行為變更：指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式

和先前版本一樣，Android 15 也包含可能會影響應用程式的行為變更。以下行為變更僅適用於指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式。如果您的應用程式指定 Android 15 以上版本，建議您視情況修改應用程式，以支援這些行為。

此外，無論應用程式的 targetSdkVersion 為何，請務必查看影響所有在 Android 15 上執行的應用程式行為變更清單。

核心功能

Android 15 修改或擴充了 Android 系統的各種核心功能。

前景服務異動

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

• Data sync foreground service timeout behavior
• New media processing foreground service type
• Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services
• Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 為指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 以上版本為目標版本的應用程式，在 dataSync 中導入新的逾時行為。這項行為也適用於新的mediaProcessing前景服務類型。

系統允許應用程式的 dataSync 服務在 24 小時內執行總共 6 小時，之後系統會呼叫執行中的服務 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法 (在 Android 15 中推出)。此時，服務有幾秒的時間可以呼叫 Service.stopSelf()。呼叫 Service.onTimeout() 後，系統就不會再將服務視為前景服務。如果服務未呼叫 Service.stopSelf()，系統會擲回內部例外狀況。例外狀況會記錄在 Logcat 中，並顯示以下訊息：

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

如要避免這項行為變更帶來的問題，您可以執行下列一或多項操作：

1. 讓您的服務實作新的 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法。應用程式收到回呼時，請務必在幾秒內呼叫 stopSelf()。(如果您沒有立即停止應用程式，系統會產生失敗)。
2. 確認應用程式的 dataSync 服務在任何 24 小時內的執行時間不超過 6 小時 (除非使用者與應用程式互動，並重設計時器)。
3. 只有在使用者直接互動時才啟動 dataSync 前景服務；由於您的應用程式在服務啟動後位於前景，因此應用程式進入背景後，您的服務剩下六小時。
4. 請改用其他 API，而非 dataSync 前景服務。

如果應用程式的 dataSync 前景服務在過去 24 小時內已執行 6 小時，您就無法啟動其他 dataSync 前景服務，除非使用者將應用程式移至前景 (這樣會重設計時器)。如果您嘗試啟動另一項 dataSync 前景服務，系統會擲回 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException，並顯示錯誤訊息「Time limit is Of for 前景服務類型 dataSync」

測試

如要測試應用程式的行為，您可以啟用資料同步處理逾時，即使應用程式並非以 Android 15 為目標版本 (只要應用程式是在 Android 15 裝置上執行)，也能啟用。如要啟用逾時值，請執行下列 adb 指令：

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

您也可以調整逾時期限，方便測試應用程式在達到限制時的行為。如要設定新的逾時期限，請執行下列 adb 指令：

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 introduces a new foreground service type, mediaProcessing. This service type is appropriate for operations like transcoding media files. For example, a media app might download an audio file and need to convert it to a different format before playing it. You can use a mediaProcessing foreground service to make sure the conversion continues even while the app is in the background.

The system permits an app's mediaProcessing services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid having the exception, you can do one of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's mediaProcessing services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start mediaProcessing foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a mediaProcessing foreground service, use an alternative API, like WorkManager.

If your app's mediaProcessing foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another mediaProcessing foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another mediaProcessing foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type mediaProcessing".

For more information about the mediaProcessing service type, see Changes to foreground service types for Android 15: Media processing.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable media processing timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

There are new restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services. BOOT_COMPLETED receivers are not allowed to launch the following types of foreground services:

• dataSync
• camera
• mediaPlayback
• phoneCall
• mediaProjection
• microphone (this restriction has been in place for microphone since Android 14)

If a BOOT_COMPLETED receiver tries to launch any of those types of foreground services, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). Run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

To send a BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast without restarting the device, run the following adb command:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Previously, if an app held the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission, it could launch a foreground service even if the app was currently in the background (as discussed in exemptions from background start restrictions).

If an app targets Android 15, this exemption is now narrower. The app now needs to have the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and also have a visible overlay window. That is, the app needs to first launch a TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY window and the window needs to be visible before you start a foreground service.

If your app attempts to start a foreground service from the background without meeting these new requirements (and it does not have some other exemption), the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If your app declares the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and launches foreground services from the background, it may be affected by this change. If your app gets a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException, check your app's order of operations and make sure your app already has an active overlay window before it attempts to start a foreground service from the background. You can check if your overlay window is currently visible by calling View.getWindowVisibility(), or you can override View.onWindowVisibilityChanged() to get notified whenever the visibility changes.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable these new restrictions on starting foreground services from the background, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

應用程式可修改「零打擾」模式全域狀態的時間異動

指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 以上版本的應用程式，將無法再變更裝置上的勿擾模式 (DND) 全域狀態或政策 (透過修改使用者設定或關閉勿擾模式)。相反地，應用程式必須提供 AutomaticZenRule，系統會將其與現有的最嚴格政策優先方案結合為全域政策。呼叫先前影響全域狀態的現有 API (setInterruptionFilter、setNotificationPolicy) 會導致建立或更新隱含的 AutomaticZenRule，而 AutomaticZenRule 的開啟和關閉狀態會根據這些 API 呼叫的呼叫週期而定。

請注意，只有在應用程式呼叫 setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) 且預期該呼叫會停用先前由其擁有者啟用的 AutomaticZenRule 時，這項變更才會影響可觀察的行為。

OpenJDK API 變更

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

Some of these changes can affect app compatibility for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35):

• Changes to string formatting APIs: Validation of argument index, flags, width, and precision are now more strict when using the following String.format() and Formatter.format() APIs:

  • String.format(String, Object[])
  • String.format(Locale, String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(Locale, String, Object[])

  For example, the following exception is thrown when an argument index of 0 is used (%0 in the format string):

  IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0
  

  In this case, the issue can be fixed by using an argument index of 1 (%1 in the format string).

• Changes to component type of Arrays.asList(...).toArray(): When using Arrays.asList(...).toArray(), the component type of the resulting array is now an Object—not the type of the underlying array's elements. So the following code throws a ClassCastException:

  String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();
  

  For this case, to preserve String as the component type in the resulting array, you could use Collection.toArray(Object[]) instead:

  String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);
  

• Changes to language code handling: When using the Locale API, language codes for Hebrew, Yiddish, and Indonesian are no longer converted to their obsolete forms (Hebrew: iw, Yiddish: ji, and Indonesian: in). When specifying the language code for one of these locales, use the codes from ISO 639-1 instead (Hebrew: he, Yiddish: yi, and Indonesian: id).

• Changes to random int sequences: Following the changes made in https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574, the following Random.ints() methods now return a different sequence of numbers than the Random.nextInt() methods do:

  • Random.ints(long)
  • Random.ints(long, int, int)
  • Random.ints(int, int)
  • Random.ints()

  Generally, this change shouldn't result in app-breaking behavior, but your code shouldn't expect the sequence generated from Random.ints() methods to match Random.nextInt().

The new SequencedCollection API can affect your app's compatibility after you update compileSdk in your app's build configuration to use Android 15 (API level 35):

• Collision with MutableList.removeFirst() and MutableList.removeLast() extension functions in kotlin-stdlib

  The List type in Java is mapped to the MutableList type in Kotlin. Because the List.removeFirst() and List.removeLast() APIs have been introduced in Android 15 (API level 35), the Kotlin compiler resolves function calls, for example list.removeFirst(), statically to the new List APIs instead of to the extension functions in kotlin-stdlib.

  If an app is re-compiled with compileSdk set to 35 and minSdk set to 34 or lower, and then the app is run on Android 14 and lower, a runtime error is thrown:

  java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
  removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;
  

  The existing NewApi lint option in Android Gradle Plugin can catch these new API usages.

  ./gradlew lint
  
  MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
        list.removeFirst()
  

  To fix the runtime exception and lint errors, the removeFirst() and removeLast() function calls can be replaced with removeAt(0) and removeAt(list.lastIndex) respectively in Kotlin. If you're using Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 or higher, it also provides a quick fix option for these errors.

  Consider removing @SuppressLint("NewApi") and lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' } if the lint option has been disabled.

• Collision with other methods in Java

  New methods have been added into the existing types, for example, List and Deque. These new methods might not be compatible with the methods with the same name and argument types in other interfaces and classes. In the case of a method signature collision with incompatibility, the javac compiler outputs a build-time error. For example:

  Example error 1:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
    public void removeLast() {
                ^
    return type void is not compatible with Object
    where E is a type-variable:
      E extends Object declared in interface List
  

  Example error 2:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
  public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
    both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
  1 error
  

  Example error 3:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
  public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
    class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
    where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
      E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
      E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
  1 error
  

  To fix these build errors, the class implementing these interfaces should override the method with a compatible return type. For example:

  @Override
  public Object getFirst() {
      return List.super.getFirst();
  }
  

安全性

Android 15 包含多項變更，可提升系統安全性，協助保護應用程式和使用者免受惡意應用程式侵害。

受限的 TLS 版本

Android 15 會限制 TLS 1.0 和 1.1 版本的使用。這些版本先前已在 Android 中淘汰，但現在已禁止用於指定 Android 15 為目標版本的應用程式。

安全啟動背景活動

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Other changes

In addition to the restriction for UID matching, these other changes are also included:

• Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
• Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
• Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
• Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
• Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

更安全的意圖

Android 15 introduces new optional security measures to make intents safer and more robust. These changes are aimed at preventing potential vulnerabilities and misuse of intents that can be exploited by malicious apps. There are two main improvements to the security of intents in Android 15:

• Match target intent-filters: Intents that target specific components must accurately match the target's intent-filter specifications. If you send an intent to launch another app's activity, the target intent component needs to align with the receiving activity's declared intent-filters.
• Intents must have actions: Intents without an action will no longer match any intent-filters. This means that intents used to start activities or services must have a clearly defined action.

In order to check how your app responds to these changes, use StrictMode in your app. To see detailed logs about Intent usage violations, add the following method:

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

使用者體驗和系統 UI

Android 15 包含一些變更，旨在打造更一致、直覺的使用者體驗。

視窗插邊變更

Android 15 有兩項與視窗內嵌相關的變更：預設會強制執行邊到邊，且有設定變更，例如系統列的預設設定。

Edge-to-edge enforcement

Apps are edge-to-edge by default on devices running Android 15 if the app is targeting Android 15 (API level 35).

This is a breaking change that might negatively impact your app's UI. The changes affect the following UI areas:

• Gesture handle navigation bar
  • Transparent by default.
  • Bottom offset is disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
  • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are deprecated and don't affect gesture navigation.
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced continue to have no effect on gesture navigation.
• 3-button navigation
  • Opacity set to 80% by default, with color possibly matching the window background.
  • Bottom offset disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
  • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are set to match the window background by default. The window background must be a color drawable for this default to apply. This API is deprecated but continues to affect 3-button navigation.
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced is true by default, which adds an 80% opaque background across 3-button navigation.
• Status bar
  • Transparent by default.
  • The top offset is disabled so content draws behind the status bar unless insets are applied.
  • setStatusBarColor and R.attr#statusBarColor are deprecated and have no effect on Android 15.
  • setStatusBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced are deprecated but still have an effect on Android 15.
• Display cutout
  • layoutInDisplayCutoutMode of non-floating windows must be LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. SHORT_EDGES, NEVER, and DEFAULT are interpreted as ALWAYS so that users don't see a black bar caused by the display cutout and appear edge-to-edge.

The following example shows an app before and after targeting Android 15 (API level 35), and before and after applying insets. This example is not comprehensive, this might appear differently on Android Auto.

What to check if your app is already edge-to-edge

If your app is already edge-to-edge and applies insets, you are mostly unimpacted, except in the following scenarios. However, even if you think you aren't impacted, we recommend you test your app.

• You have a non-floating window, such as an Activity that uses SHORT_EDGES, NEVER or DEFAULT instead of LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. If your app crashes on launch, this might be due to your splashscreen. You can either upgrade the core splashscreen dependency to 1.2.0-alpha01 or later or set window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always.
• There might be lower-traffic screens with occluded UI. Verify these less-visited screens don't have occluded UI. Lower-traffic screens include:
  • Onboarding or sign-in screens
  • Settings pages

What to check if your app is not already edge-to-edge

If your app is not already edge-to-edge, you are most likely impacted. In addition to the scenarios for apps that are already edge-to-edge, you should consider the following:

• If your app uses Material 3 Components ( androidx.compose.material3) in compose, such as TopAppBar, BottomAppBar, and NavigationBar, these components are likely not impacted because they automatically handle insets.
• If your app is using Material 2 Components ( androidx.compose.material) in Compose, these components don't automatically handle insets. However, you can get access to the insets and apply them manually. In androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 and later, use the windowInsets parameter to apply the insets manually for BottomAppBar, TopAppBar, BottomNavigation, and NavigationRail. Likewise, use the contentWindowInsets parameter for Scaffold.
• If your app uses views and Material Components (com.google.android.material), most views-based Material Components such as BottomNavigationView, BottomAppBar, NavigationRailView, or NavigationView, handle insets and require no additional work. However, you need to add android:fitsSystemWindows="true" if using AppBarLayout.
• For custom composables, apply the insets manually as padding. If your content is within a Scaffold, you can consume insets using the Scaffold padding values. Otherwise, apply padding using one of the WindowInsets.
• If your app is using views and BottomSheet, SideSheet or custom containers, apply padding using ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener. For RecyclerView, apply padding using this listener and also add clipToPadding="false".

What to check if your app must offer custom background protection

If your app must offer custom background protection to 3-button navigation or the status bar, your app should place a composable or view behind the system bar using WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() to get the 3-button navigation bar height or WindowInsets.Type#statusBars.

Additional edge-to-edge resources

See the Edge to Edge Views and Edge to Edge Compose guides for additional considerations on applying insets.

Deprecated APIs

The following APIs are deprecated but not disabled:

• R.attr#enforceStatusBarContrast
• R.attr#navigationBarColor (for 3 button navigation, with 80% alpha)
• Window#isStatusBarContrastEnforced
• Window#setNavigationBarColor (for 3 button navigation, with 80% alpha)
• Window#setStatusBarContrastEnforced

The following APIs are deprecated and disabled:

• R.attr#navigationBarColor (for gesture navigation)
• R.attr#navigationBarDividerColor
• R.attr#statusBarColor
• Window#setDecorFitsSystemWindows
• Window#getNavigationBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#getStatusBarColor
• Window#setNavigationBarColor (for gesture navigation)
• Window#setNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#setStatusBarColor

Stable configuration

If your app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher, Configuration no longer excludes the system bars. If you use the screen size in the Configuration class for layout calculation, you should replace it with better alternatives like an appropriate ViewGroup, WindowInsets, or WindowMetricsCalculator depending on your need.

Configuration has been available since API 1. It is typically obtained from Activity.onConfigurationChanged. It provides information like window density, orientation, and sizes. One important characteristic about the window sizes returned from Configuration is that it previously excluded the system bars.

The configuration size is typically used for resource selection, such as /res/layout-h500dp, and this is still a valid use case. However, using it for layout calculation has always been discouraged. If you do so, you should move away from it now. You should replace the use of Configuration with something more suitable depending on your use case.

If you use it to calculate the layout, use an appropriate ViewGroup, such as CoordinatorLayout or ConstraintLayout. If you use it to determine the height of the system navbar, use WindowInsets. If you want to know the current size of your app window, use computeCurrentWindowMetrics.

The following list describes the fields affected by this change:

• Configuration.screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp sizes no longer exclude the system bars.
• Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDp is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp.
• Configuration.orientation is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp on close-to-square devices.
• Display.getSize(Point) is indirectly affected by the changes in Configuration. This was deprecated beginning in API level 30.
• Display.getMetrics() has already worked like this since API level 33.

elegantTextHeight 屬性預設為 true

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), the elegantTextHeight TextView attribute becomes true by default, replacing the compact font used by default with some scripts that have large vertical metrics with one that is much more readable. The compact font was introduced to prevent breaking layouts; Android 13 (API level 33) prevents many of these breakages by allowing the text layout to stretch the vertical height utilizing the fallbackLineSpacing attribute.

In Android 15, the compact font still remains in the system, so your app can set elegantTextHeight to false to get the same behavior as before, but it is unlikely to be supported in upcoming releases. So, if your app supports the following scripts: Arabic, Lao, Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Telugu or Thai, test your app by setting elegantTextHeight to true.

複雜字母形狀的 TextView 寬度變化

In previous versions of Android, some cursive fonts or languages that have complex shaping might draw the letters in the previous or next character's area. In some cases, such letters were clipped at the beginning or ending position. Starting in Android 15, a TextView allocates width for drawing enough space for such letters and allows apps to request extra paddings to the left to prevent clipping.

Because this change affects how a TextView decides the width, TextView allocates more width by default if the app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. You can enable or disable this behavior by calling the setUseBoundsForWidth API on TextView.

Because adding left padding might cause a misalignment for existing layouts, the padding is not added by default even for apps that target Android 15 or higher. However, you can add extra padding to preventing clipping by calling setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang.

The following examples show how these changes can improve text layout for some fonts and languages.

Standard layout for English text in a cursive font. Some of the letters are clipped. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />

Layout for the same English text with additional width and padding. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

Standard layout for Thai text. Some of the letters are clipped. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />

Layout for the same Thai text with additional width and padding. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

EditText 的預設行高會因語言代碼而異

在 Android 先前版本中，文字版面配置會拉伸文字高度，以符合與目前語言代碼相符的字型行高。舉例來說，如果內容是日文，由於日文字型的行高略大於拉丁字型，因此文字高度會稍微變高。不過，儘管行高有這些差異，EditText 元素的大小仍保持一致，不受使用語言代碼影響，如下圖所示：

針對指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 的應用程式，現在會為 EditText 保留最小行高，以便與指定語言代碼的參考字型相符，如以下圖片所示：

如有需要，應用程式可以將 useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum 屬性指定為 false，藉此還原先前的行為，並使用 Kotlin 和 Java 中的 setMinimumFontMetrics API 設定自訂的垂直最小指標。

相機和媒體

Android 15 對指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式，進行了下列攝影機和媒體行為變更。

要求音訊焦點的限制

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) must be the top app or running a foreground service in order to request audio focus. If an app attempts to request focus when it does not meet one of these requirements, the call returns AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

You can learn more about audio focus at Manage audio focus.

更新非 SDK 限制

基於與 Android 開發人員合作及最新的內部測試，Android 15 包含更新後的受限制非 SDK 介面清單。在限制非 SDK 介面之前，我們盡可能確保公開替代方案的可得性。

如果您的應用程式並不是以 Android 15 為目標版本，則此處所述的某些變更可能不會立即對您造成影響。不過，應用程式視目標 API 級別而定，可能可以存取某些非 SDK 介面，但使用任何非 SDK 方法或欄位時，應用程式停止運作的風險極高。

如果不確定應用程式是否使用非 SDK 介面，可測試應用程式以便確認。如果應用程式仰賴非 SDK 介面，則應開始規劃遷移至 SDK 替代方案。不過我們瞭解，有些應用程式可使用非 SDK 介面運作。如果您除了為應用程式中的某個功能使用非 SDK 介面外，已別無他法，則應要求新的公用 API。

To learn more about the changes in this release of Android, see Updates to non-SDK interface restrictions in Android 15. To learn more about non-SDK interfaces generally, see Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces.