Descripción general de las funciones y API

Android 14 incluye excelentes funciones y APIs para desarrolladores. A continuación, se incluye información que te ayudará a conocer las funciones de tus apps y a comenzar a usar las APIs relacionadas.

Para obtener una lista detallada de las APIs agregadas, modificadas y quitadas, consulta el informe de diferencias de la API. Para obtener detalles sobre las APIs agregadas, consulta la referencia de la API de Android. En Android 14, busca las APIs que se agregaron en el nivel de API 34. Para obtener información sobre las áreas en las que los cambios de la plataforma podrían afectar tus apps, asegúrate de revisar los cambios en el comportamiento de Android 14 para apps orientadas a Android 14 y para todas las apps.

Internacionalización

Preferencias de idioma de las apps

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

API de Grammatical Inflection

Tres mil millones de personas hablan idiomas con género, es decir, idiomas en los que las categorías gramaticales, como sustantivos, verbos, adjetivos y preposiciones, inflexionan según el género de las personas y los objetos con las que te comunicas o sobre los que hablas. Tradicionalmente, muchos idiomas con género usan el género gramatical masculino como el género predeterminado o genérico.

Dirigirse a usuarios con un género gramatical incorrecto, por ejemplo, a mujeres con género gramatical masculino, puede tener un impacto negativo en su rendimiento y actitud. Por el contrario, una IU con un lenguaje que refleja, de forma correcta, el género gramatical del usuario puede mejorar su participación y proporcionar una experiencia más personalizada y más natural.

To help you build a user-centric UI for gendered languages, Android 14 introduces the Grammatical Inflection API, which lets you add support for grammatical gender without refactoring your app.

Preferencias regionales

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Accesibilidad

Escalamiento de fuente no lineal al 200%

A partir de Android 14, el sistema admite el escalamiento de la fuente hasta el 200%, lo que les brinda a los usuarios con visión reducida opciones de accesibilidad adicionales que se alinean con las Pautas de Accesibilidad al Contenido Web (WCAG).

Para evitar que los elementos de texto grandes en la pantalla amplíen demasiado, el sistema aplica una curva de escalamiento no lineal. Esta estrategia de escalamiento implica que el texto grande no escala a la misma velocidad que uno más pequeño. El escalamiento de fuente no lineal permite preservar la jerarquía proporcional entre elementos de diferentes tamaños, a la vez que mitiga los problemas con el escalamiento lineal de texto en grados altos (como el texto cortado o el texto que se vuelve más difícil de leer por su gran tamaño de visualización).

Prueba tu app con escalamiento de fuente no lineal

Habilita el tamaño máximo de fuente en la configuración de accesibilidad de un dispositivo para probar tu app.

Si ya usas unidades de píxeles ajustados (sp) para definir el tamaño del texto, estas opciones adicionales y mejoras de escalamiento se aplican automáticamente al texto de tu app. Sin embargo, debes realizar pruebas de IU con el tamaño de fuente máximo habilitado (200%) para asegurarte de que tu app aplique los tamaños de fuente correctamente y pueda admitir tamaños de fuente más grandes sin afectar la usabilidad.

Para habilitar el tamaño de la fuente al 200%, sigue estos pasos:

  1. Abre la app de Configuración y dirígete a Accesibilidad > Tamaño y texto de la pantalla.
  2. En la opción Tamaño de fuente, presiona el ícono de signo más (+) hasta que se habilite la configuración de tamaño máximo de fuente, como se muestra en la imagen que acompaña esta sección.

Usa unidades de píxeles ajustados (sp) para los tamaños de texto

Recuerda especificar siempre los tamaños de texto en unidades sp. Cuándo tu app usa unidades de sp, Android puede aplicar el tamaño de texto preferido del usuario y a escalarla adecuadamente.

No uses unidades de sp para el padding ni definas alturas de vista con padding implícito: con dimensiones de sp de escalamiento de fuente no lineal que pueden no ser proporcionales, por lo que 4 sp + 20 sp podría no ser igual a 24 sp.

Convierte unidades de píxeles ajustados (sp)

Usa TypedValue.applyDimension() para convertir unidades de sp en píxeles y TypedValue.deriveDimension() para convertir píxeles en sp. Estos métodos aplican automáticamente la curva de escalamiento no lineal correcta.

Evita codificar la ecuación mediante Configuration.fontScale o DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Como el escalamiento de fuente es no lineal, el campo scaledDensity ya no es exacto. El fontScale solo se debe usar con fines informativos porque las fuentes ya no se escala con un solo valor escalar.

Usa unidades de sp para lineHeight

Siempre define android:lineHeight con unidades de sp en lugar de dp, de modo que la altura de la línea se ajuste junto con el texto. De lo contrario, si tu texto es sp, pero tu lineHeight está en dp o px, no se ajusta y se ve apretado. TextView corrige automáticamente el elemento lineHeight para que la respuesta deseada se conservan las proporciones, pero solo si se modifican textSize y lineHeight se define en unidades sp.

Cámara y contenido multimedia

Ultra HDR para imágenes

An illustration of Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) versus High Dynamic Range (HDR) image quality.

Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.

Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a manifest entry or at runtime by calling Window.setColorMode(). You can also capture compressed Ultra HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The Gainmap associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render them using OpenGL or Vulkan.

Zoom, enfoque, Postview y más en las extensiones de cámara

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

Zoom en el sensor

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

Audio USB sin pérdida

Android 14 gains support for lossless audio formats for audiophile-level experiences over USB wired headsets. You can query a USB device for its preferred mixer attributes, register a listener for changes in preferred mixer attributes, and configure mixer attributes using the AudioMixerAttributes class. This class represents the format, such as channel mask, sample rate, and behavior of the audio mixer. The class allows for audio to be sent directly, without mixing, volume adjustment, or processing effects.

Productividad y herramientas para desarrolladores

Credential Manager

Android 14 agrega Credential Manager como una API de la plataforma, con compatibilidad adicional con dispositivos Android 4.4 (nivel de API 19) a través de una biblioteca de Jetpack que usa los Servicios de Google Play. El objetivo de Credential Manager es facilitar el acceso de los usuarios con APIs que recuperan y almacenan credenciales con proveedores de credenciales configurados por el usuario. El Administrador de credenciales admite varios métodos de acceso, como nombres de usuario y contraseñas, llaves de acceso y soluciones de acceso federado (como Acceder con Google) en una sola API.

Las llaves de acceso ofrecen muchas ventajas. Por ejemplo, las llaves de acceso se basan en estándares de la industria, pueden funcionar en diferentes sistemas operativos y ecosistemas de navegadores, y se pueden usar con sitios web y apps.

Para obtener más información, consulta la documentación de Credential Manager y las llaves de acceso y la entrada de blog sobre Credential Manager y las llaves de acceso.

Health Connect

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

Actualizaciones de OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Mejoras para tiendas de aplicaciones

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

Paquetes de metadatos de la app

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Detecta cuando los usuarios toman capturas de pantalla del dispositivo

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

Experiencia del usuario

Acciones personalizadas y clasificación mejorada de Sharesheet

Android 14 actualiza la hoja compartida del sistema para admitir acciones personalizadas de la app y resultados informativos de la versión preliminar para los usuarios.

Agrega acciones personalizadas

Con Android 14, tu app puede agregar acciones personalizadas a la hoja compartida del sistema que invoca.

Captura de pantalla de las acciones personalizadas en la hoja compartida.

Mejora la clasificación de los objetivos de Direct Share

Android 14 usa más indicadores de las apps para determinar la clasificación de los objetivos de Direct Share para proporcionarles resultados más útiles al usuario. Para proporcionar el indicador más útil para la clasificación, sigue las instrucciones para mejorar las clasificaciones de tus objetivos de Direct Share. Las apps de comunicación también pueden informar el uso de combinaciones de teclas para los mensajes entrantes y salientes.

Fila de uso compartido directo en la hoja compartida, como se muestra en 1

Compatibilidad con animaciones integradas y personalizadas para el gesto atrás predictivo

Video: Predictive back animations

Android 13 introduced the predictive back-to-home animation behind a developer option. When used in a supported app with the developer option enabled, swiping back shows an animation indicating that the back gesture exits the app back to the home screen.

Android 14 includes multiple improvements and new guidance for Predictive Back:

With this Android 14 preview release, all features of Predictive Back remain behind a developer option. See the developer guide to migrate your app to predictive back, as well as the developer guide to creating custom in-app transitions.

Anulaciones por app del fabricante de dispositivos con pantalla grande

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Anulaciones por app para usuarios de pantallas grandes

Per-app overrides change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE device manufacturer override sets the app aspect ratio to 16:9 regardless of the app's configuration.

Android 14 QPR1 enables users to apply per‑app overrides by means of a new settings menu on large screen devices.

Compartir pantalla de una app

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

Respuesta inteligente potenciada por LLM en Gboard en el Pixel 8 Pro

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

Gráficos

Las rutas de acceso son consultables e interpolables

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Mallas personalizadas con sombreadores de vértices y fragmentos

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Renderizador de búfer de hardware para Canvas

Para ayudar a usar la API de Canvas de Android y dibujar con aceleración de hardware en un HardwareBuffer, Android 14 presenta HardwareBufferRenderer. Esta API es particularmente útil cuando tu caso de uso involucra la comunicación con el sistema a través de SurfaceControl para una latencia baja dibujo.