Funktionen und APIs – Übersicht

Android 14 bietet tolle Funktionen und APIs für Entwickler. Im Folgenden erfahren Sie mehr über Funktionen für Ihre Apps und erhalten einen Einstieg in die zugehörigen APIs.

Eine detaillierte Liste der hinzugefügten, geänderten und entfernten APIs finden Sie im API-Diff-Bericht. Weitere Informationen zu den hinzugefügten APIs finden Sie in der Android API-Referenz. Suchen Sie bei Android 14 nach APIs, die in API-Level 34 hinzugefügt wurden. Informationen dazu, in welchen Bereichen sich Plattformänderungen auf Ihre Apps auswirken können, finden Sie in den Änderungen am Verhalten von Android 14 für Apps, die auf Android 14 ausgerichtet sind und in den Änderungen am Verhalten von Android 14 für alle Apps.

Lokalisierung

App-spezifische Spracheinstellungen

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

• Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

• Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

• App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

Grammatical Inflection API

3 billion people speak gendered languages: languages where grammatical categories—such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositions—inflect according to the gender of people and objects you talk to or about. Traditionally, many gendered languages use masculine grammatical gender as the default or generic gender.

Addressing users in the wrong grammatical gender, such as addressing women in masculine grammatical gender, can negatively impact their performance and attitude. In contrast, a UI with language that correctly reflects the user's grammatical gender can improve user engagement and provide a more personalized and natural-sounding user experience.

To help you build a user-centric UI for gendered languages, Android 14 introduces the Grammatical Inflection API, which lets you add support for grammatical gender without refactoring your app.

Regionale Präferenzen

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.

Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Bedienungshilfen

Nicht lineare Schriftskalierung auf 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

Kamera und Medien

Ultra HDR für Bilder

Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.

Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a manifest entry or at runtime by calling Window.setColorMode(). You can also capture compressed Ultra HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The Gainmap associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render them using OpenGL or Vulkan.

Zoom, Fokus, Postview und mehr in Kameraerweiterungen

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

• Dynamic still capture processing latency estimation provides much more accurate still capture latency estimates based on the current scene and environment conditions. Call CameraExtensionSession.getRealtimeStillCaptureLatency() to get a StillCaptureLatency object that has two latency estimation methods. The getCaptureLatency() method returns the estimated latency between onCaptureStarted and onCaptureProcessStarted(), and the getProcessingLatency() method returns the estimated latency between onCaptureProcessStarted() and the final processed frame being available.
• Support for capture progress callbacks so that apps can display the current progress of long-running, still-capture processing operations. You can check if this feature is available with CameraExtensionCharacteristics.isCaptureProcessProgressAvailable, and if it is, you implement the onCaptureProcessProgressed() callback, which has the progress (from 0 to 100) passed in as a parameter.

• Extension specific metadata, such as CaptureRequest.EXTENSION_STRENGTH for dialing in the amount of an extension effect, such as the amount of background blur with EXTENSION_BOKEH.

• Postview Feature for Still Capture in camera extensions, which provides a less-processed image more quickly than the final image. If an extension has increased processing latency, a postview image could be provided as a placeholder to improve UX and switched out later for the final image. You can check if this feature is available with CameraExtensionCharacteristics.isPostviewAvailable. Then you can pass an OutputConfiguration to ExtensionSessionConfiguration.setPostviewOutputConfiguration.

• Support for SurfaceView allowing for a more optimized and power-efficient preview render path.

• Support for tap to focus and zoom during extension usage.

Zoomen im Sensor

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

Verlustfreie USB-Audioübertragung

Android 14 unterstützt verlustfreie Audioformate für audiophile Wiedergaben über kabelgebundene USB-Headsets. Sie können ein USB-Gerät nach den bevorzugten Mischpultattributen abfragen, einen Listener für Änderungen der bevorzugten Mischpultattribute registrieren und Mischgeräteattribute mithilfe der Klasse AudioMixerAttributes konfigurieren. Diese Klasse stellt das Format dar, z. B. Kanalmaske, Abtastrate und Verhalten des Audiomixers. Mit dieser Klasse können Audioinhalte direkt ohne Vermischung, Lautstärkeanpassung oder Verarbeitungseffekte gesendet werden.

Produktivität und Tools für Entwickler

Anmeldedaten-Manager

Unter Android 14 wird der Credential Manager als Plattform-API hinzugefügt. Geräte mit Android 4.4 (API-Level 19) werden über eine Jetpack-Bibliothek mit Google Play-Diensten wieder unterstützt. Der Credential Manager soll Nutzern die Anmeldung erleichtern. Dazu werden APIs verwendet, die Anmeldedaten bei von Nutzern konfigurierten Anmeldedatenanbietern abrufen und speichern. Die Anmeldedatenverwaltung unterstützt mehrere Anmeldemethoden, darunter Nutzername und Passwort, Passkeys und Lösungen für föderierte Anmeldungen (z. B. „Über Google anmelden“) in einer einzigen API.

Passkeys bieten viele Vorteile. Passkeys basieren beispielsweise auf Branchenstandards, können mit verschiedenen Betriebssystemen und Browsern sowie auf Websites und in Apps verwendet werden.

Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der Dokumentation zu Anmeldedatenmanager und Passkeys und im Blogpost zur Anmeldedatenverwaltung und Passkeys.

Health Connect

Health Connect ist ein On-Device-Repository für Gesundheits- und Fitnessdaten von Nutzern. Nutzer können damit Daten zwischen ihren bevorzugten Anwendungen teilen. Sie können zentral steuern, welche Daten mit diesen Anwendungen geteilt werden sollen.

Auf Geräten mit Android-Versionen vor Android 14 kann Health Connect als App im Google Play Store heruntergeladen werden. Ab Android 14 ist Health Connect Teil der Plattform und erhält Updates über Google Play-Systemupdates, ohne dass ein separater Download erforderlich ist. Health Connect kann so häufig aktualisiert werden und deine Apps können darauf vertrauen, dass Health Connect auf Geräten mit Android 14 oder höher verfügbar ist. Nutzer können über die Einstellungen ihres Geräts auf Health Connect zugreifen. Die Datenschutzeinstellungen sind in die Systemeinstellungen integriert.

Nutzer können Health Connect auf Geräten mit Android 14 oder höher ohne separaten App-Download verwenden.

Nutzer können über die Systemeinstellungen festlegen, welche Apps Zugriff auf ihre Gesundheits- und Fitnessdaten haben.

Health Connect enthält mehrere neue Funktionen in Android 14, z. B. Trainingsrouten, mit denen Nutzer eine Strecke ihres Trainings teilen können, die auf einer Karte visualisiert werden kann. Eine Route ist als Liste von Orten definiert, die innerhalb eines Zeitfensters gespeichert werden. Deine App kann Routen in Trainingssitzungen einfügen und diese miteinander verknüpfen. Damit Nutzer die vollständige Kontrolle über diese sensiblen Daten haben, müssen sie die Freigabe einzelner Routen für andere Anwendungen zulassen.

Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der Dokumentation zu Health Connection und im Blogpost zu Neu bei Android Health.

OpenJDK 17-Updates

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

• Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
• Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
• Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
• Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Verbesserungen für App-Shops

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

App-Metadaten-Bundles

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Erkennen, wenn Nutzer Screenshots auf dem Gerät erstellen

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

Nutzererfahrung

Benutzerdefinierte Aktionen für die Freigabeseite und verbessertes Ranking

Mit Android 14 wird das System-Sharesheet aktualisiert, um z. B. benutzerdefinierte App-Aktionen zu unterstützen für Nutzer informative Vorschauergebnisse.

Benutzerdefinierte Aktionen hinzufügen

Mit Android 14 kann Ihre App dem aufgerufenen System-Sharesheet benutzerdefinierte Aktionen hinzufügen.

Rang der Ziele für die direkte Freigabe verbessern

Unter Android 14 werden mehr Signale aus Apps verwendet, um das Ranking der Ziele für die direkte Freigabe zu bestimmen und so hilfreichere Ergebnisse für den Nutzer zu liefern. Um das aussagekräftigste Signal für das Ranking zu liefern, befolgen Sie die Richtlinien für Verbesserung des Rankings Ihrer Direct Share-Ziele Kommunikations-Apps können auch die Nutzung von Kurzbefehlen melden für ausgehende und eingehende Nachrichten.

Unterstützung für integrierte und benutzerdefinierte Animationen für die intelligente „Zurück“-Touch-Geste

Android 13 introduced the predictive back-to-home animation behind a developer option. When used in a supported app with the developer option enabled, swiping back shows an animation indicating that the back gesture exits the app back to the home screen.

Android 14 includes multiple improvements and new guidance for Predictive Back:

• You can set android:enableOnBackInvokedCallback=true to opt in to predictive back system animations per-Activity instead of for the entire app.
• We've added new system animations to accompany the back-to-home animation from Android 13. The new system animations are cross-activity and cross-task, which you get automatically after migrating to Predictive Back.
• We've added new Material Component animations for Bottom sheets, Side sheets, and Search.
• We've created design guidance for creating custom in-app animations and transitions.
• We've added new APIs to support custom in-app transition animations:
  • handleOnBackStarted, handleOnBackProgressed, handleOnBackCancelled in OnBackPressedCallback
  • onBackStarted, onBackProgressed, onBackCancelled in OnBackAnimationCallback
  • Use overrideActivityTransition instead of overridePendingTransition for transitions that respond as the user swipes back.

With this Android 14 preview release, all features of Predictive Back remain behind a developer option. See the developer guide to migrate your app to predictive back, as well as the developer guide to creating custom in-app transitions.

App-spezifische Überschreibungen von Geräteherstellern mit großem Display

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Nutzer mit großem Bildschirm – App-spezifische Überschreibungen

Per-app overrides change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE device manufacturer override sets the app aspect ratio to 16:9 regardless of the app's configuration.

Android 14 QPR1 enables users to apply per‑app overrides by means of a new settings menu on large screen devices.

App-Bildschirmfreigabe

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

LLM-basierte intelligente Antwort in Gboard auf dem Pixel 8 Pro

Auf Pixel 8 Pro-Geräten mit dem Feature Drop für Dezember können Entwickler qualitativ hochwertigere intelligente Antworten in Gboard ausprobieren, die auf Large Language Models (LLMs) auf dem Gerät basieren, die auf Google Tensor laufen.

Diese Funktion ist als eingeschränkte Vorabversion für US-Englisch in WhatsApp, Line und KakaoTalk verfügbar. Hierfür ist ein Pixel 8 Pro-Gerät mit Gboard als Tastatur erforderlich.

Wenn Sie die Funktion ausprobieren möchten, aktivieren Sie zuerst die Funktion unter Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Öffnen Sie als Nächstes eine Unterhaltung in einer unterstützten Anwendung, um eingehende Nachrichten mit der LLM-basierten intelligenten Antwort in der Vorschlagsleiste von Gboard zu sehen.

Grafik

Pfade können abgefragt und interpoliert werden

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Benutzerdefinierte Shader mit Vertex- und Fragment-Shadern

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Hardware-Puffer-Renderer für Canvas

To assist in using Android's Canvas API to draw with hardware acceleration into a HardwareBuffer, Android 14 introduces HardwareBufferRenderer. This API is particularly useful when your use case involves communication with the system compositor through SurfaceControl for low-latency drawing.