

更新 Android 的 GPU 存取權

Android ANGLE 的 Vulkan 時程表

建議採取的後續步驟

Canvas 改善項目

效能和電池

ApplicationStartInfo API

應用程式大小詳細資訊

應用程式管理的剖析

SQLite 資料庫改善項目

Android 動態效能架構更新

隱私權

螢幕錄影偵測

擴充 IntentFilter 功能

私人空間

查詢「所選相片存取權」的最新使用者選取項目

Kotlin

Java

Android 版 Privacy Sandbox

Health Connect

應用程式分享螢幕畫面

使用者體驗和系統 UI

使用 Generated Previews API 取得更豐富的小工具預覽畫面

Push API

When to call setWidgetPreview

子母畫面

更完善的「零打擾」規則

為通知管道設定 VibrationEffect

媒體投影狀態列晶片和自動停止

大螢幕和板型規格

改善大螢幕多工處理功能

支援封面螢幕

連線能力

衛星支援

更流暢的 NFC 體驗

錢包角色

安全性

整合 Credential Manager 與自動填入功能

整合單鍵註冊和登入功能與生物特徵辨識提示功能

端對端加密的金鑰管理

內容 URI 的權限檢查

無障礙設定

更優質的點字體驗

國際化

中日韓變數字型

字元間對齊

自動換行設定

額外日文變體假名字型

功能與 API 總覽

When to call `setWidgetPreview`