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功能與 API 總覽
透過集合功能整理內容你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。

Android 15 為開發人員推出了強大的新功能和 API。以下各節會概述這些功能，協助您開始使用相關 API。

如需新增、修改及移除 API 的詳細清單，請參閱 API 差異比較表。如要進一步瞭解新增的 API，請參閱 Android API 參考資料。如果是 Android 15，請找出在 API 級別 35 中新增的 API。如要瞭解平台變更可能對應用程式造成的影響，請務必查看指定 Android 15 的應用程式和所有應用程式的 Android 15 行為變更。

相機和媒體

Android 15 包含多種功能，可改善相機和媒體體驗，並提供工具和硬體，協助創作者在 Android 上實現創作構想。

如要進一步瞭解 Android 媒體和相機的最新功能和開發人員解決方案，請參閱 Google I/O 大會的「建構現代化 Android 媒體和相機體驗」演講。

低光源增強

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, an auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables camera capabilities, such as:

Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

應用程式內攝影機控制項

Android 15 新增了擴充功能，可進一步控管相機硬體及其在支援裝置上的演算法：

進階閃光燈強度調整功能：在拍攝相片時，可在 SINGLE 和 TORCH 模式下精確控制閃光燈強度。

HDR 頭尾空間控制

Android 15 會選擇適合底層裝置功能和面板位元深度的 HDR 空間。對於含有大量 SDR 內容的網頁 (例如顯示單一 HDR 縮圖的訊息應用程式)，這種行為可能會對 SDR 內容的觀看亮度造成負面影響。在 Android 15 中，您可以使用 setDesiredHdrHeadroom 控制 HDR 空間，以便在 SDR 和 HDR 內容之間取得平衡。

左側螢幕的 SDR UI 元素亮度似乎比右側螢幕的亮度更均勻，模擬 HDR 和 SDR 內容混合時可能出現的動態範圍問題。調整 HDR 安全邊界後，SDR 和 HDR 內容之間的平衡度會更佳。

音量控制

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

虛擬 MIDI 2.0 裝置

Android 13 added support for connecting to MIDI 2.0 devices using USB, which communicate using Universal MIDI Packets (UMP). Android 15 extends UMP support to virtual MIDI apps, enabling composition apps to control synthesizer apps as a virtual MIDI 2.0 device just like they would with an USB MIDI 2.0 device.

更有效率的 AV1 軟體解碼

dav1d 標誌

dav1d 是 VideoLAN 推出的熱門 AV1 軟體解碼器，適用於不支援硬體 AV1 解碼功能的 Android 裝置。dav1d 的效能比舊版 AV1 軟體解碼器高出 3 倍，可讓更多使用者 (包括部分低階和中階裝置) 播放 HD AV1 影片。

您的應用程式必須透過名稱 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 呼叫 dav1d，才能選擇使用 dav1d。在後續更新中，dav1d 將成為預設的 AV1 軟體解碼器。這項支援功能已標準化，並向後移植至接收 Google Play 系統更新的 Android 11 裝置。

開發人員工作效率和工具

雖然我們大部分的工作都是圍繞著 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 程式庫等工具，來提升您的工作效率，但我們也一直在尋找各種方法，讓您能更輕鬆地在平台上實現願景。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

The following key features and improvements are included:

Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
Streams
Additional math and strictmath methods
util package updates including sequenced collection, map, and set
ByteBuffer support in Deflater
Security updates such as X500PrivateCredential and security key updates

These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.

PDF 改善功能

Android 15 對 PdfRenderer 進行了大幅改善。相互整合應用程式可導入轉譯等進階功能受密碼保護的檔案、註解、表單編輯、搜尋及選取副本。支援線性化 PDF 最佳化功能，可加快本機 PDF 檢視速度並減少資源使用量。Jetpack PDF 程式庫會使用這些 API，簡化在應用程式中新增 PDF 檢視功能的程序。

PdfRenderer 已移至可透過 Google Play 系統更新進行更新的模組，不受平台版本影響。我們會透過建立與 Android 15 以下版本相容的 API 途徑 (稱為 PdfRendererPreV)，將這些變更回溯至 Android 11 (API 級別 30)。

自動切換語言的細微調整

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

改善 OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 improves the usability of the OpenType variable font. You can create a FontFamily instance from a variable font without specifying weight axes with the buildVariableFamily API. The text renderer overrides the value of wght axis to match the displaying text.

Using the API simplifies the code for creating a Typeface considerably:

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

Previously, to create the same Typeface, you would need much more code:

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

Here's an example of how a Typeface created with both the old and new APIs renders:

An example of how Typeface rendering differs using new and old
APIs

In this example, the Typeface created with the old API doesn't have the capability to create accurate font weights for the 350, 450, 550 and 650 Font instances, so the renderer falls back to the closest weight. So in this case, 300 is rendered instead of 350, 400 is rendered instead of 450, and so on. By contrast, the Typeface created with the new APIs dynamically creates a Font instance for a given weight, so accurate weights are rendered for 350, 450, 550, and 650 as well.

精細的換行控制

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

應用程式封存

Android 和 Google Play 去年宣布支援應用程式封存功能，使用者可以在 Google Play 上使用 Android App Bundle 發布的應用程式，從裝置上部分移除不常使用的應用程式，藉此釋出空間。Android 15 提供應用程式封存和解封存的作業系統層級支援功能，讓所有應用程式商店更輕鬆地實作這項功能。

具有 REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES 權限的應用程式可以呼叫 PackageInstaller requestArchive 方法，要求封存已安裝的應用程式套件，會移除 APK 和任何快取檔案，但會保留使用者資料。系統會透過 LauncherApps API；使用者會看到 UI 樣式，藉此突顯這些個應用程式已封存。使用者輕觸封存的應用程式時，負責的安裝程式會收到取消封存的要求，而且還原程序可以由 ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED 廣播監控。

使用開發人員選項在裝置上啟用 16 KB 模式

切換「Boot with 16KB page size」開發人員選項，以 16 KB 模式啟動裝置。

自 Android 15 QPR1 起，您可以使用特定裝置上的開發人員選項，以 16 KB 模式啟動裝置並執行裝置端測試。

這個開發人員選項適用於下列裝置：

Pixel 8 和 8 Pro (搭載 Android 15 QPR1 以上版本)

警告：由於已知的 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 問題，在安裝 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 並以 16 KB 模式啟動裝置後，Pixel 8 裝置的觸控螢幕就無法運作。這個問題不會影響 Pixel 8 Pro 裝置。
Pixel 8a (搭載 Android 15 QPR1 以上版本)

警告：由於已知的 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 問題，在安裝 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 版 3 並以 16 KB 模式啟動裝置後，Pixel 8a 裝置上的觸控螢幕無法運作。
Pixel 9、Pixel 9 Pro 和 Pixel 9 Pro XL (搭載 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 2 以上版本)

圖形

Android 15 提供最新的圖形改善功能，包括 ANGLE 和 Canvas 圖形系統的新增功能。

改良 Android 的 GPU 存取權

Vulkan logo

Android hardware has evolved quite a bit from the early days where the core OS would run on a single CPU and GPUs were accessed using APIs based on fixed-function pipelines. The Vulkan® graphics API has been available in the NDK since Android 7.0 (API level 24) with a lower-level abstraction that better reflects modern GPU hardware, scales better to support multiple CPU cores, and offers reduced CPU driver overhead — leading to improved app performance. Vulkan is supported by all modern game engines.

Vulkan is Android's preferred interface to the GPU. Therefore, Android 15 includes ANGLE as an optional layer for running OpenGL® ES on top of Vulkan. Moving to ANGLE will standardize the Android OpenGL implementation for improved compatibility, and, in some cases, improved performance. You can test out your OpenGL ES app stability and performance with ANGLE by enabling the developer option in Settings -> System -> Developer Options -> Experimental: Enable ANGLE on Android 15.

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

Roadmap of upcoming changes to the Android GPU APIs.

As part of streamlining our GPU stack, going forward we will be shipping ANGLE as the GL system driver on more new devices, with the future expectation that OpenGL/ES will be only available through ANGLE. That being said, we plan to continue support for OpenGL ES on all devices.

Recommended next steps

Use the developer options to select the ANGLE driver for OpenGL ES and test your app. For new projects, we strongly encourage using Vulkan for C/C++.

改善 Canvas

Android 15 continues our modernization of Android's Canvas graphics system with additional capabilities:

Matrix44 provides a 4x4 matrix for transforming coordinates that should be used when you want to manipulate the canvas in 3D.
clipShader intersects the current clip with the specified shader, while clipOutShader sets the clip to the difference of the current clip and the shader, each treating the shader as an alpha mask. This supports the drawing of complex shapes efficiently.

效能和電池

Android 持續專注於協助您改善應用程式的效能和品質。Android 15 推出了可協助您提高應用程式執行效率、改善應用程式效能，以及收集應用程式相關洞察資訊的 API。

如要瞭解省電最佳做法、網路和電力使用情形偵錯，以及我們如何改善 Android 15 和近期 Android 版本的背景工作電池效率，請參閱 Google I/O 的「Improving battery efficiency of background work on Android」(改善 Android 背景工作電池效率) 演講。

ApplicationStartInfo API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

詳細的應用程式大小資訊

自 Android 8.0 (API 級別 26) 起，Android 已納入 StorageStats.getAppBytes API，可將應用程式的安裝大小以單一位元組數字做為總和，包括 APK 大小、從 APK 擷取的檔案大小，以及裝置上產生的檔案 (例如預先編譯 (AOT) 的編譯程式碼)。就應用程式使用儲存空間的方式而言，這個數字並沒有太多洞察資訊。

Android 15 新增了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API，可讓您深入瞭解應用程式如何使用所有空間，包括 APK 檔案分割、AOT 和加速相關程式碼、DEX 中繼資料、程式庫和引導設定檔。

應用程式管理的剖析

Android 15 包含 ProfilingManager 類別，可讓您從應用程式內收集剖析資訊，例如記憶體快照資料、記憶體快照資料、堆疊取樣等。它會為您的應用程式提供回呼，並提供標記來識別輸出檔案，該檔案會傳送至應用程式的檔案目錄。API 會實施頻率限制，盡可能降低對效能的影響。

如要簡化應用程式中的剖析要求建構程序，建議您使用對應的 Profiling AndroidX API (適用於 Core 1.15.0-rc01 以上版本)。

SQLite 資料庫改善項目

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 動態效能架構更新

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 adds ADPF capabilities:

A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

隱私權

Android 15 包含多種功能，可協助應用程式開發人員保護使用者隱私。

螢幕錄影偵測

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

擴充的 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:host="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私人空間

The private space can be unlocked and locked to show or hide sensitive apps on a device.

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
Medical apps
Launcher apps
App store apps

查詢最近的使用者選取內容，以便取得所選相片存取權

應用程式現在只會在授予部分存取權媒體權限時，突顯最近選取的相片和影片。這項功能可改善經常要求存取相片和影片存取權的應用程式使用者體驗。如要在應用程式中使用這項功能，請透過 ContentResolver 查詢 MediaStore 時啟用 QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY 引數。

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Android 版 Privacy Sandbox

Android 15 包含最新的 Android Ad Services 擴充功能，其中整合了 Android 版 Privacy Sandbox 的最新版本。這項新增功能是我們開發新技術的一部分，旨在強化使用者隱私，並在行動應用程式中提供有效的個人化廣告體驗。我們的 Privacy Sandbox 頁面提供 Android 版 Privacy Sandbox 開發人員預覽版和 Beta 版計畫的更多資訊，協助您開始使用。

Health Connect

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for additional data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

Android 15 supports app screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the app screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is required for each MediaProjection capture session.

使用者體驗和系統使用者介面

Android 15 可讓應用程式開發人員和使用者更靈活地控管裝置設定，以符合自身需求。

如要進一步瞭解如何運用 Android 15 的最新改善項目來改善應用程式的使用者體驗，請參閱 Google I/O 大會的「改善 Android 應用程式的使用者體驗」演講。

使用 Generated Previews API 提供更豐富的小工具預覽畫面

在 Android 15 之前，您只能指定靜態圖片或版面配置資源。這些預覽畫面通常與實際小工具放置在主畫面時的外觀大不相同。此外，您無法使用 Jetpack Glance 建立靜態資源，因此 Glance 開發人員必須截取小工具的螢幕截圖，或建立 XML 版面配置，才能預覽小工具。

Android 15 開始支援產生的預覽畫面。這表示應用程式小工具供應者可以產生 RemoteViews，用於取用器預覽畫面，而非靜態資源。

應用程式可以為小工具挑選器提供遠端檢視畫面，以便更新挑選器中的內容，更貼近使用者將看到的內容。

推送 API

應用程式可以透過推送 API 提供產生的預覽畫面。應用程式可以在生命週期的任何時間點提供預覽畫面，且不會收到來自主機的明確要求，要求提供預覽畫面。預覽會保存在 AppWidgetService 中。主機則可隨選要求叢集以下範例會載入 XML 小工具版面配置資源並將其設為預覽：

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

預期的流程如下：

小工具提供者隨時都會呼叫 setWidgetPreview。提供的預覽內容會連同其他供應商資訊保留在 AppWidgetService 中。
setWidgetPreview 會透過 AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged 回呼通知主機已更新的預覽畫面。做為回應主機重新載入所有供應商資訊。
在顯示小工具預覽畫面時，主機會檢查 AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories，以及類別可供使用，呼叫 AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview 到會傳回這個供應商的儲存預覽畫面。

何時呼叫 `setWidgetPreview`

由於沒有回呼可提供預覽畫面，應用程式可以在執行期間隨時選擇傳送預覽畫面。預覽畫面的更新頻率取決於小工具的用途。

以下清單說明預先發布版用途的兩大類別：

供應商在小工具預覽畫面中顯示實際資料，例如個人化資料或最新資訊這些供應商可在使用者登入或在應用程式中完成初始設定後，設定預覽畫面。之後，他們可以設定定期執行的作業，以所選頻率更新預覽畫面。例如相片、日曆、天氣或新聞
在預覽畫面中顯示靜態資訊，或在快速操作小工具中不顯示任何資料的供應商。這些供應商可以在應用程式首次啟動時設定預覽畫面。例如快速開車動作小工具或 Chrome 捷徑小工具

部分供應商可能會在中心模式挑選器中顯示靜態預覽畫面，但實際上主畫面上挑選器的資訊。這些供應商應依照這兩種用途設定預覽畫面。

子母畫面

Android 15 引進了子母畫面 (PiP) 的變更，確保進入 PiP 模式時的轉換更加流暢。這對在主要 UI 上疊加 UI 元素的應用程式而言十分有用，因為這些元素會進入 PiP。

開發人員會使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回呼來定義切換疊加 UI 元素可見度的邏輯。這個回呼會在子母畫面進入或離開動畫結束時觸發。從 Android 15 開始，PictureInPictureUiState 類別會包含其他狀態。

在這個 UI 狀態下，如果應用程式指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35)，就會在子母畫面動畫開始時，觀察 Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回呼是否已使用 isTransitioningToPip() 叫用。在 PiP 模式下，許多 UI 元素與應用程式無關，例如包含建議內容、即將播放的影片、評分和標題等資訊的檢視畫面或版面配置。當應用程式進入子母畫面模式時，請使用 onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回呼來隱藏這些 UI 元素。當應用程式從子母畫面視窗進入全螢幕模式時，請使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回呼取消隱藏這些元素，如以下範例所示：

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

針對不相關 UI 元素 (適用於子母畫面視窗) 的快速瀏覽權限切換按鈕，可確保子母畫面進入動畫時流暢且不閃爍。

改善「零打擾」規則

AutomaticZenRule 可讓應用程式自訂注意力管理 (請勿打擾) 規則，並決定何時啟用或停用具體做法是指示 Kubernetes 建立並維護一或多個代表這些 Pod 的物件Android 15 大幅強化上述規則，目標是改善使用者體驗包含以下強化項目：

將類型新增至 AutomaticZenRule，讓系統套用特殊類型來處理部分規則
將圖示新增至 AutomaticZenRule，讓模式更容易辨識。
將 triggerDescription 字串新增至 AutomaticZenRule，用來描述規則對使用者的有效條件
已新增 ZenDeviceEffects敬上到AutomaticZenRule，允許規則觸發灰階等事件顯示螢幕、夜間模式，或是調暗桌布

為通知管道設定 VibrationEffect

Android 15 supports setting rich vibrations for incoming notifications by channel using NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect, so your users can distinguish between different types of notifications without having to look at their device.

媒體投影狀態列方塊和自動停止

Media projection can expose private user information. A new, prominent status bar chip makes users aware of any ongoing screen projection. Users can tap the chip to stop screen casting, sharing, or recording. Also, for a more intuitive user experience, any in‑progress screen projection now automatically stops when the device screen is locked.

Status bar chip for screen sharing, casting, and recording.

大螢幕和板型規格

Android 15 可讓應用程式充分發揮 Android 板型規格的效益，包括大螢幕、翻轉式和折疊式裝置。

改善大螢幕多工處理

Android 15 可讓使用者在大螢幕裝置上更妥善地進行多工處理。適用對象舉例來說，使用者可以儲存喜愛的分割畫面應用程式組合，以便快速，並將工作列固定在畫面上，即可快速切換應用程式。也就是說確保應用程式會自動調適，比以往更重要。

Google I/O 大會建構可自動調整的 Android 環境應用程式以及使用 Material 3 建構使用者介面自動調整程式庫這能幫助您，而我們的說明文件也更勝以往，能進一步協助您運用大型語言設計螢幕。

支援封面螢幕

Your app can declare a property that Android 15 uses to allow your Application or Activity to be presented on the small cover screens of supported flippable devices. These screens are too small to be considered as compatible targets for Android apps to run on, but your app can opt in to supporting them, making your app available in more places.

連線能力

Android 15 會更新平台，讓應用程式能夠使用最新的通訊和無線技術。

衛星支援

Android 15 持續擴大平台支援範圍，包括衛星連線，以及包含一些 UI 元素，確保衛星連線環境。

應用程式可以使用 ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() 執行下列操作：會偵測裝置是否與衛星連線可能無法使用完整網路服務的原因此外，Android 15 支援簡訊和多媒體訊息應用程式，以及預先載入的 RCS 應用程式可以收發訊息的衛星連線。

更順暢的 NFC 體驗

Android 15 正在努力讓輕觸付款體驗更流暢可靠，同時繼續支援 Android 強大的 NFC 應用程式生態系統。在支援的裝置上，應用程式可以要求 NfcAdapter 進入觀察模式，在該模式下，裝置會聆聽但不會回應 NFC 讀卡器，並傳送應用程式的 NFC 服務 PollingFrame 物件進行處理。PollingFrame 物件可用於在首次與 NFC 讀取器通訊前進行驗證，在許多情況下可支援單按鈕交易。

此外，應用程式可以在支援的裝置上註冊篩選器，以便在檢查迴圈活動發生時收到通知，進而與多個支援 NFC 的應用程式順利運作。

錢包角色

Android 15 introduces a Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.

The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.

This role is also used to determine where the Wallet Quick Access tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the Quick Access tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.

安全性

Android 15 可協助您提升應用程式的安全性、保護應用程式的資料，並讓使用者更清楚瞭解及掌控自己的資料。請參閱 Google I/O 的「在 Android 上保護使用者安全」演講，進一步瞭解我們如何改善使用者安全防護機制，並保護應用程式免受新威脅的侵擾。

整合 Credential Manager 與自動填入功能

從 Android 15 開始，開發人員可以將特定檢視畫面 (例如使用者名稱或密碼欄位) 與憑證管理工具要求連結，在登入程序中更輕鬆地提供客製化使用者體驗。當使用者將焦點放在其中一個檢視畫面時，系統會將相應要求傳送至憑證管理工具。系統會從各個供應器匯總產生的憑證，並顯示在自動填入備用 UI 中，例如內嵌建議或下拉式建議。Jetpack androidx.credentials 程式庫是開發人員偏好的端點，不久後將可在 Android 15 以上版本中進一步強化這項功能。

整合單鍵註冊和登入功能，並顯示生物特徵辨識提示

Credential Manager 會將生物特徵辨識提示訊息整合至憑證建立和登入程序，因此提供者不必管理生物特徵辨識提示訊息。因此，憑證提供者只需要專注於建立和取得流量的結果，並透過生物特徵辨識流程結果增強。這個簡化程序可建立更有效率且精簡的憑證建立和擷取程序。

端對端加密的金鑰管理

We are introducing the E2eeContactKeysManager in Android 15, which facilitates end-to-end encryption (E2EE) in your Android apps by providing an OS-level API for the storage of cryptographic public keys.

The E2eeContactKeysManager is designed to integrate with the platform contacts app to give users a centralized way to manage and verify their contacts' public keys.

內容 URI 的權限檢查

Android 15 推出一組 API，可針對內容 URI 執行權限檢查：

Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull：會對內容 URI 執行完整權限檢查。
Activity 資訊清單屬性 requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller：這會在活動啟動時，對提供的內容 URI 強制執行指定權限。
Activity 呼叫端的 ComponentCaller 類別：代表啟動活動的應用程式。

無障礙設定

Android 15 新增了可改善使用者無障礙體驗的功能。

改善點字

In Android 15, we've made it possible for TalkBack to support Braille displays that are using the HID standard over both USB and secure Bluetooth.

This standard, much like the one used by mice and keyboards, will help Android support a wider range of Braille displays over time.

國際化

Android 15 新增了功能，可在使用不同語言的裝置上提供更完善的使用者體驗。

CJK 變數字型

Starting with Android 15, the font file for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages, NotoSansCJK, is now a variable font. Variable fonts open up possibilities for creative typography in CJK languages. Designers can explore a broader range of styles and create visually striking layouts that were previously difficult or impossible to achieve.

How the variable font for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages appears with different font widths.

字元間對齊

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

自動換行符號設定

Android 已開始在下列國家/地區支援日文和韓文的詞組換行符號： Android 13 (API 級別 33)。不過，雖然使用詞組的分行符號改善了簡短的文字易讀性，對長行文字的效果不佳。在 Android 15 中，應用程式只能針對短行套用以詞組為準的換行符號方法是使用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 如果有需要 SQL 指令的分析工作負載則 BigQuery 可能是最佳選擇這個選項可為文字選取最合適的字詞樣式選項。

以短行文字來說，使用以詞組為基準的換行符號，運作方式也相同如 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE，如如下圖片：

如果是簡短的文字，`LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` 套用詞組換行，讓文字更清晰易讀。這與套用 `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE`。

對於較長的文字，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 會使用 no 斷行文字樣式，功能與 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE，如如下圖片：

對於長行文字，`LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` 套用不換行的文字樣式，讓文字更清晰易讀。這與套用 `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE`。

額外的日文平假字字型

In Android 15, a font file for old Japanese Hiragana (known as Hentaigana) is bundled by default. The unique shapes of Hentaigana characters can add a distinctive flair to artwork or design while also helping to preserve accurate transmission and understanding of ancient Japanese documents.

Character and text style for the Japanese Hentaigana font.

VideoLAN cone Copyright (c) 1996-2010 VideoLAN. This logo or a modified version may be used or modified by anyone to refer to the VideoLAN project or any product developed by the VideoLAN team, but does not indicate endorsement by the project.

Vulkan and the Vulkan logo are registered trademarks of the Khronos Group Inc.

OpenGL is a registered trademark and the OpenGL ES logo is a trademark of Hewlett Packard Enterprise used by permission by Khronos.

功能與 API 總覽 透過集合功能整理內容 你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。

相機和媒體

低光源增強

應用程式內攝影機控制項

HDR 頭尾空間控制

音量控制

虛擬 MIDI 2.0 裝置

更有效率的 AV1 軟體解碼

開發人員工作效率和工具

OpenJDK 17 更新

PDF 改善功能

自動切換語言的細微調整

改善 OpenType Variable Font API

Kotlin

Java

Kotlin

Java

精細的換行控制

應用程式封存

使用開發人員選項在裝置上啟用 16 KB 模式

圖形

改良 Android 的 GPU 存取權

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

Recommended next steps

改善 Canvas

效能和電池

ApplicationStartInfo API

詳細的應用程式大小資訊

應用程式管理的剖析

SQLite 資料庫改善項目

Android 動態效能架構更新

隱私權

螢幕錄影偵測

擴充的 IntentFilter 功能

私人空間

查詢最近的使用者選取內容，以便取得所選相片存取權

Kotlin

Java

Android 版 Privacy Sandbox

Health Connect

分享應用程式畫面

使用者體驗和系統使用者介面

使用 Generated Previews API 提供更豐富的小工具預覽畫面

推送 API

何時呼叫 setWidgetPreview

子母畫面

改善「零打擾」規則

為通知管道設定 VibrationEffect

媒體投影狀態列方塊和自動停止

大螢幕和板型規格

改善大螢幕多工處理

支援封面螢幕

連線能力

衛星支援

更順暢的 NFC 體驗

錢包角色

安全性

整合 Credential Manager 與自動填入功能

整合單鍵註冊和登入功能，並顯示生物特徵辨識提示

端對端加密的金鑰管理

內容 URI 的權限檢查

無障礙設定

改善點字

國際化

CJK 變數字型

字元間對齊

自動換行符號設定

額外的日文平假字字型

功能與 API 總覽
透過集合功能整理內容你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。

何時呼叫 `setWidgetPreview`