Descripción general de las funciones y APIs

Android 15 presenta excelentes funciones y APIs para desarrolladores. En las siguientes secciones, se resumen estas funciones para ayudarte a comenzar a usar las APIs relacionadas.

Cámara y contenido multimedia

Android 15 incluye una variedad de funciones que mejoran la cámara y la experiencia multimedia, y te dan acceso a herramientas y hardware para ayudar a los creadores a hacer realidad su visión en Android.

Si quieres obtener más información sobre las funciones y soluciones para desarrolladores más recientes de contenido multimedia y cámara de Android, consulta la charla Cómo crear experiencias modernas de cámara y contenido multimedia de Android de Google I/O.

Aumento con poca luz

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, a new auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables new camera capabilities, such as:

• Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
• Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

Controles de cámara en la app

En Android 15, se agrega una nueva extensión para tener más control sobre el hardware de la cámara y sus algoritmos en los dispositivos compatibles:

• Ajustes avanzados de intensidad del flash que permiten un control preciso de la intensidad del flash en los modos SINGLE y TORCH mientras se capturan imágenes

Control del margen de HDR

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

Control de volumen

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

Dispositivos MIDI virtuales 2.0

Android 13 agregó compatibilidad para conectarse a dispositivos MIDI 2.0 mediante USB, que se comunican mediante paquetes MIDI universales (UMP). Android 15 extiende la compatibilidad con UMP a apps MIDI virtuales, lo que permite que las apps de composición controlen las apps de sintetizador como un dispositivo MIDI 2.0 virtual, al igual que lo harían con un dispositivo MIDI USB 2.0.

Decodificación de software AV1 más eficiente

dav1d, el popular decodificador de software AV1 de VideoLAN ahora está disponible para dispositivos Android que no admiten la decodificación AV1 en hardware. Dav1d es hasta 3 veces más eficaz que el decodificador de software AV1 heredado, lo que permite la reproducción en HD AV1 para más usuarios, incluidos algunos dispositivos de nivel bajo y medio.

Por ahora, tu app debe invocar dav1d para habilitar el uso de dav1d con el nombre "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder". dav1d se convertirá en el decodificador de software de AV1 predeterminado en una actualización posterior. Esta compatibilidad está estandarizada y adaptada a dispositivos Android 11 que reciben actualizaciones del sistema de Google Play.

Productividad y herramientas para desarrolladores

Si bien la mayor parte de nuestro trabajo para mejorar la productividad se centra en herramientas como Android Studio, Jetpack Compose y las bibliotecas de Android Jetpack, siempre buscamos formas en la plataforma que te ayuden a hacer realidad tu visión con mayor facilidad.

Actualizaciones de OpenJDK 17

Android 15 continúa la tarea de actualizar las bibliotecas principales de Android para alinearlas con las funciones de las versiones más recientes de LTS de OpenJDK.

Se incluyen las siguientes mejoras y funciones clave:

• Mejoras en la calidad de vida de los búferes de NIO
• Transmisiones
• Métodos math y strictmath adicionales
• Actualizaciones de paquetes de util que incluyen collection, map y set secuenciados
• Asistencia de ByteBuffer en Deflater
• Actualizaciones de seguridad, como X500PrivateCredential y actualizaciones de llaves de seguridad

Estas APIs se actualizan en más de mil millones de dispositivos que ejecutan Android 12 (nivel de API 31) y versiones posteriores mediante actualizaciones del sistema de Google Play para que puedas orientarte a las funciones de programación más recientes.

Mejoras en los archivos PDF

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

We value your feedback on the enhancements we've made to the PdfRenderer API surface, and we plan to make it even easier to incorporate these APIs into your app with an upcoming Android Jetpack library.

Mejoras en el cambio automático de idioma

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

Se mejoró la API de OpenType Variable Font

Android 15 improves the usability of the OpenType variable font. You can now create a FontFamily instance from a variable font without specifying weight axes with the buildVariableFamily API. The text renderer overrides the value of wght axis to match the displaying text.

Using the new API, this simplifies the code for creating a Typeface considerably:

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

Previously, to create the same Typeface, you would need much more code:

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

Here's an example of how a Typeface created with both the old and new APIs renders:

In this example, the Typeface created with the old API doesn't have the capability to create accurate font weights for the 350, 450, 550 and 650 Font instances, so the renderer falls back to the closest weight. So in this case, 300 is rendered instead of 350, 400 is rendered instead of 450, and so on. By contrast, the Typeface created with the new APIs dynamically creates a Font instance for a given weight, so accurate weights are rendered for 350, 450, 550, and 650 as well.

Controles detallados de salto de línea

A partir de Android 15, un TextView y el salto de línea subyacente pueden conservar la parte determinada del texto en la misma línea para mejorar la legibilidad. Puedes aprovechar esta personalización de salto de línea con la etiqueta <nobreak> en los recursos de cadenas o createNoBreakSpan. Del mismo modo, puedes conservar palabras de la separación silábica con la etiqueta <nohyphen> o createNoHyphenationSpan.

Por ejemplo, el siguiente recurso de cadenas no incluye un salto de línea y se renderiza con el texto "Pixel 8 Pro" rompiendo en un lugar no deseado:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

Por el contrario, este recurso de cadenas incluye la etiqueta <nobreak>, que une la frase "Pixel 8 Pro" y evita los saltos de línea:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

La diferencia en la forma en que se renderizan estas cadenas se muestra en las siguientes imágenes:

Diseño de una línea de texto donde la frase "Pixel 8 Pro" no se une con una etiqueta <nobreak>.

Diseño para la misma línea de texto donde la frase "Pixel 8 Pro" está unida a la etiqueta <nobreak>.

Archivo de apps

Android y Google Play anunciaron su compatibilidad con el archivo de apps el año pasado, lo que les permite a los usuarios liberar espacio quitando parcialmente las apps que se usan con poca frecuencia del dispositivo que se publicaron con Android App Bundle en Google Play. Android 15 ahora incluye compatibilidad a nivel del SO para archivar y desarchivar apps, lo que facilita que todas las tiendas de aplicaciones lo implementen.

Las apps con el permiso REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES pueden llamar al método PackageInstaller requestArchive para solicitar que se archive un paquete de app instalado, lo que quita el APK y todos los archivos almacenados en caché, pero conserva los datos del usuario. Las apps archivadas se muestran como apps visibles a través de las APIs de LauncherApps. Los usuarios verán un tratamiento de la IU para destacar que esas apps están archivadas. Si un usuario presiona una app archivada, el instalador responsable recibirá una solicitud para desarchivarla, y el proceso de restablecimiento se puede supervisar con la transmisión ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED.

Gráficos

Android 15 ofrece las mejoras de gráficos más recientes, como ANGLE y adiciones al sistema de gráficos Canvas.

Modernización del acceso a las GPU de Android

Android hardware has evolved quite a bit from the early days where the core OS would run on a single CPU and GPUs were accessed using APIs based on fixed-function pipelines. The Vulkan® graphics API has been available in the NDK since Android 7.0 (API level 24) with a lower-level abstraction that better reflects modern GPU hardware, scales better to support multiple CPU cores, and offers reduced CPU driver overhead — leading to improved app performance. Vulkan is supported by all modern game engines.

Vulkan is Android's preferred interface to the GPU. Therefore, Android 15 includes ANGLE as an optional layer for running OpenGL® ES on top of Vulkan. Moving to ANGLE will standardize the Android OpenGL implementation for improved compatibility, and, in some cases, improved performance. You can test out your OpenGL ES app stability and performance with ANGLE by enabling the developer option in Settings -> System -> Developer Options -> Experimental: Enable ANGLE on Android 15.

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

As part of streamlining our GPU stack, going forward we will be shipping ANGLE as the GL system driver on more new devices, with the future expectation that OpenGL/ES will be only available through ANGLE. That being said, we plan to continue support for OpenGL ES on all devices.

Recommended next steps

Use the developer options to select the ANGLE driver for OpenGL ES and test your app. For new projects, we strongly encourage using Vulkan for C/C++.

Mejoras de Canvas

Android 15 continues our modernization of Android's Canvas graphics system with new capabilities:

• Matrix44 provides a 4x4 matrix for transforming coordinates that should be used when you want to manipulate the canvas in 3D.
• clipShader intersects the current clip with the specified shader, while clipOutShader sets the clip to the difference of the current clip and the shader, each treating the shader as an alpha mask. This supports the drawing of complex shapes efficiently.

Rendimiento y batería

Android continúa su enfoque en ayudarte a mejorar el rendimiento y la calidad de tus apps. Android 15 presenta nuevas APIs que ayudan a que las tareas de tu app sean más eficientes de ejecutar, optimizar el rendimiento de las apps y recopilar estadísticas sobre ellas.

Si deseas conocer las prácticas recomendadas para ahorrar batería, depurar el uso de la red y la energía, y obtener detalles sobre cómo mejoramos la eficiencia de la batería del trabajo en segundo plano en Android 15 y versiones recientes de Android, consulta el artículo de Google I/O Cómo mejorar la eficiencia de la batería del trabajo en segundo plano en Android.

API de ApplicationStartInfo

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

Información detallada sobre el tamaño de la app

A partir de Android 8.0 (nivel de API 26), Android incluyó la API de StorageStats.getAppBytes que resume el tamaño instalado de una app como una sola cantidad de bytes, que es una suma del tamaño del APK, el tamaño de los archivos extraídos del APK y los archivos que se generaron en el dispositivo, como el código compilado por adelantado (AOT). Esta cifra no es muy detallada en términos de cómo tu app usa el almacenamiento.

En Android 15, se agrega la API de StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]), que te permite obtener estadísticas sobre cómo tu app usa todo ese espacio, incluidas las divisiones de archivos APK, el código relacionado con AOT y la aceleración, metadatos dex, bibliotecas y perfiles guiados.

Generación de perfiles administrada por la app

Android 15 incluye la clase ProfilingManager completamente nueva, que te permite recopilar información de generación de perfiles desde tu app. Tenemos previsto unir esto con una API de Android Jetpack que simplificará la construcción de solicitudes de generación de perfiles, pero la API principal permitirá la recopilación de volcados de montón, perfiles de montón, muestreo de pila y mucho más. Proporciona una devolución de llamada a tu app con una etiqueta proporcionada para identificar el archivo de salida, que se entrega al directorio de archivos de la app. La API establece un límite de frecuencia para minimizar el impacto en el rendimiento.

Mejoras en la base de datos SQLite

Android 15 introduce nuevas APIs de SQLite que exponen funciones avanzadas del motor SQLite subyacente que tienen como objetivo problemas de rendimiento específicos que pueden manifestarse en las apps.

Los desarrolladores deben consultar las prácticas recomendadas sobre el rendimiento de SQLite para aprovechar al máximo su base de datos SQLite, en especial cuando trabajan con bases de datos grandes o cuando se ejecutan consultas sensibles a la latencia.

• Transacciones diferidas de solo lectura: Cuando emitas transacciones de solo lectura (no incluyen instrucciones de escritura), usa beginTransactionReadOnly() y beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) para emitir transacciones DEFERRED de solo lectura. Estas transacciones pueden ejecutarse de forma simultánea y, si la base de datos está en modo WAL, pueden ejecutarse en simultáneo con las transacciones de IMMEDIATE o EXCLUSIVE.
• ID y recuentos de filas: Se agregaron nuevas APIs para recuperar el recuento de las filas modificadas o el ID de la última fila insertada sin emitir una consulta adicional. getLastChangedRowCount() muestra la cantidad de filas que insertó, actualizó o borró la instrucción de SQL más reciente dentro de la transacción actual, mientras que getTotalChangedRowCount() muestra el recuento de la conexión actual. getLastInsertRowId() muestra el rowid de la última fila que se insertará en la conexión actual.
• Declaraciones sin procesar: Emite una declaración de SQlite sin procesar, evitando las wrappers de conveniencia y cualquier sobrecarga de procesamiento adicional que puedan generar.

Actualizaciones del framework de rendimiento dinámico de Android

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 will add new ADPF capabilities:

• A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
• GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
• Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

Privacidad

Android 15 incluye una variedad de funciones que ayudan a los desarrolladores de apps a proteger la privacidad del usuario.

Detección de grabación de pantalla

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

Capacidades expandidas de IntentFilter

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the new <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the new android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

Espacio privado

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

• Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
• Launcher apps
• App store apps

Consultar la selección más reciente del usuario para el acceso a las fotos seleccionadas

It is now possible for apps to highlight only the most recently selected photos and videos when partial access to media permissions is granted. This feature can improve the user experience for apps that frequently request access to photos and videos. To use this feature in your app, enable the QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY argument when querying MediaStore through ContentResolver.

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox en Android

Android 15 includes the latest Android Ad Services extensions, incorporating the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android. This addition is part of our work to develop new technologies that improve user privacy and enable effective, personalized advertising experiences for mobile apps. Our privacy sandbox page has more information about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer preview and beta programs to help you get started.

Health Connect

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for new data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

• Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
• Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

Compartir pantalla parcialmente

Android 15 supports partial screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the partial screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is now required for each MediaProjection capture session.

IU del sistema y experiencia del usuario

Android 15 ofrece a los desarrolladores y usuarios de apps más control y flexibilidad para configurar sus dispositivos en función de sus necesidades.

Si quieres obtener más información sobre el uso de las mejoras más recientes de Android 15 para optimizar la experiencia del usuario de tu app, consulta el diálogo de Google I/O Cómo mejorar la experiencia del usuario de tu app para Android.

Vistas previas de widgets más completas con la API de Generated Previews

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

1. At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
2. setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
3. When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call setWidgetPreview

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

• Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
• Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

Pantalla en pantalla

Android 15 introduces new changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes a new state.

With this new UI state, apps targeting Android 15 will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

Mejora de las reglas de No interrumpir

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

• Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
• Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
• Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
• Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

Cómo establecer VibrationEffect para los canales de notificaciones

Android 15 admite la configuración de vibraciones enriquecidas para notificaciones entrantes por canal con NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect, de modo que los usuarios puedan distinguir entre diferentes tipos de notificaciones sin tener que mirar el dispositivo.

Pantallas y factores de forma grandes

Android 15 brinda a tus apps la compatibilidad para aprovechar al máximo los factores de forma de Android, incluidas las pantallas grandes, los dispositivos plegables y los dispositivos plegables.

Mejora de la realización de varias tareas a la vez en pantalla grande

Android 15 gives users better ways to multitask on large screen devices. For example, users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for quick access and pin the taskbar on screen to quickly switch between apps. This means that making sure your app is adaptive is more important than ever.

Google I/O has sessions on Building adaptive Android apps and Building UI with the Material 3 adaptive library that can help, and our documentation has more to help you Design for large screens.

Compatibilidad con pantallas de portada

Tu app puede declarar una propiedad que Android 15 usa para permitir que tu Application o Activity se presente en las pequeñas pantallas de portada de los dispositivos que admiten la pantalla abatible. Estas pantallas son demasiado pequeñas para considerarlas como objetivos compatibles de modo que las apps para Android se ejecuten en ellas, pero tu app puede aceptar admitirlas, lo que hará que esté disponible en más lugares.

Conectividad

Android 15 actualiza la plataforma para que tu app pueda acceder a los avances más recientes en tecnologías inalámbricas y de comunicación.

Compatibilidad con satélites

Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.

Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() to detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15 provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.

Experiencias NFC más fluidas

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can now register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

Rol de Billetera

Android 15 introduce un nuevo rol de Billetera que permite una mayor integración con la app de Billetera preferida del usuario. Este rol reemplaza la configuración predeterminada de pago sin contacto de NFC. Para administrar el titular de la función de Billetera, los usuarios pueden navegar a Configuración > Apps > Apps predeterminadas.

El rol de billetera se usa cuando se enrutan los toques de NFC para los AID registrados en la categoría de pago. Los pagos siempre se dirigen al titular del rol de la Billetera, a menos que se ejecute en primer plano otra app registrada para el mismo AID.

Este rol también se usa para determinar dónde debe ir la tarjeta de Acceso rápido a la Billetera cuando se active. Cuando la función se establece en "None", la tarjeta de QuickAccess no está disponible y los toques de NFC de la categoría de pago solo se entregan a la app en primer plano.

Seguridad

Android 15 te ayuda a mejorar la seguridad de tu app, proteger sus datos y les brinda a los usuarios más transparencia y control sobre sus datos. Consulta la charla Cómo proteger la seguridad del usuario en Android de Google I/O si deseas obtener más información sobre lo que hacemos para mejorar la protección de los usuarios y proteger tu app contra nuevas amenazas.

Cómo integrar Credential Manager con la función Autocompletar

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

Integra el registro y el acceso con un solo toque con instrucciones biométricas

Credential Manager integrates biometric prompts into the credential creation and sign-in processes, eliminating the need for providers to manage biometric prompts. As a result, credential providers only need to focus on the results of the create and get flows, augmented with the biometric flow result. This simplified process creates a more efficient and streamlined credential creation and retrieval process.

Administración de claves para la encriptación de extremo a extremo

Presentamos E2eeContactKeysManager en Android 15, que facilita la encriptación de extremo a extremo (E2EE) en tus apps para Android mediante una API a nivel del SO destinada al almacenamiento de claves públicas criptográficas.

El E2eeContactKeysManager está diseñado para integrarse con la app de contactos de la plataforma a fin de brindarles a los usuarios una forma centralizada de administrar y verificar las claves públicas de sus contactos.

Comprobaciones de permisos en URI de contenido

Android 15 introduces a new set of APIs that perform permission checks on content URIs:

• Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull: This performs a full permission check on content URIs.
• Activity manifest attribute requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller: This enforces specified permissions on the provided content URIs at activity launch.
• ComponentCaller class for Activity callers: This represents the app that launched the activity.

Accesibilidad

En Android 15, se agregan funciones que mejoran la accesibilidad para los usuarios.

Mejor braille

En Android 15, permitimos que TalkBack admita pantallas braille que usen el estándar HID a través de USB y Bluetooth seguro.

Este estándar, al igual que el que se usa en mouse y teclados, ayudará a Android a admitir una mayor variedad de pantallas braille con el tiempo.

Internacionalización

En Android 15, se agregan funciones y capacidades que complementan la experiencia del usuario cuando un dispositivo se usa en diferentes idiomas.

Fuente variable CJK

Starting with Android 15, the font file for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages, NotoSansCJK, is now a variable font. Variable fonts open up new possibilities for creative typography in CJK languages. Designers can explore a broader range of styles and create visually striking layouts that were previously difficult or impossible to achieve.

Justificación entre caracteres

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the new JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the new JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Configuración de salto de línea automático

Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text. In Android 15, apps can now apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.

For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, as shown in the following image:

For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO uses a no line-break word style, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, as shown in the following image:

Nueva fuente japonesa hentaigana

En Android 15, se incluye de forma predeterminada un archivo de fuentes nuevo para el antiguo hiragana japonés (conocido como Hentaigana). Las formas únicas de los personajes de Hentaigana pueden agregar un toque distintivo al material gráfico o al diseño, y ayudar a preservar la transmisión y la comprensión exactas de los documentos japoneses antiguos.

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