Mudanças de comportamento: todos os apps

A plataforma Android 14 inclui mudanças de comportamento que podem afetar seu app. As mudanças de comportamento a seguir se aplicam a todos os apps executados no Android 14, independente da targetSdkVersion. Teste seu app e modifique-o conforme necessário para ficar compatível com essas mudanças, quando aplicável.

Consulte também a lista de mudanças de comportamento que afetam apenas os apps destinados ao Android 14.

Principal recurso

Programar alarmes exatos não é permitido por padrão

Alarmes exatos são destinados a notificações pretendidas pelo usuário ou ações que precisam acontecer em um momento preciso. A partir do Android 14, a permissão SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM não é mais concedida previamente à maioria dos apps recém-instalados destinados ao Android 13 e mais recentes. Em vez disso, ela é negada por padrão.

Saiba mais sobre as mudanças na permissão de programação de alarmes exatos.

As transmissões registradas em contexto são enfileiradas enquanto os apps são armazenados em cache

On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.

When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.

Os apps só podem encerrar os próprios processos em segundo plano

A partir do Android 14, quando o app chamar killBackgroundProcesses(), a API poderá encerrar apenas os processos em segundo plano do próprio app.

Se você transmitir o nome do pacote de outro app, esse método não afetará os processos em segundo plano desse app, e esta mensagem vai aparecer no Logcat:

Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp

O app não pode usar a API killBackgroundProcesses() nem tentar influenciar o ciclo de vida do processo de outros apps, mesmo em versões mais antigas do SO. O Android foi projetado para manter apps em cache em segundo plano e encerrá-los automaticamente quando o sistema precisa de memória. Se o app encerrar outros apps desnecessariamente, isso poderá reduzir o desempenho do sistema e aumentar o consumo da bateria exigindo reinicializações completas dos apps mais tarde, o que consome muito mais recursos que retomar um app existente armazenado em cache.

A MTU está definida como 517 para o primeiro cliente GATT que solicita uma MTU.

Starting from Android 14, the Android Bluetooth stack more strictly adheres to Version 5.2 of the Bluetooth Core Specification and requests the BLE ATT MTU to 517 bytes when the first GATT client requests an MTU using the BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API, and disregards all subsequent MTU requests on that ACL connection.

To address this change and make your app more robust, consider the following options:

  • Your peripheral device should respond to the Android device's MTU request with a reasonable value that can be accommodated by the peripheral. The final negotiated value will be a minimum of the Android requested value and the remote provided value (for example, min(517, remoteMtu))
    • Implementing this fix could require a firmware update for peripheral
  • Alternatively, limit your GATT characteristic writes based on the minimum between the known supported value of your peripheral and the received MTU change
    • A reminder that you should reduce 5 bytes from the supported size for the headers
    • For example: arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5

Novo motivo para um app ser colocado no bucket de espera restrito

Android 14 introduces a new reason an app can be placed into the restricted standby bucket. The app's jobs trigger ANR errors multiple times due to onStartJob, onStopJob, or onBind method timeouts. (See JobScheduler reinforces callback and network behavior for changes to onStartJob and onStopJob.)

To track whether or not the app has entered the restricted standby bucket, we recommend logging with the API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket() on job execution or UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() on app startup.

mlock limitado a 64 KB

In Android 14 (API level 34) and higher, the platform reduces the maximum memory that can be locked using mlock() to 64 KB per process. In previous versions, the limit was 64 MB per process. This restriction promotes better memory management across apps and the system. To provide more consistency across devices, Android 14 adds a new CTS test for the new mlock() limit on compatible devices.

O sistema impõe o uso de recursos de apps armazenados em cache

By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.

Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.

Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be impacted by these changes.

Experiência do usuário

Mudanças na experiência dos usuários com notificações não dispensáveis

If your app shows non-dismissable foreground notifications to users, Android 14 has changed the behavior to allow users to dismiss such notifications.

This change applies to apps that prevent users from dismissing foreground notifications by setting Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT through Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) or NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true). The behavior of FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT has changed to make such notifications actually dismissable by the user.

These kinds of notifications are still non-dismissable in the following conditions:

  • When the phone is locked
  • If the user selects a Clear all notification action (which helps with accidental dismissals)

Also, this new behavior doesn't apply to notifications in the following use cases:

  • CallStyle notifications
  • Device policy controller (DPC) and supporting packages for enterprise
  • Media notifications
  • The default Search Selector package

As informações de segurança dos dados estão mais visíveis

To enhance user privacy, Android 14 increases the number of places where the system shows the information you have declared in the Play Console form. Currently, users can view this information in the Data safety section on your app's listing in Google Play.

We encourage you to review your app's location data sharing policies and take a moment to make any applicable updates to your app's Google Play Data safety section.

Learn more in the guide about how data safety information is more visible on Android 14.

Acessibilidade

Dimensionamento de fonte não linear para 200%

No Android 14 e mais recentes, o sistema oferece suporte ao dimensionamento de fontes de até 200%, dando aos usuários com baixa visão outras opções de acessibilidade alinhadas às Diretrizes de Acessibilidade para Conteúdo Web (WCAG, na sigla em inglês).

Se você já usa unidades de pixels dimensionados (sp) para definir o tamanho do texto, essa mudança provavelmente não terá um impacto alto no seu app. No entanto, faça testes de interface com o tamanho máximo de fonte ativado (200%) para garantir que o app possa acomodar tamanhos de fonte maiores sem afetar a usabilidade.

Segurança

Nível mínimo desejado para a instalação da API

Starting with Android 14, apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet these minimum target API level requirements improves security and privacy for users.

Malware often targets older API levels in order to bypass security and privacy protections that have been introduced in newer Android versions. For example, some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API level 23). This Android 14 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security and privacy improvements. Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level will result in an installation failure, with the following message appearing in Logcat:

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7

On devices upgrading to Android 14, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower than 23 will remain installed.

If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

Os nomes dos pacotes de proprietários de mídia podem ser editados

The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android 14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is true:

  • The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.

  • The app that queries the media store requests the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission.

Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.