نمای کلی ویژگی ها و API ها

اندروید 14 ویژگی ها و API های عالی را برای توسعه دهندگان معرفی می کند. موارد زیر به شما کمک می کند تا با ویژگی های برنامه های خود آشنا شوید و با API های مرتبط شروع به کار کنید.

برای فهرست دقیق APIهای اضافه شده، اصلاح شده و حذف شده، گزارش تفاوت API را بخوانید. برای جزئیات بیشتر در مورد APIهای اضافه شده به مرجع Android API مراجعه کنید — برای Android 14، به دنبال APIهایی باشید که در سطح API 34 اضافه شده اند. برای آشنایی با مناطقی که تغییرات پلت فرم ممکن است بر برنامه های شما تأثیر بگذارد، حتماً تغییرات رفتار Android 14 را برای برنامه هایی که Android 14 را هدف قرار می دهند و برای همه برنامه ها بررسی کنید.

بین المللی شدن

ترجیحات زبان برای هر برنامه

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

Grammatical Inflection API

3 billion people speak gendered languages: languages where grammatical categories—such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositions—inflect according to the gender of people and objects you talk to or about. Traditionally, many gendered languages use masculine grammatical gender as the default or generic gender.

Addressing users in the wrong grammatical gender, such as addressing women in masculine grammatical gender, can negatively impact their performance and attitude. In contrast, a UI with language that correctly reflects the user's grammatical gender can improve user engagement and provide a more personalized and natural-sounding user experience.

To help you build a user-centric UI for gendered languages, Android 14 introduces the Grammatical Inflection API, which lets you add support for grammatical gender without refactoring your app.

ترجیحات منطقه ای

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

قابلیت دسترسی

مقیاس بندی فونت غیر خطی تا 200٪

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

Enable the maximum font size in a device's accessibility settings to test your app.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

  1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
  2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

دوربین و رسانه

Ultra HDR برای تصاویر

An illustration of Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) versus High Dynamic Range (HDR) image quality.

Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.

Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a manifest entry or at runtime by calling Window.setColorMode(). You can also capture compressed Ultra HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The Gainmap associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render them using OpenGL or Vulkan.

زوم، فوکوس، Postview و موارد دیگر در پسوند دوربین

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

زوم درون سنسور

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

صدای USB بدون اتلاف

اندروید 14 از فرمت‌های صوتی بدون اتلاف برای تجربه در سطح دوستداران صوتی از طریق هدست‌های سیمی USB پشتیبانی می‌کند. می‌توانید از یک دستگاه USB برای ویژگی‌های میکسر ترجیحی آن پرس و جو کنید، یک شنونده را برای تغییرات در ویژگی‌های میکسر ترجیحی ثبت کنید، و ویژگی‌های میکسر را با استفاده از کلاس AudioMixerAttributes پیکربندی کنید. این کلاس فرمت، مانند ماسک کانال، نرخ نمونه و رفتار میکسر صدا را نشان می دهد. این کلاس امکان ارسال مستقیم صدا را بدون میکس، تنظیم صدا یا جلوه های پردازشی را فراهم می کند.

بهره وری توسعه دهندگان و ابزار

مدیر اعتبار

Android 14 Credential Manager را به‌عنوان یک API پلتفرم اضافه می‌کند، با پشتیبانی اضافی به دستگاه‌های Android 4.4 (سطح API 19) از طریق کتابخانه Jetpack با استفاده از خدمات Google Play. هدف مدیر اعتبارنامه این است که ورود به سیستم را برای کاربران با APIهایی که اعتبارنامه ها را با ارائه دهندگان اعتبار پیکربندی شده توسط کاربر بازیابی و ذخیره می کنند، آسان کند. Credential Manager از چندین روش ورود به سیستم، از جمله نام کاربری و رمز عبور، کلیدهای عبور، و راه حل های ورود به سیستم فدرال (مانند ورود با Google) در یک API پشتیبانی می کند.

کلیدهای عبور مزایای زیادی دارند. برای مثال، کلیدهای عبور بر اساس استانداردهای صنعتی ساخته شده‌اند ، می‌توانند در سیستم‌عامل‌های مختلف و اکوسیستم‌های مرورگر کار کنند و می‌توانند هم با وب‌سایت‌ها و هم با برنامه‌ها استفاده شوند.

برای اطلاعات بیشتر، به مستندات مدیریت اعتبار و کلیدهای عبور و پست وبلاگ درباره مدیر اعتبار و کلیدهای عبور مراجعه کنید.

Health Connect

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

به روز رسانی OpenJDK 17

Android 14 به کار تازه کردن کتابخانه‌های اصلی Android ادامه می‌دهد تا با ویژگی‌های جدیدترین نسخه OpenJDK LTS، از جمله به‌روزرسانی‌های کتابخانه و پشتیبانی از زبان جاوا 17 برای توسعه‌دهندگان برنامه‌ها و پلت‌فرم‌ها، هماهنگ شود.

ویژگی ها و بهبودهای زیر گنجانده شده است:

  • تقریباً 300 کلاس java.base به پشتیبانی جاوا 17 به روز شد.
  • بلوک های متنی که رشته های چند خطی را به زبان برنامه نویسی جاوا معرفی می کند.
  • تطبیق الگو برای instanceof ، که به یک شی اجازه می دهد تا بدون هیچ متغیر اضافی در یک instanceof یک نوع خاص در نظر گرفته شود.
  • کلاس‌های مهر و موم شده ، که به شما امکان می‌دهند کلاس‌ها و رابط‌هایی را که می‌توانند آنها را گسترش یا پیاده‌سازی کنند محدود کنید.

به لطف به‌روزرسانی‌های سیستم Google Play (Project Mainline)، بیش از 600 میلیون دستگاه برای دریافت آخرین به‌روزرسانی‌های Android Runtime (ART) فعال هستند که شامل این تغییرات می‌شود. این بخشی از تعهد ما برای دادن محیطی سازگارتر و امن‌تر به برنامه‌ها در سراسر دستگاه‌ها و ارائه ویژگی‌ها و قابلیت‌های جدید به کاربران مستقل از نسخه‌های پلتفرم است.

جاوا و OpenJDK علائم تجاری یا علائم تجاری ثبت شده Oracle و/یا شرکت های وابسته به آن هستند.

بهبود برای فروشگاه های برنامه

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

بسته‌های فراداده برنامه

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

تشخیص زمانی که کاربران از دستگاه عکس می گیرند

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

تجربه کاربری

اقدامات سفارشی اشتراک‌گذاری و رتبه‌بندی بهبود یافته

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

پشتیبانی از انیمیشن های داخلی و سفارشی برای Predictive Back

Video: Predictive back animations

Android 13 introduced the predictive back-to-home animation behind a developer option. When used in a supported app with the developer option enabled, swiping back shows an animation indicating that the back gesture exits the app back to the home screen.

Android 14 includes multiple improvements and new guidance for Predictive Back:

With this Android 14 preview release, all features of Predictive Back remain behind a developer option. See the developer guide to migrate your app to predictive back, as well as the developer guide to creating custom in-app transitions.

تولیدکننده دستگاه صفحه بزرگ برای هر برنامه لغو می شود

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

صفحه نمایش بزرگ کاربر در هر برنامه لغو می شود

Per-app overrides change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE device manufacturer override sets the app aspect ratio to 16:9 regardless of the app's configuration.

Android 14 QPR1 enables users to apply per‑app overrides by means of a new settings menu on large screen devices.

اشتراک گذاری صفحه نمایش برنامه

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

پاسخ هوشمند مبتنی بر LLM در Gboard در Pixel 8 Pro

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

گرافیک

مسیرها قابل پرس و جو و درون یابی هستند

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

مش های سفارشی با سایه زن های راس و قطعه

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

رندر بافر سخت افزاری برای Canvas

To assist in using Android's Canvas API to draw with hardware acceleration into a HardwareBuffer, Android 14 introduces HardwareBufferRenderer. This API is particularly useful when your use case involves communication with the system compositor through SurfaceControl for low-latency drawing.