Mudanças de comportamento: todos os apps

A plataforma Android 14 inclui mudanças de comportamento que podem afetar seu app. As mudanças de comportamento a seguir se aplicam a todos os apps executados no Android 14, independente da targetSdkVersion. Teste seu app e modifique-o conforme necessário para ficar compatível com essas mudanças, quando aplicável.

Consulte também a lista de mudanças de comportamento que afetam apenas os apps destinados ao Android 14.

Principal recurso

Programar alarmes exatos não é permitido por padrão

Alarmes exatos são destinados a notificações pretendidas pelo usuário ou ações que precisam acontecer em um momento preciso. A partir do Android 14, a permissão SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM não é mais concedida previamente à maioria dos apps recém-instalados destinados ao Android 13 e mais recentes. Em vez disso, ela é negada por padrão.

Saiba mais sobre as mudanças na permissão de programação de alarmes exatos.

As transmissões registradas em contexto são enfileiradas enquanto os apps são armazenados em cache

No Android 14, o sistema pode colocar transmissões registradas em contexto em uma fila enquanto o app está no estado em cache. Esse comportamento é semelhante ao enfileiramento que o Android 12 (nível 31 da API) apresentou para transações de binder assíncronas. As transmissões declaradas no manifesto não são enfileiradas, e os apps são removidos do estado em cache para enviar a transmissão.

Quando o app sai do estado em cache, como ao retornar para o primeiro plano, o sistema envia todas as transmissões enfileiradas. Várias instâncias de determinadas transmissões podem ser mescladas em uma transmissão. Dependendo de outros fatores, como o sistema os aplicativos podem ser removidos do estado em cache e todos os itens na fila e as transmissões são entregues.

Os apps só podem encerrar os próprios processos em segundo plano

Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(), the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.

If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:

Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp

Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions. Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more resources than resuming an existing cached app.

A MTU está definida como 517 para o primeiro cliente GATT que solicita uma MTU.

Starting from Android 14, the Android Bluetooth stack more strictly adheres to Version 5.2 of the Bluetooth Core Specification and requests the BLE ATT MTU to 517 bytes when the first GATT client requests an MTU using the BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API, and disregards all subsequent MTU requests on that ACL connection.

To address this change and make your app more robust, consider the following options:

  • Your peripheral device should respond to the Android device's MTU request with a reasonable value that can be accommodated by the peripheral. The final negotiated value will be a minimum of the Android requested value and the remote provided value (for example, min(517, remoteMtu))
    • Implementing this fix could require a firmware update for peripheral
  • Alternatively, limit your GATT characteristic writes based on the minimum between the known supported value of your peripheral and the received MTU change
    • A reminder that you should reduce 5 bytes from the supported size for the headers
    • For example: arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5

Novo motivo para um app ser colocado no bucket de espera restrito

O Android 14 apresenta um novo motivo para um app ser colocado no bucket de espera restrito. Os jobs do app acionam erros de ANR várias vezes devido a tempos limite de método onStartJob, onStopJob ou onBind. Consulte O JobScheduler reforça o callback e o comportamento de rede para ver as mudanças em onStartJob e onStopJob.

Para acompanhar se o app entrou ou não no bucket de espera restrito, recomendamos fazer o registro com a API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket() na execução do job ou UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() na inicialização do app.

mlock limitado a 64 KB

In Android 14 (API level 34) and higher, the platform reduces the maximum memory that can be locked using mlock() to 64 KB per process. In previous versions, the limit was 64 MB per process. This restriction promotes better memory management across apps and the system. To provide more consistency across devices, Android 14 adds a new CTS test for the new mlock() limit on compatible devices.

O sistema impõe o uso de recursos de apps em cache

By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.

Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.

Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be impacted by these changes.

Experiência do usuário

Mudanças na experiência dos usuários com notificações não dispensáveis

If your app shows non-dismissable foreground notifications to users, Android 14 has changed the behavior to allow users to dismiss such notifications.

This change applies to apps that prevent users from dismissing foreground notifications by setting Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT through Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) or NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true). The behavior of FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT has changed to make such notifications actually dismissable by the user.

These kinds of notifications are still non-dismissable in the following conditions:

  • When the phone is locked
  • If the user selects a Clear all notification action (which helps with accidental dismissals)

Also, this new behavior doesn't apply to notifications in the following use cases:

  • CallStyle notifications
  • Device policy controller (DPC) and supporting packages for enterprise
  • Media notifications
  • The default Search Selector package

As informações de segurança dos dados estão mais visíveis

To enhance user privacy, Android 14 increases the number of places where the system shows the information you have declared in the Play Console form. Currently, users can view this information in the Data safety section on your app's listing in Google Play.

We encourage you to review your app's location data sharing policies and take a moment to make any applicable updates to your app's Google Play Data safety section.

Learn more in the guide about how data safety information is more visible on Android 14.

Acessibilidade

Dimensionamento de fonte não linear para 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

Segurança

Nível mínimo desejado para a instalação da API

Starting with Android 14, apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet these minimum target API level requirements improves security and privacy for users.

Malware often targets older API levels in order to bypass security and privacy protections that have been introduced in newer Android versions. For example, some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API level 23). This Android 14 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security and privacy improvements. Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level will result in an installation failure, with the following message appearing in Logcat:

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7

On devices upgrading to Android 14, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 will remain installed.

If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

Os nomes dos pacotes de proprietários de mídia podem ser editados

The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android 14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is true:

  • The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.

  • The app that queries the media store requests the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission.

Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.