功能與 API 總覽

Android 14 為開發人員推出了強大的功能和 API。以下各節可協助您瞭解應用程式功能，並開始使用相關的 API。

如需新增、修改及移除 API 的詳細清單，請參閱 API 差異比較表。如要進一步瞭解新增的 API，請參閱 Android API 參考資料。在 Android 14 中，請尋找 API 級別 34 新增的 API。如要瞭解平台變更可能對應用程式造成的影響，請務必查看指定 Android 14 的應用程式和所有應用程式的 Android 14 行為變更。

國際化

個別應用程式語言偏好

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

文法轉變 API

3 billion people speak gendered languages: languages where grammatical categories—such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositions—inflect according to the gender of people and objects you talk to or about. Traditionally, many gendered languages use masculine grammatical gender as the default or generic gender.

Addressing users in the wrong grammatical gender, such as addressing women in masculine grammatical gender, can negatively impact their performance and attitude. In contrast, a UI with language that correctly reflects the user's grammatical gender can improve user engagement and provide a more personalized and natural-sounding user experience.

To help you build a user-centric UI for gendered languages, Android 14 introduces the Grammatical Inflection API, which lets you add support for grammatical gender without refactoring your app.

地區偏好設定

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

無障礙設定

非線性字型縮放至 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

Enable the maximum font size in a device's accessibility settings to test your app.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

  1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
  2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

相機和媒體

圖片的 Ultra HDR

標準動態範圍 (SDR) 與高動態範圍 (HDR) 圖片品質的比較圖。

Android 14 新增了對高動態範圍 (HDR) 圖片的支援，可在拍攝相片時保留更多感應器資訊，進而呈現鮮豔的色彩和更強烈的對比。Android 使用 Ultra HDR 格式，可與 JPEG 圖片完全相容，讓應用程式與 HDR 圖片無縫互動，並視需要以標準動態範圍 (SDR) 顯示。

當應用程式選擇為活動視窗使用 HDR UI (透過資訊清單項目或在執行階段呼叫 Window.setColorMode())，架構會自動在 UI 中以 HDR 格式轉譯這些圖片。您也可以在支援的裝置上拍攝壓縮的超高動態範圍靜態圖片。感應器可復原更多顏色，因此後製編輯的彈性更高。與 Ultra HDR 影像相關聯的 Gainmap 可用於使用 OpenGL 或 Vulkan 轉譯這些影像。

相機擴充功能中的變焦、對焦、後視等功能

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

感應器內變焦

當 CameraCharacteristics 中的 REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE 包含 SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW 時，應用程式可以使用進階感應器功能，透過 CaptureRequest 和 RAW 目標 (其串流用途已設為 CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW)，為經裁剪的 RAW 串流提供與全景視野相同的像素。透過實作要求覆寫控制項，更新後的相機可在其他相機控制項準備就緒前，提供縮放控制選項。

無損 USB 音訊

Android 14 支援無損音訊格式，可透過 USB 有線耳機提供頂級音響體驗。您可以查詢 USB 裝置的偏好混合器屬性、註冊偏好混合器屬性變更的事件監聽器，以及使用 AudioMixerAttributes 類別設定混合器屬性。這個類別代表音訊調音器的格式，例如通道遮罩、取樣率和行為。這個類別可讓您直接傳送音訊，不必進行混合、音量調整或處理效果。

開發人員工作效率和工具

Credential Manager

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Health Connect

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

應用程式商店改善項目

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

應用程式中繼資料套件

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

在使用者擷取裝置螢幕畫面時偵測

為建立更標準化的螢幕截圖偵測體驗，Android 14 推出了具隱私保護功能的螢幕截圖偵測 API。此 API 可讓應用程式依個別活動登錄回呼。當使用者在具備瀏覽權限的活動中拍攝螢幕截圖時，系統會叫用這些回呼，並傳送通知給使用者。

使用者體驗

Sharesheet 自訂動作與改善排名

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

支援預測返回功能的內建和自訂動畫

影片：預測返回動畫

Android 13 推出了在開發人員選項背後顯示「預測返回主畫面」動畫的功能。只要使用支援的應用程式，並啟用開發人員選項，當您執行滑動返回的操作時，系統就會顯示動畫，指出返回手勢可讓應用程式結束並返回主畫面。

Android 14 內含多項改善項目，並提供有關預測返回手勢的全新指南：

在這個 Android 14 預先發布版本中，所有預測返回相關功能都保留在開發人員選項後方。請參閱開發人員指南，瞭解如何讓應用程式改用預測返回功能，以及如何建立自訂的應用程式內轉場效果。

大螢幕裝置製造商個別應用程式覆寫值

個別應用程式覆寫值可讓裝置製造商變更大螢幕裝置上的應用程式行為。舉例來說，即使應用程式資訊清單中已設定 resizeableActivity="false"，FORCE_RESIZE_APP 覆寫值仍會指示系統根據螢幕尺寸調整應用程式大小 (避免大小相容性模式)。

覆寫設定的用意是改善大螢幕的使用者體驗。

新的資訊清單屬性可讓您為應用程式停用部分裝置製造商覆寫值。

大螢幕使用者個別應用程式覆寫值

個別應用程式覆寫值可變更應用程式在大螢幕裝置上的行為。舉例來說，無論應用程式設定為何，OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE 裝置製造商覆寫值都會將應用程式顯示比例設為 16:9。

在 Android 14 QPR1 中，使用者可透過新的設定選單，在大螢幕裝置上套用個別應用程式覆寫值。

應用程式分享螢幕畫面

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

Pixel 8 Pro 的 Gboard 智慧回覆功能 (由 LLM 驅動)

在搭載 12 月功能更新的 Pixel 8 Pro 裝置上，開發人員可以試用 Gboard 中採用 Google Tensor 晶片的大型語言模型 (LLM) 所提供的更高品質智慧回覆功能。

這項功能目前僅在 WhatsApp、Line 和 KakaoTalk 提供美式英文的限量預覽版。你必須使用 Pixel 8 Pro 裝置，並將 Gboard 做為鍵盤。

如要試用這項功能，請先依序前往「設定」>「開發人員選項」>「AI Core 設定」>「啟用 Aicore 持續性」。

接著，在支援的應用程式中開啟對話，即可在 Gboard 的建議列中看到 LLM 支援的智慧回覆功能，以回覆傳入的訊息。

Gboard 會使用裝置端 LLM 提供更高品質的智慧回覆。

圖形

路徑可供查詢及內插

Android 的 Path API 是一種強大且靈活的機制，可用於建立和算繪向量圖形，並具有描邊或填入路徑、從線段或二次方或三次方曲線建構路徑、執行布林運算以取得更複雜的形狀，或同時執行所有這些操作的功能。但有一個限制，就是無法找出路徑物件中的實際內容；物件的內部部分在建立後，無法明確顯示於呼叫端。

如要建立 Path，您必須呼叫 moveTo()、lineTo() 和 cubicTo() 等方法，以便新增路徑區隔。不過，您無法透過對該路徑提出詢問以瞭解確切的區隔，因此必須在建立時保留該資訊。

自 Android 14 起，您便可查詢路徑，找出其中的內容。首先，您需要使用 Path.getPathIterator API 取得 PathIterator 物件：

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

接下來，您可以呼叫 PathIterator 逐一疊代區隔，並擷取每個區隔的所有必要資料。本範例使用封裝資料的 PathIterator.Segment 物件：

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator 也提供 next() 的非分配式版本，可供您傳入緩衝區，以便保留單點資料。

內插類型是查詢 Path 資料的重要用途之一。例如，您可能想要在兩個不同路徑之間建立動畫 (或 變形)。為進一步簡化該使用情境，Android 14 也在 Path 中加入 interpolate() 方法。假設兩個路徑具有相同的內部結構，interpolate() 方法會使用該內插結果建立新的 Path。此範例會傳回形狀介於 path 和 otherPath 之間半行 (0 .5 的線性內插) 的路徑：

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

Jetpack graphics-path 程式庫也會為舊版 Android 啟用類似的 API。

使用頂點和片段著色器的自訂網格

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Canvas 的硬體緩衝區轉譯器

To assist in using Android's Canvas API to draw with hardware acceleration into a HardwareBuffer, Android 14 introduces HardwareBufferRenderer. This API is particularly useful when your use case involves communication with the system compositor through SurfaceControl for low-latency drawing.