동작 변경사항: 모든 앱

Android 15 플랫폼에는 앱에 영향을 줄 수 있는 동작 변경사항이 있습니다. targetSdkVersion과 관계없이 Android 15에서 실행되는 모든 앱에 적용되는 동작 변경사항은 다음과 같습니다. 이러한 변경사항을 적절히 지원해야 하는 경우 앱을 테스트한 후 필요에 따라 수정해야 합니다.

또한 Android 15를 타겟팅하는 앱에만 영향을 주는 동작 변경사항 목록을 검토해야 합니다.

핵심 기능

Android 15는 Android 시스템의 다양한 핵심 기능을 수정하거나 확장합니다.

패키지 중지 상태 변경

The intention of the package FLAG_STOPPED state (which users can engage in AOSP builds by long-pressing an app icon and selecting "Force Stop") has always been to keep apps in this state until the user explicitly removes the app from this state by directly launching the app or indirectly interacting with the app (through the sharesheet or a widget, selecting the app as live wallpaper, etc.). In Android 15, we've updated the behavior of the system to be aligned with this intended behavior. Apps should only be removed from the stopped state through direct or indirect user action.

To support the intended behavior, in addition to the existing restrictions, the system also cancels all pending intents when the app enters the stopped state on a device running Android 15. When the user's actions remove the app from the stopped state, the ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast is delivered to the app providing an opportunity to re-register any pending intents.

You can call the new ApplicationStartInfo.wasForceStopped() method to confirm whether the app was put into the stopped state.

16KB 페이지 크기 지원

지금까지 Android는 4KB 메모리 페이지 크기만 지원했습니다. 시스템 메모리 성능을 최적화하여 Android 기기에는 일반적으로 그랬습니다. Android 15부터 AOSP는 16KB (16KB)의 페이지 크기를 사용하도록 구성된 기기 기기에서 지원됩니다. 앱이 NDK 라이브러리를 직접 사용하거나 간접적으로 또는 SDK를 통해 간접적으로 구매할 수 있는 경우 앱을 다시 빌드해야 이 16KB 기기에서 작동합니다.

기기 제조업체가 계속해서 더 많은 양의 기기를 사용하여 물리적 메모리(RAM), 이러한 장치의 대부분은 16KB 페이지 크기를 늘려 기기의 성능을 최적화해야 합니다. 추가 중 16KB 페이지 크기 기기 지원을 통해 앱이 앱이 관련 성능의 이점을 누리는 데 도움이 됩니다 개선할 수 있습니다 다시 컴파일하지 않으면 16KB 기기에서 앱이 작동하지 않을 수 있습니다. 프로덕션화될 때 확인해야 합니다

앱 지원을 추가하는 데 도움이 되도록 다음을 확인하는 방법 앱이 영향을 받는 경우 앱 다시 빌드 (해당하는 경우) 및 앱 테스트 방법 에뮬레이터를 사용한 16KB 환경 (Android 15 포함) 시스템 이미지 참조).

Benefits and performance gains

16KB 페이지 크기로 구성된 기기는 평균적으로 약간 더 많은 메모리를 사용하지만 시스템과 앱 모두에서 다양한 성능이 개선됩니다.

  • 시스템에 메모리 문제가 있는 동안 앱 실행 시간 단축: 평균 3.16% 감소, 테스트한 일부 앱의 경우 더 큰 개선 (최대 30%)
  • 앱 실행 중 전원 소모 감소: 평균 4.56% 감소
  • 카메라 실행 속도 향상: 평균 핫 스타트 속도가 4.48%, 콜드 스타트 속도가 6.60% 빨라짐
  • 시스템 부팅 시간 개선: 평균 8% (약 950밀리초) 개선됨

이러한 개선사항은 초기 테스트를 기반으로 하며 실제 기기의 결과는 다를 수 있습니다. 테스트를 계속하면서 앱의 잠재적 이점에 관한 추가 분석을 제공할 예정입니다.

Check if your app is impacted

앱에서 네이티브 코드를 사용하는 경우 16KB 기기 지원을 포함하도록 앱을 다시 빌드해야 합니다. 앱에서 네이티브 코드를 사용하는지 확실하지 않은 경우 APK 분석 도구를 사용하여 네이티브 코드가 있는지 확인한 다음 찾은 공유 라이브러리의 ELF 세그먼트 정렬을 확인할 수 있습니다.

앱에서 모든 라이브러리나 SDK를 비롯하여 Java 프로그래밍 언어나 Kotlin으로 작성된 코드만 사용한다면 이미 16KB 기기를 지원하는 것입니다. 하지만 16KB 환경에서 앱을 테스트하여 앱 동작에 예상치 못한 회귀가 없는지 확인하는 것이 좋습니다.

일부 앱에서 비공개 스페이스를 지원하기 위해 필요한 변경사항

Private space is a new feature in Android 15 that lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. Because apps in the private space have restricted visibility, some types of apps need to take additional steps to be able to see and interact with apps in a user's private space.

All apps

Because apps in the private space are kept in a separate user profile, similar to work profiles, apps shouldn't assume that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile. If your app has logic related to work profile apps that make this assumption, you'll need to adjust this logic.

Medical apps

When a user locks the private space, all apps in the private space are stopped, and those apps can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications. This behavior might critically impact the use and function of medical apps installed in the private space.

The private space setup experience warns users that the private space is not suitable for apps that need to perform critical foreground or background activities, such as showing notifications from medical apps. However, apps can't determine whether or not they're being used in the private space, so they can't show a warning to the user for this case.

For these reasons, if you develop a medical app, review how this feature might impact your app and take appropriate actions—such as informing your users not to install your app in the private space—to avoid disrupting critical app capabilities.

Launcher apps

If you develop a launcher app, you must do the following before apps in the private space will be visible:

  1. Your app must be assigned as the default launcher app for the device—that is, possessing the ROLE_HOME role.
  2. Your app must declare the ACCESS_HIDDEN_PROFILES normal permission in your app's manifest file.

Launcher apps that declare the ACCESS_HIDDEN_PROFILES permission must handle the following private space use cases:

  1. Your app must have a separate launcher container for apps installed in the private space. Use the getLauncherUserInfo() method to determine which type of user profile is being handled.
  2. The user must be able to hide and show the private space container.
  3. The user must be able to lock and unlock the private space container. Use the requestQuietModeEnabled() method to lock (by passing true) or unlock (by passing false) the private space.

  4. While locked, no apps in the private space container should be visible or discoverable through mechanisms such as search. Your app should register a receiver for the ACTION_PROFILE_AVAILABLE and ACTION_PROFILE_UNAVAILABLE broadcasts and update the UI in your app when the locked or unlocked state of the private space container changes. Both of these broadcasts include EXTRA_USER, which your app can use to refer to the private profile user.

    You can also use the isQuietModeEnabled() method to check whether the private space profile is locked or not.

App store apps

The private space includes an "Install Apps" button that launches an implicit intent to install apps into the user's private space. In order for your app to receive this implicit intent, declare an <intent-filter> in your app's manifest file with a <category> of CATEGORY_APP_MARKET.

PNG 기반 그림 이모티콘 글꼴이 삭제됨

The legacy, PNG-based emoji font file (NotoColorEmojiLegacy.ttf) has been removed, leaving just the vector-based file. Beginning with Android 13 (API level 33), the emoji font file used by the system emoji renderer changed from a PNG-based file to a vector based file. The system retained the legacy font file in Android 13 and 14 for compatibility reasons, so that apps with their own font renderers could continue to use the legacy font file until they were able to upgrade.

To check if your app is affected, search your app's code for references to the NotoColorEmojiLegacy.ttf file.

You can choose to adapt your app in a number of ways:

  • Use platform APIs for text rendering. You can render text to a bitmap-backed Canvas and use that to get a raw image if necessary.
  • Add COLRv1 font support to your app. The FreeType open source library supports COLRv1 in version 2.13.0 and higher.
  • As a last resort, you can bundle the legacy emoji font file (NotoColorEmoji.ttf) into your APK, although in that case your app will be missing the latest emoji updates. For more information, see the Noto Emoji GitHub project page.

최소 타겟 SDK 버전이 23에서 24로 상향됨

Android 15 builds on the the changes that were made in Android 14 and extends this security further. In Android 15, apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 24 can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet modern API levels helps to ensure better security and privacy.

Malware often targets lower API levels in order to bypass security and privacy protections that have been introduced in higher Android versions. For example, some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API level 23). This Android 15 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security and privacy improvements. Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level results in an installation failure, with a message like the following one appearing in Logcat:

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 24, but found 7

On devices upgrading to Android 15, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 24 remain installed.

If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

보안 및 개인 정보 보호

Android 15 introduces robust measures to combat one-time passcode (OTP) fraud and to protect the user's sensitive content, focusing on hardening the Notification Listener Service and screenshare protections. Key enhancements include redacting OTPs from notifications accessible to untrusted apps, hiding notifications during screenshare, and securing app activities when OTPs are posted. These changes aim to keep the user's sensitive content safe from unauthorized actors.

Developers need to be aware of the following to ensure their apps are compatible with the changes in Android 15:

OTP Redaction

Android will stop untrusted apps that implement a NotificationListenerService from reading unredacted content from notifications where an OTP has been detected. Trusted apps such as companion device manager associations are exempt from these restrictions.

Screenshare Protection

  • Notification content is hidden during screen sharing sessions to preserve the user's privacy. If the app implements setPublicVersion(), Android shows the public version of the notification which serves as a replacement notification in insecure contexts. Otherwise, the notification content is redacted without any further context.
  • Sensitive content like password input is hidden from remote viewers to prevent revealing the user's sensitive information.
  • Activities from apps that post notifications during screenshare where an OTP has been detected will be hidden. App content is hidden from the remote viewer when launched.
  • Beyond Android's automatic identification of sensitive fields, developers can manually mark parts of their app as sensitive using setContentSensitivity, which is hidden from remote viewers during screenshare.
  • Developers can choose to toggle the Disable screen share protections option under Developer Options to be exempted from the screenshare protections for demo or testing purposes. The default system screen recorder is exempted from these changes, since the recordings remain on-device.

카메라 및 미디어

Android 15에서는 모든 앱의 카메라 및 미디어 동작을 다음과 같이 변경합니다.

리소스 한도에 도달하면 직접 및 오프로드 오디오 재생에서 이전에 열려 있던 직접 또는 오프로드 오디오 트랙이 무효화됨

Before Android 15, if an app requested direct or offload audio playback while another app was playing audio and the resource limits were reached, the app would fail to open a new AudioTrack.

Beginning with Android 15, when an app requests direct or offload playback and the resource limits are reached, the system invalidates any currently open AudioTrack objects which prevent fulfilling the new track request.

(Direct and offload audio tracks are typically opened for playback of compressed audio formats. Common use-cases for playing direct audio include streaming encoded audio over HDMI to a TV. Offload tracks are typically used to play compressed audio on a mobile device with hardware DSP acceleration.)

사용자 환경 및 시스템 UI

Android 15에는 더 일관되고 직관적인 사용자 환경을 제공하기 위한 몇 가지 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다.

선택한 앱에 뒤로 탐색 예측 애니메이션이 사용 설정됨

Beginning in Android 15, the developer option for predictive back animations has been removed. System animations such as back-to-home, cross-task, and cross-activity now appear for apps that have opted in to the predictive back gesture either entirely or at an activity level. If your app is affected, take the following actions:

  • Ensure that your app has been properly migrated to use the predictive back gesture.
  • Ensure that your fragment transitions work with predictive back navigation.
  • Migrate away from animation and framework transitions and use animator and androidx transitions instead.
  • Migrate away from back stacks that FragmentManager doesn't know about. Use back stacks managed by FragmentManager or by the Navigation component instead.

사용자가 앱을 강제 종료하면 위젯이 사용 중지됨

If a user force-stops an app on a device running Android 15, the system temporarily disables all the app's widgets. The widgets are grayed out, and the user cannot interact with them. This is because beginning with Android 15, the system cancels all an app's pending intents when the app is force-stopped.

The system re-enables those widgets the next time the user launches the app.

For more information, see Changes to package stopped state.

미디어 프로젝션 상태 표시줄 칩이 사용자에게 화면 공유, 전송, 녹화에 관해 알립니다.

Screen projection exploits expose private user data such as financial information because users don't realize their device screen is being shared.

For apps running on devices with Android 15 QPR1 or higher, a status bar chip that is large and prominent alerts users to any in‑progress screen projection. Users can tap the chip to stop their screen from being shared, cast, or recorded. Also, screen projection automatically stops when the device screen is locked.

화면 공유, 전송, 녹화를 위한 상태 표시줄 칩입니다.

앱이 영향을 받는지 확인하기

기본적으로 앱에는 상태 표시줄 칩이 포함되며 잠금 화면이 활성화되면 화면 프로젝션이 자동으로 일시중지됩니다.

이러한 사용 사례에 맞게 앱을 테스트하는 방법을 자세히 알아보려면 상태 표시줄 칩 및 자동 중지를 참고하세요.

백그라운드 네트워크 액세스 제한

In Android 15, apps that start a network request outside of a valid process lifecycle receive an exception. Typically, an UnknownHostException or other socket-related IOException. Network requests that happen outside of a valid lifecycle are usually due to apps unknowingly continuing a network request even after the app is no longer active.

To mitigate this exception, ensure your network requests are lifecycle aware and cancelled upon leaving a valid process lifecycle by using lifecycle aware components. If it is important that the network request should happen even when the user leaves the application, consider scheduling the network request using WorkManager or continue a user visible task using Foreground Service.

지원 중단

각 출시에서 특정 Android API는 더 이상 사용되지 않거나 더 나은 개발자 환경 제공이나 새 플랫폼 기능 지원을 위해 리팩터링해야 할 수 있습니다. 이 경우 더 이상 사용되지 않는 API를 공식적으로 지원 중단하고 개발자에게 대신 사용할 대체 API를 안내합니다.

지원 중단이란 API에 관한 공식 지원은 종료되나 개발자는 계속 사용할 수 있다는 의미입니다. 이 Android 출시에서 주목할 만한 지원 중단에 관한 자세한 내용은 지원 중단 페이지를 참고하세요.