Descripción general de las funciones y API

Android 14 incluye excelentes funciones y APIs para desarrolladores. La siguiente ayuda aprenderás sobre las funciones de tus apps y comenzarás a usar las APIs relacionadas.

Para obtener una lista detallada de las APIs agregadas, modificadas y quitadas, consulta el artículo sobre diferencias de API informe. Para obtener detalles sobre las APIs agregadas, consulta la referencia de la API de Android. En el caso de Android 14, busca las APIs que se agregaron en el nivel de API 34. Para conocer las áreas en las que los cambios de la plataforma podrían afectar a tus apps, asegúrate de revisar los cambios en el comportamiento de Android 14 para apps orientadas a Android 14 y para todas las apps.

Internacionalización

Preferencias de idioma de las apps

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

API de Grammatical Inflection

Tres mil millones de personas hablan idiomas con género, es decir, idiomas en los que las categorías gramaticales, como sustantivos, verbos, adjetivos y preposiciones, inflexionan según el género de las personas y los objetos con las que te comunicas o sobre los que hablas. Tradicionalmente, muchos idiomas con género usan el género gramatical masculino como el género predeterminado o genérico.

Dirigirse a usuarios con un género gramatical incorrecto, por ejemplo, a mujeres con género gramatical masculino, puede tener un impacto negativo en su rendimiento y actitud. Por el contrario, una IU con un lenguaje que refleja, de forma correcta, el género gramatical del usuario puede mejorar su participación y proporcionar una experiencia más personalizada y más natural.

Para ayudarte a compilar una IU centrada en el usuario para idiomas con inflexión de género, Android 14 introduce la API de Grammatical Inflection, que te permite agregar compatibilidad con el género gramatical sin refactorizar la app.

Preferencias regionales

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Accesibilidad

Escalamiento de fuente no lineal al 200%

A partir de Android 14, el sistema admite el escalamiento de fuente hasta el 200%, lo que les brinda a los usuarios con visión reducida opciones de accesibilidad adicionales que se alinean con las Pautas de Accesibilidad al Contenido Web (WCAG).

Para evitar que los elementos de texto grandes en la pantalla escalen demasiado, el sistema aplica una curva de escalamiento no lineal. Esta estrategia de escalamiento implica que el texto grande no escala a la misma velocidad que uno más pequeño. El escalamiento de fuente no lineal ayuda a preservar la jerarquía proporcional entre elementos de diferentes tamaños, a la vez que mitiga los problemas con el escalamiento lineal de texto en grados altos (como el texto cortado o el texto que se vuelve más difícil de leer debido a su gran tamaño de visualización).

Prueba tu app con escalamiento de fuente no lineal

Habilita el tamaño máximo de fuente en la configuración de accesibilidad de un dispositivo para probar tu app.

Si ya usas unidades de píxeles ajustados (sp) para definir el tamaño del texto, estas opciones adicionales y mejoras de escala se aplican automáticamente al texto de tu app. Sin embargo, debes realizar pruebas de la IU con el tamaño máximo de fuente habilitado (200%) para asegurarte de que tu app aplique los tamaños de fuente correctamente y pueda adaptarse a tamaños de fuente más grandes sin afectar la usabilidad.

Para habilitar el tamaño de la fuente al 200%, sigue estos pasos:

  1. Abre la app de Configuración y dirígete a Accesibilidad > Tamaño y texto de la pantalla.
  2. En la opción Tamaño de fuente, presiona el ícono de signo más (+) hasta que se habilite la configuración de tamaño máximo de fuente, como se muestra en la imagen que acompaña esta sección.

Usa unidades de píxeles ajustados (sp) para los tamaños de texto

Recuerda siempre especificar los tamaños de texto en unidades de sp. Cuando tu app usa unidades de sp, Android puede aplicar el tamaño de texto preferido del usuario y escalarlo de forma adecuada.

No uses unidades de sp para el padding ni definas alturas de las vistas suponiendo padding implícito: con el escalamiento de fuente no lineal, las dimensiones de sp podrían no ser proporcionales, por lo que 4 sp + 20 sp podría no ser igual a 24 sp.

Convierte unidades de píxeles ajustados (sp)

Usa TypedValue.applyDimension() para convertir unidades de sp en píxeles y TypedValue.deriveDimension() para convertir píxeles en sp. Estos métodos aplican automáticamente la curva de escalamiento no lineal adecuada.

Evita codificar la ecuación mediante Configuration.fontScale o DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Como el escalamiento de fuente no es lineal, el campo scaledDensity ya no es preciso. El campo fontScale debe usarse solo con fines informativos, porque las fuentes ya no se escalan con un solo valor escalar.

Usa unidades de sp para lineHeight

Define siempre android:lineHeight con unidades de sp en lugar de dp para que la altura de la línea se escale junto con el texto. De lo contrario, si tu texto es sp, pero tu lineHeight está en dp o px, no se escala y parece apretado. TextView corrige automáticamente el lineHeight para que se conserven las proporciones previstas, pero solo si textSize y lineHeight se definen en unidades sp.

Cámara y contenido multimedia

Ultra HDR para imágenes

Una ilustración de la calidad de imagen del rango dinámico estándar (SDR) en comparación con el alto rango dinámico (HDR).

Android 14 agrega compatibilidad con imágenes de alto rango dinámico (HDR) que retienen más información del sensor cuando se toma una foto, lo que permite colores vivos y un mayor contraste. Android usa el formato Ultra HDR, que es totalmente retrocompatible con las imágenes JPEG, lo que permite que las apps interactúen sin problemas con las imágenes HDR y las muestren en rango dinámico estándar (SDR) según sea necesario.

El framework renderiza estas imágenes en la IU en HDR de forma automática cuando tu app habilita el uso de la IU HDR para su ventana de actividad, ya sea a través de una entrada de manifiesto o en el tiempo de ejecución mediante una llamada a Window.setColorMode(). También puedes capturar imágenes estáticas Ultra HDR comprimidas en dispositivos compatibles. Con más colores recuperados del sensor, la edición posterior puede ser más flexible. El Gainmap asociado con las imágenes Ultra HDR se puede usar para renderizarlas con OpenGL o Vulkan.

Zoom, enfoque, postview y mucho más en las extensiones de cámara

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

Zoom en el sensor

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

Audio USB sin pérdida

Android 14 admite formatos de audio sin pérdida para experiencias de nivel de audiófilo con auriculares con cable USB. Puedes consultar un dispositivo USB para obtener sus atributos de mezclador preferidos, registrar un objeto de escucha para detectar cambios en los atributos de mezclador preferidos y configurar los atributos de mezclador con la clase AudioMixerAttributes. Esta clase representa el formato, como la máscara de canales, la tasa de muestreo y el comportamiento del mezclador de audio. La clase permite que el audio se envíe directamente, sin mezclar, ajustar el volumen ni procesar efectos.

Productividad y herramientas para desarrolladores

Credential Manager

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Health Connect

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

Actualizaciones de OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Mejoras para tiendas de aplicaciones

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

Paquetes de metadatos de la app

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Detecta cuando los usuarios toman capturas de pantalla del dispositivo

Para crear una experiencia más estandarizada para detectar capturas de pantalla, Android 14 presenta una API de detección de capturas de pantalla que preserva la privacidad. Esta API permite que las apps registren devoluciones de llamada por actividad. Estas devoluciones de llamada se invocan y se le notifica al usuario cuando toma una captura de pantalla mientras esa actividad está visible.

Experiencia del usuario

Acciones personalizadas y clasificación mejorada de Sharesheet

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

Compatibilidad con animaciones integradas y personalizadas para el gesto atrás predictivo

Video: Predictive back animations

Android 13 introduced the predictive back-to-home animation behind a developer option. When used in a supported app with the developer option enabled, swiping back shows an animation indicating that the back gesture exits the app back to the home screen.

Android 14 includes multiple improvements and new guidance for Predictive Back:

With this Android 14 preview release, all features of Predictive Back remain behind a developer option. See the developer guide to migrate your app to predictive back, as well as the developer guide to creating custom in-app transitions.

Anulaciones por app del fabricante de dispositivos con pantalla grande

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Anulaciones de usuario de pantalla grande por app

Las anulaciones por app cambian el comportamiento de las apps en dispositivos con pantallas grandes. Por ejemplo, la anulación del fabricante del dispositivo OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE establece la relación de aspecto de la app en 16:9, independientemente de su configuración.

QPR1 de Android 14 permite que los usuarios apliquen anulaciones por app a través de un nuevo menú de configuración en dispositivos con pantalla grande.

Compartir pantalla de una app

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

Respuesta inteligente potenciada por LLM en Gboard en el Pixel 8 Pro

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

Gráficos

Las rutas de acceso son interpolables y consultables

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Mallas personalizadas con vértices y sombreadores de fragmentos

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Renderizador de búfer de hardware para Canvas

To assist in using Android's Canvas API to draw with hardware acceleration into a HardwareBuffer, Android 14 introduces HardwareBufferRenderer. This API is particularly useful when your use case involves communication with the system compositor through SurfaceControl for low-latency drawing.