行為變更:指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式

和先前版本一樣,Android 15 也包含可能會影響應用程式的行為變更。以下行為變更僅適用於指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式。如果您的應用程式指定 Android 15 以上版本,建議您視情況修改應用程式,以支援這些行為。

此外,無論應用程式的 targetSdkVersion 為何,請務必查看影響所有在 Android 15 上執行的應用程式行為變更清單。

核心功能

Android 15 修改或擴充了 Android 系統的各種核心功能。

前景服務異動

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

  1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
  2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
  3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
  4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 推出了新的前景服務類型 mediaProcessing。此服務類型適合用於轉碼媒體檔案等作業。舉例來說,媒體應用程式可能會下載音訊檔案,需要將其轉換成其他格式後再播放。您可以使用 mediaProcessing 前景服務,確保即使應用程式處於背景執行狀態,轉換也能繼續進行。

系統允許應用程式的 mediaProcessing 服務在 24 小時內執行總共 6 小時,之後系統會呼叫執行中的服務 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法 (在 Android 15 中推出)。此時,服務有幾秒的時間可以呼叫 Service.stopSelf()。如果服務未呼叫 Service.stopSelf(),系統會擲回內部例外狀況。例外狀況會記錄在 Logcat 中,並顯示以下訊息:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

為避免例外狀況,您可以採取下列其中一種做法:

  1. 請讓服務實作新的 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法。應用程式收到回呼時,請務必在幾秒內呼叫 stopSelf()。(如果您沒有立即停止應用程式,系統會產生失敗)。
  2. 請確認應用程式的 mediaProcessing 服務在任何 24 小時內的總執行時間不超過 6 小時 (除非使用者與應用程式互動,重新設定計時器)。
  3. 只有在使用者直接互動時才啟動 mediaProcessing 前景服務;由於您的應用程式在服務啟動後位於前景,因此應用程式進入背景後,您的服務剩下六小時。
  4. 請改用 WorkManager 等其他 API,而非 mediaProcessing 前景服務。

如果應用程式的 mediaProcessing 前景服務在過去 24 小時內已執行 6 小時,您就無法啟動其他 mediaProcessing 前景服務,除非使用者將應用程式移至前景 (這樣會重設計時器)。如果您嘗試啟動其他 mediaProcessing 前景服務,系統會擲回 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException,並顯示「前景服務類型 mediaProcessing 的時間限制已用盡」等錯誤訊息。

如要進一步瞭解 mediaProcessing 服務類型,請參閱「Android 15 的前景服務類型變更:媒體處理」。

測試

如要測試應用程式的行為,您可以啟用媒體處理逾時,即使應用程式並未以 Android 15 為目標版本 (只要應用程式在 Android 15 裝置上執行),也能啟用。如要啟用逾時值,請執行下列 adb 指令:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

您也可以調整逾時期限,方便測試應用程式在達到上限時的行為。如要設定新的逾時期限,請執行下列 adb 指令:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

There are new restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services. BOOT_COMPLETED receivers are not allowed to launch the following types of foreground services:

If a BOOT_COMPLETED receiver tries to launch any of those types of foreground services, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). Run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

To send a BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast without restarting the device, run the following adb command:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

先前,如果應用程式擁有 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 權限,即使目前處於背景執行狀態,也能啟動前景服務 (如「背景啟動限制的例外狀況」一文所述)。

如果應用程式指定 Android 15 為目標版本,這項豁免權現在比較縮小。應用程式現在需要具備 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 權限,且設有可見的重疊視窗。也就是說,應用程式必須先啟動 TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY 視窗,「而且」必須先顯示該視窗,才能啟動前景服務。

如果應用程式嘗試從背景啟動前景服務,但不符合這些新要求 (且沒有其他例外狀況),系統會擲回 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException

如果您的應用程式聲明 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 權限,並從背景啟動前景服務,可能會受到這項變更的影響。如果應用程式收到 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException,請檢查應用程式的運算順序,並確認應用程式在嘗試從背景啟動前景服務前,已擁有有效的疊加式視窗。您可以呼叫 View.getWindowVisibility(),檢查覆疊視窗目前是否可見,也可以覆寫 View.onWindowVisibilityChanged(),在可見度變更時收到通知。

測試

如要測試應用程式的行為,您可以啟用這些新限制,即使應用程式並非以 Android 15 為目標版本 (只要應用程式在 Android 15 裝置上執行) 也一樣。如要啟用這些新限制,以便從背景啟動前景服務,請執行下列 adb 指令:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

應用程式可修改「零打擾」模式全域狀態的時間異動

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) and higher can no longer change the global state or policy of Do Not Disturb (DND) on a device (either by modifying user settings, or turning off DND mode). Instead, apps must contribute an AutomaticZenRule, which the system combines into a global policy with the existing most-restrictive-policy-wins scheme. Calls to existing APIs that previously affected global state (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy) result in the creation or update of an implicit AutomaticZenRule, which is toggled on and off depending on the call-cycle of those API calls.

Note that this change only affects observable behavior if the app is calling setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) and expects that call to deactivate an AutomaticZenRule that was previously activated by their owners.

OpenJDK API 變更

Android 15 持續更新 Android 核心程式庫,以便與最新版 OpenJDK LTS 中的功能保持一致。

如果應用程式指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35),以下部分變更可能會影響應用程式相容性:

  • 字串格式化 API 的變更:使用下列 String.format()Formatter.format() API 時,系統會更嚴格地驗證引數索引、旗標、寬度和精確度:

    舉例來說,如果使用引數索引 0 (格式字串中的 %0),系統會擲回下列例外狀況:

    IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0
    

    在這種情況下,使用引數索引 1 (格式字串中的 %1) 即可修正問題。

  • Arrays.asList(...).toArray() 的元件類型變更:使用 Arrays.asList(...).toArray() 時,產生的陣列元件類型現在是 Object,而不是基礎陣列元素的類型。因此,下列程式碼會擲回 ClassCastException

    String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();
    

    在這種情況下,如要將 String 保留在產生的陣列中做為元件型別,可以改用 Collection.toArray(Object[])

    String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);
    
  • 語言代碼處理方式異動:使用 Locale API 時,希伯來文、意第緒文和印尼文的語言代碼不會再轉換為舊版代碼 (希伯來文:iw、意第緒文:ji、印尼文:in)。指定這些語言的語言代碼時,請改用 ISO 639-1 的代碼 (希伯來文:he、意第緒文:yi、印尼文:id)。

  • 隨機整數序列的變更:根據 https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574 中所做的變更,下列 Random.ints() 方法現在會傳回與 Random.nextInt() 方法不同的數字序列:

    一般來說,這項變更不會導致應用程式發生中斷行為,但您的程式碼不應預期從 Random.ints() 方法產生的序列會與 Random.nextInt() 相符。

在應用程式的建構設定中更新 compileSdk,改用 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 後,新的 SequencedCollection API 可能會影響應用程式的相容性:

  • kotlin-stdlib 中的 MutableList.removeFirst()MutableList.removeLast() 擴充函式發生衝突

    Java 中的 List 型別會對應至 Kotlin 中的 MutableList 型別。由於 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 中已導入 List.removeFirst()List.removeLast() API,Kotlin 編譯器會將函式呼叫 (例如 list.removeFirst()) 靜態解析為新的 List API,而不是 kotlin-stdlib 中的擴充功能函式。

    如果應用程式重新編譯時,compileSdk 設為 35,且 minSdk 設為 34 以下,然後在 Android 14 以下版本執行,就會擲回執行階段錯誤:

    java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
    removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;
    

    Android Gradle 外掛程式中的現有 NewApi lint 選項可以偵測這些新 API 用法。

    ./gradlew lint
    
    MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
          list.removeFirst()
    

    如要修正執行階段例外狀況和 Lint 錯誤,可以在 Kotlin 中將 removeFirst()removeLast() 函式呼叫分別替換為 removeAt(0)removeAt(list.lastIndex)。如果您使用 Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 以上版本,也可以選擇快速修正這些錯誤。

    如果已停用 Lint 選項,請考慮移除 @SuppressLint("NewApi")lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' }

  • 與 Java 中的其他方法發生衝突

    現有型別已新增方法,例如 ListDeque。這些新方法可能與其他介面和類別中,名稱和引數類型相同的方法不相容。如果方法簽章與不相容的項目發生衝突,javac 編譯器會輸出建構時間錯誤。例如:

    錯誤示例 1:

    javac MyList.java
    
    MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
      public void removeLast() {
                  ^
      return type void is not compatible with Object
      where E is a type-variable:
        E extends Object declared in interface List
    

    錯誤示例 2:

    javac MyList.java
    
    MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
    public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
      both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
    1 error
    

    錯誤示例 3:

    javac MyList.java
    
    MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
    public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
      class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
      where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
        E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
        E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
    1 error
    

    如要修正這些建構錯誤,實作這些介面的類別應使用相容的回傳型別覆寫方法。例如:

    @Override
    public Object getFirst() {
        return List.super.getFirst();
    }
    

安全性

Android 15 包含多項變更,可提升系統安全性,協助保護應用程式和使用者免受惡意應用程式侵害。

受限的 TLS 版本

Android 15 restricts the usage of TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1. These versions had previously been deprecated in Android, but are now disallowed for apps targeting Android 15.

安全啟動背景活動

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Other changes

In addition to the restriction for UID matching, these other changes are also included:

  • Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
  • Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
  • Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
  • Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
  • Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

更安全的意圖

Android 15 introduces new optional security measures to make intents safer and more robust. These changes are aimed at preventing potential vulnerabilities and misuse of intents that can be exploited by malicious apps. There are two main improvements to the security of intents in Android 15:

  • Match target intent-filters: Intents that target specific components must accurately match the target's intent-filter specifications. If you send an intent to launch another app's activity, the target intent component needs to align with the receiving activity's declared intent-filters.
  • Intents must have actions: Intents without an action will no longer match any intent-filters. This means that intents used to start activities or services must have a clearly defined action.

In order to check how your app responds to these changes, use StrictMode in your app. To see detailed logs about Intent usage violations, add the following method:

Kotlin

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

Java

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

使用者體驗和系統 UI

Android 15 包含一些變更,旨在打造更一致、直覺的使用者體驗。

視窗插邊變更

There are two changes related to window insets in Android 15: edge-to-edge is enforced by default, and there are also configuration changes, such as the default configuration of system bars.

Edge-to-edge enforcement

如果應用程式以 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 為目標版本,在搭載 Android 15 的裝置上預設會顯示無邊框模式。

以 Android 14 為目標版本,但未在 Android 15 裝置上採用無邊框模式的應用程式。


如果應用程式指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 為目標,且在 Android 15 裝置上採用無邊框設計,這個應用程式主要使用 Material 3 Compose 元件,可自動套用插邊。這個畫面不會受到 Android 15 無邊框強制措施的負面影響。

這項重大變更可能會對應用程式的 UI 造成負面影響。這項異動會影響下列 UI 區域:

  • 手勢控點導覽列
    • 預設為透明。
    • 底部位移已停用,因此除非套用插邊,否則內容會在系統導覽列後方繪製。
    • setNavigationBarColorR.attr#navigationBarColor 已淘汰,不會影響手勢操作模式。
    • setNavigationBarContrastEnforcedR.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced 仍不會影響手勢操作模式。
  • 三按鈕操作
    • 預設不透明度為 80%,顏色可能與視窗背景相符。
    • 底部偏移已停用,因此內容會在系統導覽列後方繪製,除非套用插邊。
    • setNavigationBarColorR.attr#navigationBarColor 預設會設為與視窗背景相符。如要套用此預設值,視窗背景必須是顏色可繪項目。這個 API 已淘汰,但仍會影響三按鈕操作模式。
    • setNavigationBarContrastEnforcedR.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced 預設為 true,這會在三按鈕操作列中加入 80% 不透明度的背景。
  • 狀態列
    • 預設為透明。
    • 頂端位移已停用,因此除非套用插邊,否則內容會在狀態列後方繪製。
    • setStatusBarColorR.attr#statusBarColor 已淘汰,對 Android 15 沒有影響。
    • setStatusBarContrastEnforcedR.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced 已淘汰,但仍會影響 Android 15。
  • 螢幕凹口
    • 非浮動視窗的 layoutInDisplayCutoutMode 必須為 LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYSSHORT_EDGESNEVERDEFAULT 會解讀為 ALWAYS,這樣使用者就不會看到因螢幕凹口而產生的黑邊,且畫面會顯示到螢幕邊框。

以下範例顯示應用程式在指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 前後,以及套用插邊前後的樣貌。

以 Android 14 為目標版本,但未在 Android 15 裝置上採用無邊框模式的應用程式。
如果應用程式指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 為目標,且在 Android 15 裝置上採用無邊框設計,不過,由於 Android 15 強制採用無邊框設計,許多元素現在會遭到狀態列、3 鍵導覽列或螢幕凹口遮蔽。隱藏的 UI 包括 Material 2 頂端應用程式列、懸浮動作按鈕和清單項目。
如果應用程式以 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 為目標,且在 Android 15 裝置上採用無邊框設計,並套用插邊,就不會隱藏 UI。
如果應用程式已採用無邊框設計,請檢查下列事項

如果您的應用程式已無邊框並套用插邊,則大多不會受到影響,但下列情況除外。不過,即使您認為應用程式不受影響,我們仍建議您進行測試。

  • 您有非浮動視窗,例如使用 SHORT_EDGESNEVERDEFAULT 而不是 LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYSActivity。如果應用程式在啟動時當機,可能是因為啟動畫面。您可以將核心啟動畫面依附元件升級至 1.2.0-alpha01 以上版本,或設定 window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always
  • 可能會有流量較低的畫面,且使用者介面遭到遮蔽。確認這些較少造訪的畫面沒有遭到遮蔽的 UI。流量較低的螢幕包括:
    • 新手上路或登入畫面
    • 設定頁面
如果應用程式尚未採用無邊框設計,請檢查下列項目

如果您的應用程式尚未採用無邊框設計,很可能就會受到影響。除了已採用無邊框設計的應用程式情境,您也應考量下列事項:

  • 如果應用程式在 Compose 中使用 Material 3 元件 (androidx.compose.material3),例如 TopAppBarBottomAppBarNavigationBar,這些元件可能會不受影響,因為它們會自動處理插邊。
  • 如果應用程式使用 Compose 的 Material 2 元件 (androidx.compose.material),這類元件本身不會自動處理插邊。不過,您可以存取插邊,然後手動套用。在 androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 以上版本,請使用 windowInsets 參數,為 BottomAppBarTopAppBarBottomNavigationNavigationRail 手動套用插邊。同樣地,對 Scaffold 也是使用 contentWindowInsets 參數。
  • 如果應用程式使用 Views 和 Material 元件 (com.google.android.material),您可能不需採取額外行動,因為大多數以 Views 為基礎的 Material 元件 (例如 BottomNavigationViewBottomAppBarNavigationRailViewNavigationView) 都會處理插邊。不過,如果您使用 AppBarLayout,就需要新增 android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
  • 如果是自訂可組合函式,請手動將插邊套用為邊框間距。如果內容位於 Scaffold 內,您可以使用Scaffold 邊框間距值取用插邊。否則,請使用其中一個 WindowInsets 套用邊框間距。
  • 如果應用程式使用 Views 和 BottomSheetSideSheet 或自訂容器,請使用 ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener 套用邊框間距。對於 RecyclerView,也請使用這個事件監聽器套用邊框間距,同時新增 clipToPadding="false"
如果應用程式必須提供自訂背景保護功能,請檢查下列事項

如果應用程式必須為三按鈕操作模式或狀態列提供自訂背景保護,應用程式應使用 WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() 取得三按鈕操作模式導覽列高度或 WindowInsets.Type#statusBars,在系統列後方放置可組合函式或檢視區塊。

其他無邊框資源

如要進一步瞭解如何套用插邊,請參閱「無邊框檢視區塊」和「無邊框 Compose」指南。

已淘汰的 API

下列 API 已淘汰,但尚未停用:

下列 API 已停用:

Stable configuration

如果應用程式指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 以上版本,Configuration系統不會再排除系統資訊列。如果您在 Configuration 類別中使用螢幕大小進行版面配置計算,請視需求改用適當的 ViewGroupWindowInsetsWindowMetricsCalculator 等更合適的替代方案。

Configuration 自 API 1 起就已推出,這項資訊通常來自 Activity.onConfigurationChanged。例如視窗密度、方向和大小。從 Configuration 傳回的視窗大小有一項重要特徵,就是先前會排除系統資訊列。

設定大小通常用於資源選取 (例如 /res/layout-h500dp),這仍是有效的用途。不過,我們一直不建議使用這項屬性計算版面配置。如果這樣做,請立即遠離該裝置。視用途而定,您應將 Configuration 替換為更合適的項目。

如果使用它來計算版面配置,請使用適當的 ViewGroup,例如 CoordinatorLayoutConstraintLayout。如要使用這項屬性判斷系統導覽列的高度,請使用 WindowInsets。如要瞭解應用程式視窗的目前大小,請使用 computeCurrentWindowMetrics

下列清單說明這項異動會影響的欄位:

elegantTextHeight 屬性預設為 true

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), the elegantTextHeight TextView attribute becomes true by default, replacing the compact font used by default with some scripts that have large vertical metrics with one that is much more readable. The compact font was introduced to prevent breaking layouts; Android 13 (API level 33) prevents many of these breakages by allowing the text layout to stretch the vertical height utilizing the fallbackLineSpacing attribute.

In Android 15, the compact font still remains in the system, so your app can set elegantTextHeight to false to get the same behavior as before, but it is unlikely to be supported in upcoming releases. So, if your app supports the following scripts: Arabic, Lao, Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Telugu or Thai, test your app by setting elegantTextHeight to true.

elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) and lower.
elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 15.

複雜字母形狀的 TextView 寬度變化

在舊版 Android 中,部分草書字型或形狀複雜的語言,可能會在前一個或下一個字元的區域中繪製字母。在某些情況下,這類信件會在開頭或結尾處遭到裁切。自 Android 15 起,TextView 會分配寬度,以便繪製這類字母的空間,並允許應用程式要求左側額外的邊框間距,以防裁剪。

由於這項變更會影響 TextView 決定寬度的做法,因此如果應用程式指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 以上版本,TextView 預設會分配更多寬度。您可以在 TextView 上呼叫 setUseBoundsForWidth API,啟用或停用這項行為。

由於新增左邊邊框間距可能會導致現有版面配置不對齊,因此即使應用程式指定 Android 15 以上版本,也不會預設新增邊框間距。不過,您可以呼叫 setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang 新增額外的邊框間距,避免發生裁剪情形。

以下範例說明這些變更如何改善部分字型和語言的文字版面配置。

以草書字型顯示的英文文字標準版面配置。部分字母會遭到裁剪。以下是對應的 XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />
相同英文文字的版面配置,具有額外寬度和邊框間距。以下是對應的 XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />
泰文的標準版面配置。部分字母遭到裁剪。 以下是對應的 XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />
相同泰文文字的版面配置,並增加寬度和邊框間距。以下是對應的 XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

EditText 的預設行高會因應語言代碼而異

In previous versions of Android, the text layout stretched the height of the text to meet the line height of the font that matched the current locale. For example, if the content was in Japanese, because the line height of the Japanese font is slightly larger than the one of a Latin font, the height of the text became slightly larger. However, despite these differences in line heights, the EditText element was sized uniformly, regardless of the locale being used, as illustrated in the following image:

Three boxes representing EditText elements that can contain text from English (en), Japanese (ja), and Burmese (my). The height of the EditText is the same, even though these languages have different line heights from each other.

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), a minimum line height is now reserved for EditText to match the reference font for the specified Locale, as shown in the following image:

Three boxes representing EditText elements that can contain text from English (en), Japanese (ja), and Burmese (my). The height of the EditText now includes space to accommodate the default line height for these languages' fonts.

If needed, your app can restore the previous behavior by specifying the useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum attribute to false, and your app can set custom minimum vertical metrics using the setMinimumFontMetrics API in Kotlin and Java.

相機和媒體

Android 15 對指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式,進行了下列攝影機和媒體行為變更。

要求音訊焦點的限制

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) must be the top app or running a foreground service in order to request audio focus. If an app attempts to request focus when it does not meet one of these requirements, the call returns AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

You can learn more about audio focus at Manage audio focus.

更新非 SDK 限制

Android 15 includes updated lists of restricted non-SDK interfaces based on collaboration with Android developers and the latest internal testing. Whenever possible, we make sure that public alternatives are available before we restrict non-SDK interfaces.

If your app does not target Android 15, some of these changes might not immediately affect you. However, while it's possible for your app to access some non-SDK interfaces depending on your app's target API level, using any non-SDK method or field always carries a high risk of breaking your app.

If you are unsure if your app uses non-SDK interfaces, you can test your app to find out. If your app relies on non-SDK interfaces, you should begin planning a migration to SDK alternatives. Nevertheless, we understand that some apps have valid use cases for using non-SDK interfaces. If you can't find an alternative to using a non-SDK interface for a feature in your app, you should request a new public API.

To learn more about the changes in this release of Android, see Updates to non-SDK interface restrictions in Android 15. To learn more about non-SDK interfaces generally, see Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces.