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本頁面由 Cloud Translation API 翻譯而成。

功能與 API 總覽

Android 15 為開發人員推出了強大的新功能和 API。以下各節會概述這些功能，協助您開始使用相關 API。

如需新增、修改及移除 API 的詳細清單，請參閱 API 差異比較表。如要進一步瞭解新增的 API，請參閱 Android API 參考資料。如果是 Android 15，請找出在 API 級別 35 中新增的 API。如要瞭解平台變更可能對應用程式造成的影響，請務必查看指定 Android 15 的應用程式和所有應用程式的 Android 15 行為變更。

相機和媒體

Android 15 包含多種功能，可改善相機和媒體體驗，並提供工具和硬體，協助創作者在 Android 上實現創作構想。

如要進一步瞭解 Android 媒體和相機的最新功能和開發人員解決方案，請參閱 Google I/O 大會的「建構現代化 Android 媒體和相機體驗」演講。

低光源增強

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, an auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables camera capabilities, such as:

Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

應用程式內攝影機控制項

Android 15 新增了擴充功能，讓你在支援的裝置上進一步控管相機硬體及其演算法：

進階閃光燈強度調整功能，可讓您在拍照時精確控制 SINGLE 和 TORCH 模式的閃光燈強度。

HDR 頭尾空間控制

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

The brightness of SDR UI elements on the left screen appears to be more uniform than the brightness on the right screen, which simulates possible headroom issues when HDR and SDR content are mixed. By adjusting the HDR headroom, you can achieve a better balance between the SDR and HDR content.

音量控制

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

虛擬 MIDI 2.0 裝置

Android 13 新增了支援功能，可透過 USB 連線至MIDI 2.0 裝置，並透過通用 MIDI 封包 (UMP) 進行通訊。Android 15 將 UMP 支援擴充為虛擬 MIDI 應用程式，方便組合應用程式控制合成器應用程式安裝 MIDI 2.0 虛擬裝置，就像使用 USB MIDI 2.0 裝置一樣。

更有效率的 AV1 軟體解碼

dav1d 標誌

dav1d 是 VideoLAN 的熱門 AV1 軟體解碼器，現可用於硬體中不支援 AV1 解碼的 Android 裝置。dav1d 的效能比舊版 AV1 軟體解碼器高出 3 倍，可讓更多使用者 (包括一些低階和中階裝置) 透過 HD AV1 播放。

目前，應用程式必須以 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 的名稱叫用 dav1d，以便選擇加入 dav1d。後續更新會將 dav1d 設為預設 AV1 軟體解碼器。這項支援功能經過標準化及向後移植至收到 Google Play 系統更新的 Android 11 裝置。

開發人員工作效率和工具

雖然我們大部分的工作都是圍繞著 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 程式庫等工具，來提升您的工作效率，但我們也一直在尋找各種方法，讓您能更輕鬆地在平台上實現願景。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

The following key features and improvements are included:

Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
Streams
Additional math and strictmath methods
util package updates including sequenced collection, map, and set
ByteBuffer support in Deflater
Security updates such as X500PrivateCredential and security key updates

These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.

PDF 改善功能

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use. The Jetpack PDF library uses these APIs to simplify adding PDF viewing capabilities to your app.

The latest updates to PDF rendering include features such as searching an embedded PDF file.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

自動切換語言的細微調整

Android 14 新增了裝置端的多語言辨識功能，支援自動切換語言，但這可能會導致字詞遭到捨棄，尤其是在語言切換時，兩個語音之間的停頓幅度較小。Android 15 新增了額外控制項，協助應用程式調整相關用途。EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS 會限制自動切換至音訊工作階段開頭，EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES 則會在經過指定數量的切換按鈕後停用語言切換功能。如果您預期會在工作階段應自動偵測單一語言，就很適合使用這些選項。

改善 OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 改善了 OpenType 變數字型的可用性。您現在可以在不指定變數的情況下，使用變數字型建立 FontFamily 執行個體使用 buildVariableFamily API 加權軸。文字轉譯器覆寫設定與顯示文字相符的 wght 軸值。

使用新的 API 可簡化建立 Typeface 的程式碼相當明顯：

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

過去，如要建立相同的 Typeface，您需要更多程式碼：

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

以下範例說明如何同時使用新舊 API 建立 Typeface 算繪：

示例：使用新舊字體的 Typeface 算繪不同之處
API

在這個範例中，使用舊版 API 建立的 Typeface 沒有建立準確的字型粗細 Font 例項，因此轉譯器會改回使用最接近的權重。如此那麼轉譯值會是 300 而不是 350，而是顯示 400，而非 450；且依此類推相反地，使用新 API 建立的 Typeface 會以動態方式建立指定權重的 Font 例項，因此會以 350 為單位呈現準確的權重 450、550 和 650。

精細的換行控制

從 Android 15 開始，TextView 和基礎的斷行元件可保留文字的指定部分，以便在同一行中顯示，藉此改善可讀性。您可以在字串資源或 createNoBreakSpan 中使用 <nobreak> 標記，充分利用這項換行自訂功能。同樣地，您也可以使用 <nohyphen> 標記或 createNoHyphenationSpan，避免系統斷字。

舉例來說，下列字串資源未包含換行符號，因此在顯示「Pixel 8 Pro」時，文字會在不適當的位置中斷：

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

相反地，這個字串資源包含 <nobreak> 標記，可將「Pixel 8 Pro」這個詞組包起來，並防止換行：

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

下圖顯示這些字串的算繪方式差異：

使用 <nobreak> 標記包裝「Pixel 8 Pro」詞組的一行文字版面配置。

同行文字的版面配置，其中「Pixel 8 Pro」字詞使用 <nobreak> 標記包裝。

應用程式封存

Android and Google Play announced support for app archiving last year, allowing users to free up space by partially removing infrequently used apps from the device that were published using Android App Bundle on Google Play. Android 15 includes OS level support for app archiving and unarchiving, making it easier for all app stores to implement it.

Apps with the REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES permission can call the PackageInstaller requestArchive method to request archiving an installed app package, which removes the APK and any cached files, but persists user data. Archived apps are returned as displayable apps through the LauncherApps APIs; users will see a UI treatment to highlight that those apps are archived. If a user taps on an archived app, the responsible installer will get a request to unarchive it, and the restoration process can be monitored by the ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED broadcast.

圖形

Android 15 提供最新的圖形改善功能，包括 ANGLE 和 Canvas 圖形系統的新增功能。

改良 Android 的 GPU 存取權

Vulkan logo

Android hardware has evolved quite a bit from the early days where the core OS would run on a single CPU and GPUs were accessed using APIs based on fixed-function pipelines. The Vulkan® graphics API has been available in the NDK since Android 7.0 (API level 24) with a lower-level abstraction that better reflects modern GPU hardware, scales better to support multiple CPU cores, and offers reduced CPU driver overhead — leading to improved app performance. Vulkan is supported by all modern game engines.

Vulkan is Android's preferred interface to the GPU. Therefore, Android 15 includes ANGLE as an optional layer for running OpenGL® ES on top of Vulkan. Moving to ANGLE will standardize the Android OpenGL implementation for improved compatibility, and, in some cases, improved performance. You can test out your OpenGL ES app stability and performance with ANGLE by enabling the developer option in Settings -> System -> Developer Options -> Experimental: Enable ANGLE on Android 15.

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

Roadmap of upcoming changes to the Android GPU APIs.

As part of streamlining our GPU stack, going forward we will be shipping ANGLE as the GL system driver on more new devices, with the future expectation that OpenGL/ES will be only available through ANGLE. That being said, we plan to continue support for OpenGL ES on all devices.

Recommended next steps

Use the developer options to select the ANGLE driver for OpenGL ES and test your app. For new projects, we strongly encourage using Vulkan for C/C++.

改善 Canvas

Android 15 持續翻新 Android 的 Canvas 圖形系統，並提供新功能：

Matrix44 提供 4x4 矩陣，可轉換在 3D 中操控畫布時應使用的座標。
clipShader 會將目前片段與指定的著色器交錯，clipOutShader 則會將片段設為目前片段和著色器的差異，同時將著色器視為 Alpha 遮罩。這個做法可讓您有效率地繪製複雜的形狀。

效能和電池

Android 持續專注於協助您改善應用程式的效能和品質。Android 15 推出了可協助您提高應用程式執行效率、改善應用程式效能，以及收集應用程式相關深入分析資訊的 API。

如要瞭解省電最佳做法、網路和電力使用情況偵錯，以及我們如何改善 Android 15 和近期 Android 版本的背景工作電池效率，請參閱 Google I/O 的「Improving battery efficiency of background work on Android」(改善 Android 背景工作電池效率) 演講。

ApplicationStartInfo API

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

詳細的應用程式大小資訊

自 Android 8.0 (API 級別 26) 起，Android 納入 StorageStats.getAppBytes API，可將應用程式的安裝大小匯總為單一位元組，包括 APK 大小、從 APK 擷取的檔案大小，以及在裝置上產生的檔案 (例如預先 (AOT) 編譯程式碼) 在內。這個數字在您的應用程式使用儲存空間方面沒有非常少見。

Android 15 新增了 StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API，可讓您深入分析應用程式使用相同空間的情形，包括 APK 檔案分割、AOT 和加速相關程式碼、DEX 中繼資料、程式庫，以及引導式設定檔。

應用程式管理的剖析

Android 15 包含 ProfilingManager 類別，可讓您從應用程式內收集剖析資訊，例如記憶體快照資料、記憶體快照資料、堆疊取樣等。它會為您的應用程式提供回呼，並提供標記來識別輸出檔案，該檔案會傳送至應用程式的檔案目錄。API 會實施頻率限制，盡可能降低對效能的影響。

如要簡化應用程式中的剖析要求建構程序，建議您使用對應的 Profiling AndroidX API (適用於 Core 1.15.0-rc01 以上版本)。

SQLite 資料庫改善項目

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 動態效能架構更新

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 adds ADPF capabilities:

A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

隱私權

Android 15 包含多種功能，可協助應用程式開發人員保護使用者隱私。

螢幕錄影偵測

Android 15 新增支援應用程式，偵測出。每當應用程式在螢幕錄影中從可見轉為不可見，系統就會叫用回呼。如果系統正在記錄註冊程序的 UID 所擁有的活動，就會將應用程式視為可見。這樣一來，如果應用程式執行敏感作業，您就可以通知使用者正在進行錄影。

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

擴充的 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 版本內建支援透過 UriRelativeFilterGroup 更精確地解析 Intent，其中包含一組 UriRelativeFilter 物件，可形成一組必須滿足的 Intent 比對規則，包括網址查詢參數、網址片段，以及封鎖或排除規則。

您可以在 AndroidManifest XML 檔案中使用 <uri-relative-filter-group> 標記定義這些規則，並視需要納入 android:allow 標記。這些標記可包含使用現有資料標記屬性的 <data> 標記，以及 android:query 和 android:fragment 屬性。

以下是 AndroidManifest 語法範例：

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私人空間

The private space can be unlocked and locked to show or hide sensitive apps on a device.

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
Medical apps
Launcher apps
App store apps

查詢使用者最近一次選取的「指定相片存取權」

應用程式現在只會在授予部分存取權媒體權限時，突顯最近選取的相片和影片。這項功能可改善經常要求存取相片和影片存取權的應用程式使用者體驗。如要在應用程式中使用這項功能，請透過 ContentResolver 查詢 MediaStore 時啟用 QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY 引數。

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Android 版 Privacy Sandbox

Android 15 包含最新的 Android 廣告服務擴充功能，並納入最新版本的 Android 版 Privacy Sandbox。這些額外措施是我們開發新技術的一環，旨在改善使用者隱私並打造行動應用程式中成效良好的個人化廣告體驗。如要進一步瞭解 Android 版 Privacy Sandbox 開發人員預覽版和 Beta 版計畫，請參閱隱私權沙箱頁面，瞭解如何開始使用。

Health Connect

Android 15 整合了 Health Connect by Android 的最新擴充功能，這是一個安全且集中式的平台，可用於管理及分享應用程式收集的健康與健身資料。這次更新新增了健身、營養、皮膚溫度、訓練計畫等其他資料類型的支援。

皮膚溫度追蹤功能可讓使用者透過穿戴式裝置或其他追蹤裝置，儲存及分享更準確的溫度資料。

訓練計畫是結構化的運動計畫，可協助使用者達成健身目標。訓練計畫支援各種完成和表現目標：

達成卡路里燃燒量目標， distance、duration、重複和步數。
成效目標重複次數 (AMRAP) 頻率、心率電源，體能率速度。

如要進一步瞭解 Android 中的 Health Connect 最新更新，請觀看 Google I/O 大會的透過 Android 健康資料建構可調整的體驗演講。

Android 15 支援應用程式畫面分享功能，因此使用者可以只分享或錄製應用程式視窗，而非整個裝置畫面。這項功能最初是在 Android 14 QPR2 中啟用，其中包含 MediaProjection 回呼，可讓應用程式自訂應用程式螢幕分享體驗。請注意，如果應用程式指定 Android 14 (API 級別 34) 以上版本，則每個 MediaProjection 擷取工作階段都需要使用者同意。

使用者體驗和系統使用者介面

Android 15 可讓應用程式開發人員和使用者更靈活地控管裝置設定，以符合自身需求。

如要進一步瞭解如何運用 Android 15 的最新改善項目來改善應用程式的使用者體驗，請參閱 Google I/O 大會的「改善 Android 應用程式的使用者體驗」演講。

使用 Generated Previews API 提供更豐富的小工具預覽畫面

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call `setWidgetPreview`

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

子母畫面

Android 15 introduces changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes another state.

With this UI state, apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

改善「零打擾」規則

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

為通知管道設定 VibrationEffect

Android 15 支援使用 NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect 為特定管道設定豐富的震動效果，讓使用者不必查看裝置，就能區分不同類型的通知。

媒體投影狀態列方塊和自動停止

Media projection can expose private user information. A new, prominent status bar chip makes users aware of any ongoing screen projection. Users can tap the chip to stop screen casting, sharing, or recording. Also, for a more intuitive user experience, any in‑progress screen projection now automatically stops when the device screen is locked.

Status bar chip for screen sharing, casting, and recording.

大螢幕和板型規格

Android 15 可讓應用程式充分發揮 Android 板型規格的效益，包括大螢幕、翻轉式和折疊式裝置。

改善大螢幕多工處理功能

Users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for
quick access

Android 15 gives users better ways to multitask on large screen devices. For example, users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for quick access and pin the taskbar on screen to quickly switch between apps. This means that making sure your app is adaptive is more important than ever.

Google I/O has sessions on Building adaptive Android apps and Building UI with the Material 3 adaptive library that can help, and our documentation has more to help you Design for large screens.

支援封面螢幕

應用程式可以宣告 Android 15 用來宣告的屬性，以便讓您的 Application 或 Activity 顯示在支援的可滑動裝置小封面螢幕。這些畫面太小，無法視為 Android 應用程式的相容目標，但您的應用程式可以選擇支援這些畫面，藉此在更多地方提供您的應用程式。

連線能力

Android 15 會更新平台，讓應用程式能夠使用最新的通訊和無線技術。

衛星支援

Android 15 持續擴大平台支援範圍，包括衛星連線，以及包含一些 UI 元素，確保衛星連線環境。

應用程式可以使用 ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() 執行下列操作：會偵測裝置是否與衛星連線可能無法使用完整網路服務的原因此外，Android 15 支援簡訊和多媒體訊息應用程式，以及預先載入的 RCS 應用程式可以收發訊息的衛星連線。

更順暢的 NFC 體驗

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

錢包角色

Android 15 導入了新的錢包角色，可更緊密地與使用者偏好的錢包應用程式整合。這個角色會取代 NFC 預設的感應支付設定。使用者可以依序前往「設定」>「應用程式」>「預設應用程式」，管理錢包角色持有人。

針對付款類別中註冊的 AID 進行 NFC 感應支付時，系統會使用「錢包」角色。除非在前景中執行註冊相同 AID 的另一個應用程式，否則感應功能會一律傳送至錢包角色持有者。

這個角色也能用來判斷在啟用錢包 QuickAccess 圖塊後應前往的位置。將角色設為「None」時，則無法使用 QuickAccess 設定方塊，且付款類別的 NFC 輕觸動作只會傳送至前景應用程式。

安全性

Android 15 可協助您提升應用程式的安全性、保護應用程式的資料，並讓使用者更清楚瞭解及掌控自己的資料。請參閱 Google I/O 的「在 Android 上保護使用者安全」演講，進一步瞭解我們如何改善使用者安全防護機制，並保護應用程式免受新威脅的侵擾。

將 Credential Manager 與自動填入功能整合

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

整合單鍵註冊和登入功能，並顯示生物辨識提示

Credential Manager 會將生物特徵辨識提示訊息整合至憑證建立和登入程序，因此提供者不必管理生物特徵辨識提示訊息。因此，憑證提供者只需要專注於建立和取得流量的結果，並透過生物特徵辨識流程結果增強。這個簡化程序可建立更有效率且精簡的憑證建立和擷取程序。

端對端加密的金鑰管理

我們將在 Android 15 中推出 E2eeContactKeysManager，藉由提供 OS 層級 API 來儲存加密編譯公開金鑰，進而在 Android 應用程式中加入端對端加密 (E2EE)。

E2eeContactKeysManager 的設計旨在與平台聯絡應用程式整合，讓使用者能集中管理及驗證聯絡人的公開金鑰。

內容 URI 的權限檢查

Android 15 導入了一組新的 API，可對內容 URI 執行權限檢查：

Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull：這會對內容 URI 執行完整權限檢查。
Activity 資訊清單屬性 requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller：這會在活動啟動時對提供的內容 URI 強制執行指定權限。
Activity 呼叫端的 ComponentCaller 類別：代表啟動活動的應用程式。

無障礙設定

Android 15 新增了可改善使用者無障礙體驗的功能。

改善點字

在 Android 15 中，我們讓 TalkBack 能夠支援透過 USB 和安全藍牙採用 HID 標準的點字顯示器。

如同滑鼠和鍵盤所使用的標準，Android 日後將支援更多點字顯示器。

國際化

Android 15 新增了功能和能力，可在使用不同語言的裝置上提供更完善的使用者體驗。

CJK 變數字型

自 Android 15 起，中文、日文和韓文 (CJK) 語言的字型檔案現在是可變的字型。變數字型為 CJK 語言的廣告素材字體排版開啟了新的可能性。設計人員可以探索更多樣式，建立視覺效果引人注目的版面配置，而這些版面配置原本難以實現或無法實現。

字元間對齊

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

自動換行符號設定

Android 已開始在下列國家/地區支援日文和韓文的詞組換行符號： Android 13 (API 級別 33)。不過，雖然使用詞組的分行符號改善了簡短的文字易讀性，對長行文字的效果不佳。在 Android 15 中，應用程式只能針對短行套用以詞組為準的換行符號方法是使用 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 如果有需要 SQL 指令的分析工作負載則 BigQuery 可能是最佳選擇這個選項可為文字選取最合適的字詞樣式選項。

以短行文字來說，使用以詞組為基準的換行符號，運作方式也相同如 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE，如如下圖片：

如果是簡短的文字，`LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` 套用詞組換行，讓文字更清晰易讀。這與套用 `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE`。

對於較長的文字，LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO 會使用 no 斷行文字樣式，功能與 LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE，如如下圖片：

對於長行文字，`LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` 套用不換行的文字樣式，讓文字更清晰易讀。這與套用 `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE`。

額外的日文平假字字型

在 Android 15 中，這是日文平假名 (也稱為 Hentaigana) 的字型檔案系統預設會整合在一起由於平假名字元的形狀獨特，因此可為圖像或設計增添獨特風格，同時也能確保古代日本文件的正確傳遞和理解。

Vulkan 和 Vulkan 標誌是 Khronos Group Inc.的註冊商標。

OpenGL 是註冊商標，OpenGL ES 標誌是 Khronos 許可使用的 Hewlett Packard Enterprise 商標。

功能與 API 總覽

相機和媒體

低光源增強

應用程式內攝影機控制項

HDR 頭尾空間控制

音量控制

虛擬 MIDI 2.0 裝置

更有效率的 AV1 軟體解碼

開發人員工作效率和工具

OpenJDK 17 更新

PDF 改善功能

自動切換語言的細微調整

改善 OpenType Variable Font API

Kotlin

Java

Kotlin

Java

精細的換行控制

應用程式封存

圖形

改良 Android 的 GPU 存取權

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

Recommended next steps

改善 Canvas

效能和電池

ApplicationStartInfo API

詳細的應用程式大小資訊

應用程式管理的剖析

SQLite 資料庫改善項目

Android 動態效能架構更新

隱私權

螢幕錄影偵測

擴充的 IntentFilter 功能

私人空間

查詢使用者最近一次選取的「指定相片存取權」

Kotlin

Java

Android 版 Privacy Sandbox

Health Connect

分享應用程式畫面

使用者體驗和系統使用者介面

使用 Generated Previews API 提供更豐富的小工具預覽畫面

Push API

When to call setWidgetPreview

子母畫面

改善「零打擾」規則

為通知管道設定 VibrationEffect

媒體投影狀態列方塊和自動停止

大螢幕和板型規格

改善大螢幕多工處理功能

支援封面螢幕

連線能力

衛星支援

更順暢的 NFC 體驗

錢包角色

安全性

將 Credential Manager 與自動填入功能整合

整合單鍵註冊和登入功能，並顯示生物辨識提示

端對端加密的金鑰管理

內容 URI 的權限檢查

無障礙設定

改善點字

國際化

CJK 變數字型

字元間對齊

自動換行符號設定

額外的日文平假字字型

When to call `setWidgetPreview`