Cambiamenti del comportamento: app destinate ad Android 15 o versioni successive

Come le release precedenti, Android 15 include modifiche al comportamento che potrebbero influire sulla tua app. Le seguenti modifiche al comportamento si applicano esclusivamente alle app che hanno come target Android 15 o versioni successive. Se la tua app ha come target Android 15 o versioni successive, devi modificarla per supportare correttamente questi comportamenti, ove applicabile.

Assicurati di esaminare anche l'elenco delle modifiche al comportamento che interessano tutte le app in esecuzione su Android 15, indipendentemente dall'targetSdkVersion della tua app.

Funzionalità di base

Android 15 modifica o espande varie funzionalità di base del sistema Android.

Modifiche ai servizi in primo piano

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

• Data sync foreground service timeout behavior
• New media processing foreground service type
• Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services
• Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 introduce un nuovo tipo di servizio in primo piano, mediaProcessing. Questo tipo di servizio è appropriato per operazioni come la transcodifica di file multimediali. Ad esempio, un'app multimediale potrebbe scaricare un file audio e doverlo convertire in un formato diverso prima di riprodurlo. Puoi utilizzare un servizio in primo piano mediaProcessing per assicurarti che la conversione continui anche quando l'app è in background.

Il sistema consente l'esecuzione dei servizi mediaProcessing di un'app per un totale di 6 ore in un periodo di 24 ore, dopodiché chiama il metodo Service.onTimeout(int, int) del servizio in esecuzione (introdotto in Android 15). Al momento, il servizio ha alcuni secondi di tempo per chiamare Service.stopSelf(). Se il servizio non chiama Service.stopSelf(), il sistema genera un'eccezione interna. L'eccezione viene registrata in Logcat con il seguente messaggio:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

Per evitare l'eccezione, puoi procedere in uno dei seguenti modi:

1. Fai in modo che il tuo servizio implementi il nuovo metodo Service.onTimeout(int, int). Quando la tua app viene richiamata, assicurati di chiamare il numero stopSelf() entro pochi secondi. Se non interrompi immediatamente l'app, il sistema genera un errore.
2. Assicurati che i servizi mediaProcessing della tua app non vengano eseguiti per più di 6 ore in un periodo di 24 ore (a meno che l'utente non interagisca con l'app, reimpostando il timer).
3. Avvia mediaProcessing servizi in primo piano solo a seguito dell'interazione diretta degli utenti. Poiché la tua app è in primo piano all'avvio del servizio, il tuo servizio ha a disposizione tutte le sei ore dopo il passaggio dell'app in background.
4. Anziché utilizzare un servizio in primo piano mediaProcessing, utilizza un'API alternativa, come WorkManager.

Se i servizi in primo piano mediaProcessing della tua app sono stati in esecuzione per 6 ore nelle ultime 24, non puoi avviare un altro servizio in primo piano mediaProcessing a meno che l'utente non abbia portato la tua app in primo piano (il che reimposta il timer). Se provi ad avviare un altro servizio in primo piano mediaProcessing, il sistema genera un messaggio di errore ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException come "Tempo limite già esaurito per il servizio in primo piano tipo mediaProcessing".

Per ulteriori informazioni sul tipo di servizio mediaProcessing, consulta Modifiche ai tipi di servizio in primo piano per Android 15: elaborazione multimediale.

Test

Per testare il comportamento dell'app, puoi attivare i timeout di elaborazione dei contenuti multimediali anche se la tua app non ha come target Android 15 (a condizione che l'app sia in esecuzione su un dispositivo Android 15). Per abilitare i timeout, esegui il seguente comando adb:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

Puoi anche modificare il periodo di timeout per testare più facilmente il comportamento della tua app quando viene raggiunto il limite. Per impostare un nuovo periodo di timeout, esegui il seguente comando adb:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

There are new restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services. BOOT_COMPLETED receivers are not allowed to launch the following types of foreground services:

• dataSync
• camera
• mediaPlayback
• phoneCall
• mediaProjection
• microphone (this restriction has been in place for microphone since Android 14)

If a BOOT_COMPLETED receiver tries to launch any of those types of foreground services, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). Run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

To send a BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast without restarting the device, run the following adb command:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Previously, if an app held the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission, it could launch a foreground service even if the app was currently in the background (as discussed in exemptions from background start restrictions).

If an app targets Android 15, this exemption is now narrower. The app now needs to have the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and also have a visible overlay window. That is, the app needs to first launch a TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY window and the window needs to be visible before you start a foreground service.

If your app attempts to start a foreground service from the background without meeting these new requirements (and it does not have some other exemption), the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If your app declares the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and launches foreground services from the background, it may be affected by this change. If your app gets a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException, check your app's order of operations and make sure your app already has an active overlay window before it attempts to start a foreground service from the background. You can check if your overlay window is currently visible by calling View.getWindowVisibility(), or you can override View.onWindowVisibilityChanged() to get notified whenever the visibility changes.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable these new restrictions on starting foreground services from the background, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

Modifiche all'orario in cui le app possono modificare lo stato globale della modalità Non disturbare

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) and higher can no longer change the global state or policy of Do Not Disturb (DND) on a device (either by modifying user settings, or turning off DND mode). Instead, apps must contribute an AutomaticZenRule, which the system combines into a global policy with the existing most-restrictive-policy-wins scheme. Calls to existing APIs that previously affected global state (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy) result in the creation or update of an implicit AutomaticZenRule, which is toggled on and off depending on the call-cycle of those API calls.

Note that this change only affects observable behavior if the app is calling setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) and expects that call to deactivate an AutomaticZenRule that was previously activated by their owners.

Modifiche all'API OpenJDK

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

Some of these changes can affect app compatibility for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35):

• Changes to string formatting APIs: Validation of argument index, flags, width, and precision are now more strict when using the following String.format() and Formatter.format() APIs:

  • String.format(String, Object[])
  • String.format(Locale, String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(Locale, String, Object[])

  For example, the following exception is thrown when an argument index of 0 is used (%0 in the format string):

  IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0
  

  In this case, the issue can be fixed by using an argument index of 1 (%1 in the format string).

• Changes to component type of Arrays.asList(...).toArray(): When using Arrays.asList(...).toArray(), the component type of the resulting array is now an Object—not the type of the underlying array's elements. So the following code throws a ClassCastException:

  String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();
  

  For this case, to preserve String as the component type in the resulting array, you could use Collection.toArray(Object[]) instead:

  String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);
  

• Changes to language code handling: When using the Locale API, language codes for Hebrew, Yiddish, and Indonesian are no longer converted to their obsolete forms (Hebrew: iw, Yiddish: ji, and Indonesian: in). When specifying the language code for one of these locales, use the codes from ISO 639-1 instead (Hebrew: he, Yiddish: yi, and Indonesian: id).

• Changes to random int sequences: Following the changes made in https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574, the following Random.ints() methods now return a different sequence of numbers than the Random.nextInt() methods do:

  • Random.ints(long)
  • Random.ints(long, int, int)
  • Random.ints(int, int)
  • Random.ints()

  Generally, this change shouldn't result in app-breaking behavior, but your code shouldn't expect the sequence generated from Random.ints() methods to match Random.nextInt().

The new SequencedCollection API can affect your app's compatibility after you update compileSdk in your app's build configuration to use Android 15 (API level 35):

• Collision with MutableList.removeFirst() and MutableList.removeLast() extension functions in kotlin-stdlib

  The List type in Java is mapped to the MutableList type in Kotlin. Because the List.removeFirst() and List.removeLast() APIs have been introduced in Android 15 (API level 35), the Kotlin compiler resolves function calls, for example list.removeFirst(), statically to the new List APIs instead of to the extension functions in kotlin-stdlib.

  If an app is re-compiled with compileSdk set to 35 and minSdk set to 34 or lower, and then the app is run on Android 14 and lower, a runtime error is thrown:

  java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
  removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;
  

  The existing NewApi lint option in Android Gradle Plugin can catch these new API usages.

  ./gradlew lint
  
  MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
        list.removeFirst()
  

  To fix the runtime exception and lint errors, the removeFirst() and removeLast() function calls can be replaced with removeAt(0) and removeAt(list.lastIndex) respectively in Kotlin. If you're using Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 or higher, it also provides a quick fix option for these errors.

  Consider removing @SuppressLint("NewApi") and lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' } if the lint option has been disabled.

• Collision with other methods in Java

  New methods have been added into the existing types, for example, List and Deque. These new methods might not be compatible with the methods with the same name and argument types in other interfaces and classes. In the case of a method signature collision with incompatibility, the javac compiler outputs a build-time error. For example:

  Example error 1:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
    public void removeLast() {
                ^
    return type void is not compatible with Object
    where E is a type-variable:
      E extends Object declared in interface List
  

  Example error 2:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
  public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
    both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
  1 error
  

  Example error 3:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
  public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
    class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
    where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
      E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
      E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
  1 error
  

  To fix these build errors, the class implementing these interfaces should override the method with a compatible return type. For example:

  @Override
  public Object getFirst() {
      return List.super.getFirst();
  }
  

Sicurezza

Android 15 include modifiche che promuovono la sicurezza del sistema per proteggere app e utenti da app dannose.

Versioni TLS con restrizioni

Android 15 restricts the usage of TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1. These versions had previously been deprecated in Android, but are now disallowed for apps targeting Android 15.

Avvii di attività in background protetti

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Other changes

In addition to the restriction for UID matching, these other changes are also included:

• Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
• Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
• Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
• Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
• Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

Intenzioni più sicure

Android 15 introduces new optional security measures to make intents safer and more robust. These changes are aimed at preventing potential vulnerabilities and misuse of intents that can be exploited by malicious apps. There are two main improvements to the security of intents in Android 15:

• Match target intent-filters: Intents that target specific components must accurately match the target's intent-filter specifications. If you send an intent to launch another app's activity, the target intent component needs to align with the receiving activity's declared intent-filters.
• Intents must have actions: Intents without an action will no longer match any intent-filters. This means that intents used to start activities or services must have a clearly defined action.

In order to check how your app responds to these changes, use StrictMode in your app. To see detailed logs about Intent usage violations, add the following method:

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

Esperienza utente e UI di sistema

Android 15 include alcune modifiche volte a creare un'esperienza utente più coerente e intuitiva.

Modifiche all'inserto della finestra

In Android 15 sono presenti due modifiche relative agli inserti delle finestre: la visualizzazione edge-to-edge è applicata per impostazione predefinita e sono presenti anche modifiche alla configurazione, ad esempio la configurazione predefinita delle barre di sistema.

Edge-to-edge enforcement

Apps are edge-to-edge by default on devices running Android 15 if the app is targeting Android 15 (API level 35).

This is a breaking change that might negatively impact your app's UI. The changes affect the following UI areas:

• Gesture handle navigation bar
  • Transparent by default.
  • Bottom offset is disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
  • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are deprecated and don't affect gesture navigation.
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced continue to have no effect on gesture navigation.
• 3-button navigation
  • Opacity set to 80% by default, with color possibly matching the window background.
  • Bottom offset disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
  • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are set to match the window background by default. The window background must be a color drawable for this default to apply. This API is deprecated but continues to affect 3-button navigation.
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced is true by default, which adds an 80% opaque background across 3-button navigation.
• Status bar
  • Transparent by default.
  • The top offset is disabled so content draws behind the status bar unless insets are applied.
  • setStatusBarColor and R.attr#statusBarColor are deprecated and have no effect on Android 15.
  • setStatusBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced are deprecated but still have an effect on Android 15.
• Display cutout
  • layoutInDisplayCutoutMode of non-floating windows must be LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. SHORT_EDGES, NEVER, and DEFAULT are interpreted as ALWAYS so that users don't see a black bar caused by the display cutout and appear edge-to-edge.

The following example shows an app before and after targeting Android 15 (API level 35), and before and after applying insets. This example is not comprehensive, this might appear differently on Android Auto.

What to check if your app is already edge-to-edge

If your app is already edge-to-edge and applies insets, you are mostly unimpacted, except in the following scenarios. However, even if you think you aren't impacted, we recommend you test your app.

• You have a non-floating window, such as an Activity that uses SHORT_EDGES, NEVER or DEFAULT instead of LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. If your app crashes on launch, this might be due to your splashscreen. You can either upgrade the core splashscreen dependency to 1.2.0-alpha01 or later or set window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always.
• There might be lower-traffic screens with occluded UI. Verify these less-visited screens don't have occluded UI. Lower-traffic screens include:
  • Onboarding or sign-in screens
  • Settings pages

What to check if your app is not already edge-to-edge

If your app is not already edge-to-edge, you are most likely impacted. In addition to the scenarios for apps that are already edge-to-edge, you should consider the following:

• If your app uses Material 3 Components ( androidx.compose.material3) in compose, such as TopAppBar, BottomAppBar, and NavigationBar, these components are likely not impacted because they automatically handle insets.
• If your app is using Material 2 Components ( androidx.compose.material) in Compose, these components don't automatically handle insets. However, you can get access to the insets and apply them manually. In androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 and later, use the windowInsets parameter to apply the insets manually for BottomAppBar, TopAppBar, BottomNavigation, and NavigationRail. Likewise, use the contentWindowInsets parameter for Scaffold.
• If your app uses views and Material Components (com.google.android.material), most views-based Material Components such as BottomNavigationView, BottomAppBar, NavigationRailView, or NavigationView, handle insets and require no additional work. However, you need to add android:fitsSystemWindows="true" if using AppBarLayout.
• For custom composables, apply the insets manually as padding. If your content is within a Scaffold, you can consume insets using the Scaffold padding values. Otherwise, apply padding using one of the WindowInsets.
• If your app is using views and BottomSheet, SideSheet or custom containers, apply padding using ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener. For RecyclerView, apply padding using this listener and also add clipToPadding="false".

What to check if your app must offer custom background protection

If your app must offer custom background protection to 3-button navigation or the status bar, your app should place a composable or view behind the system bar using WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() to get the 3-button navigation bar height or WindowInsets.Type#statusBars.

Additional edge-to-edge resources

See the Edge to Edge Views and Edge to Edge Compose guides for additional considerations on applying insets.

Deprecated APIs

The following APIs are deprecated but not disabled:

• R.attr#enforceStatusBarContrast
• R.attr#navigationBarColor (for 3 button navigation, with 80% alpha)
• Window#isStatusBarContrastEnforced
• Window#setNavigationBarColor (for 3 button navigation, with 80% alpha)
• Window#setStatusBarContrastEnforced

The following APIs are deprecated and disabled:

• R.attr#navigationBarColor (for gesture navigation)
• R.attr#navigationBarDividerColor
• R.attr#statusBarColor
• Window#setDecorFitsSystemWindows
• Window#getNavigationBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#getStatusBarColor
• Window#setNavigationBarColor (for gesture navigation)
• Window#setNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#setStatusBarColor

Stable configuration

If your app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher, Configuration no longer excludes the system bars. If you use the screen size in the Configuration class for layout calculation, you should replace it with better alternatives like an appropriate ViewGroup, WindowInsets, or WindowMetricsCalculator depending on your need.

Configuration has been available since API 1. It is typically obtained from Activity.onConfigurationChanged. It provides information like window density, orientation, and sizes. One important characteristic about the window sizes returned from Configuration is that it previously excluded the system bars.

The configuration size is typically used for resource selection, such as /res/layout-h500dp, and this is still a valid use case. However, using it for layout calculation has always been discouraged. If you do so, you should move away from it now. You should replace the use of Configuration with something more suitable depending on your use case.

If you use it to calculate the layout, use an appropriate ViewGroup, such as CoordinatorLayout or ConstraintLayout. If you use it to determine the height of the system navbar, use WindowInsets. If you want to know the current size of your app window, use computeCurrentWindowMetrics.

The following list describes the fields affected by this change:

• Configuration.screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp sizes no longer exclude the system bars.
• Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDp is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp.
• Configuration.orientation is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp on close-to-square devices.
• Display.getSize(Point) is indirectly affected by the changes in Configuration. This was deprecated beginning in API level 30.
• Display.getMetrics() has already worked like this since API level 33.

L'attributo elegantTextHeight è impostato su true per impostazione predefinita.

Per le app destinate ad Android 15 (livello API 35), l'attributo elegantTextHeight TextView diventa true per impostazione predefinita, sostituendo il carattere compatto utilizzato per impostazione predefinita con alcuni script con metriche verticali grandi con uno molto più leggibile. Il carattere compatto è stato introdotto per evitare interruzioni dei layout. Android 13 (livello API 33) impedisce molte di queste interruzioni consentendo al layout del testo di estendere l'altezza verticale utilizzando l'attributo fallbackLineSpacing.

In Android 15, il carattere compatto rimane nel sistema, quindi la tua app può impostare elegantTextHeight su false per ottenere lo stesso comportamento di prima, ma è improbabile che sia supportato nelle release future. Pertanto, se la tua app supporta i seguenti script: arabo, lao, birmano, tamil, gujarati, kannada, malayalam, oriya, telugu o thailandese, testa la tua app impostando elegantTextHeight su true.

Comportamento di

La larghezza di TextView cambia per le forme delle lettere complesse

Nelle versioni precedenti di Android, alcuni caratteri corsivi o lingue con forme complesse potrebbero disegnare le lettere nell'area del carattere precedente o successivo. In alcuni casi, queste lettere sono state tagliate all'inizio o alla fine. A partire da Android 15, un TextView assegna una larghezza sufficiente per disegnare queste lettere e consente alle app di richiedere spaziature aggiuntive a sinistra per evitare il ritaglio.

Poiché questa modifica influisce sulla modalità di determinazione della larghezza da parte di TextView, per impostazione predefinita TextView allocate più larghezza se l'app ha come target Android 15 (livello API 35) o versioni successive. Puoi attivare o disattivare questo comportamento chiamando l'API setUseBoundsForWidth su TextView.

Poiché l'aggiunta di spaziatura interna a sinistra potrebbe causare un disallineamento dei layout esistenti, la spaziatura interna non viene aggiunta per impostazione predefinita anche per le app che hanno come target Android 15 o versioni successive. Tuttavia, puoi aggiungere un ulteriore spazio per evitare il ritaglio chiamando setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang.

Gli esempi riportati di seguito mostrano come queste modifiche possono migliorare il layout del testo per alcuni caratteri e lingue.

Layout standard per il testo inglese con carattere corsivo. Alcune lettere sono tagliate. Ecco il codice XML corrispondente:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />

Layout per lo stesso testo in inglese con larghezza e spaziatura interna aggiuntive. Ecco il codice XML corrispondente:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

Layout standard per il testo thailandese. Alcune lettere sono tagliate. Ecco il codice XML corrispondente:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />

Layout per lo stesso testo thailandese con larghezza e spaziatura aggiuntivi. Ecco il codice XML corrispondente:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

Altezza della riga predefinita sensibile alle impostazioni internazionali per EditText

Nelle versioni precedenti di Android, il layout del testo allungava l'altezza del testo per raggiungere l'altezza della riga del carattere corrispondente alle impostazioni internazionali correnti. Ad esempio, se i contenuti erano in giapponese, l'altezza del testo è aumentata leggermente perché l'altezza della riga del carattere giapponese è leggermente superiore a quella di un carattere latino. Tuttavia, nonostante queste differenze nelle altezze delle righe, le dimensioni dell'elemento EditText erano uniformi, indipendentemente dall'impostazione internazionale utilizzata, come illustrato nell'immagine seguente:

Per le app che hanno come target Android 15 (livello API 35), ora è stata riservata un'altezza minima della riga per EditText in modo che corrisponda al carattere di riferimento per le impostazioni internazionali specificate, come mostrato nell'immagine seguente:

Se necessario, l'app può ripristinare il comportamento precedente specificando l'attributo useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum su false e può impostare metriche verticali minime personalizzate utilizzando l'API setMinimumFontMetrics in Kotlin e Java.

Fotocamera e contenuti multimediali

Android 15 apporta le seguenti modifiche al comportamento della fotocamera e dei contenuti multimediali per le app che hanno come target Android 15 o versioni successive.

Limitazioni relative alla richiesta di messa a fuoco dell'audio

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) must be the top app or running a foreground service in order to request audio focus. If an app attempts to request focus when it does not meet one of these requirements, the call returns AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

You can learn more about audio focus at Manage audio focus.

Limitazioni non SDK aggiornate

Android 15 include elenchi aggiornati di interfacce non SDK con limitazioni in base alla collaborazione con gli sviluppatori Android e ai test interni più recenti. Ove possibile, ci assicuriamo che siano disponibili alternative pubbliche prima di limitare le interfacce non SDK.

Se la tua app non ha come target Android 15, alcune di queste modifiche potrebbero non interessarti immediatamente. Tuttavia, anche se è possibile che la tua app acceda ad alcune interfacce non SDK a seconda del livello API target dell'app, l'utilizzo di qualsiasi metodo o campo non SDK comporta sempre un rischio elevato di interruzione dell'app.

Se non sai con certezza se la tua app utilizza interfacce non SDK, puoi testarla per scoprirlo. Se la tua app si basa su interfacce non SDK, devi iniziare a pianificare una migrazione ad alternative SDK. Tuttavia, ci rendiamo conto che alcune app hanno casi d'uso validi per l'utilizzo di interfacce non SDK. Se non riesci a trovare un'alternativa all'utilizzo di un'interfaccia non SDK per una funzionalità della tua app, devi richiedere una nuova API pubblica.

To learn more about the changes in this release of Android, see Updates to non-SDK interface restrictions in Android 15. To learn more about non-SDK interfaces generally, see Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces.