功能和 API 概览

Android 15 面向开发者引入了一些出色的功能和 API。以下各部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需查看新增、修改和移除的 API 的详细列表，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解添加的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档。对于 Android 15，请查找在 API 级别 35 中添加的 API。如需了解平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用，请务必查看会影响以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用和所有应用的 Android 15 行为变更。

摄像头和媒体

Android 15 包含各种功能，可改善相机和媒体体验，并让您能够使用工具和硬件来帮助创作者在 Android 上实现自己的创意。

如需详细了解 Android 媒体和相机的最新功能和开发者解决方案，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的打造现代 Android 媒体和相机体验讲座。

弱光增强

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, an auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables camera capabilities, such as:

Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

应用内相机控件

Android 15 adds an extension for more control over the camera hardware and its algorithms on supported devices:

Advanced flash strength adjustments enabling precise control of flash intensity in both SINGLE and TORCH modes while capturing images.

HDR 余量控制

Android 15 会选择适合底层设备功能和面板位深的 HDR 余量。对于包含大量 SDR 内容的网页（例如显示单个 HDR 缩略图的消息应用），此行为最终可能会对 SDR 内容的感知亮度产生不利影响。在 Android 15 中，您可以使用 setDesiredHdrHeadroom 控制 HDR 余量，以便在 SDR 内容和 HDR 内容之间取得平衡。

左侧屏幕上的 SDR 界面元素的亮度似乎比右侧屏幕上的亮度更均匀，这模拟了混合 HDR 和 SDR 内容时可能出现的余量问题。通过调整 HDR 余量，您可以在 SDR 和 HDR 内容之间实现更好的平衡。

响度控制

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

Android 13 添加了对使用 USB 连接 MIDI 2.0 设备的支持，这些设备使用通用 MIDI 数据包 (UMP) 进行通信。Android 15 将 UMP 支持扩展到了虚拟 MIDI 应用，使作曲应用能够像使用 USB MIDI 2.0 设备一样，将虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备用作控制合成器应用的设备。

更高效的 AV1 软件解码

dav1d 徽标

dav1d 是 VideoLAN 推出的热门 AV1 软件解码器，适用于不支持硬件 AV1 解码的 Android 设备。与旧版 AV1 软件解码器相比，dav1d 的性能最高可提升 3 倍，让更多用户（包括一些低端和中端设备）能够播放高清 AV1 视频。

您的应用需要选择启用 dav1d，方法是通过名称 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 调用它。在后续更新中，dav1d 将成为默认的 AV1 软件解码器。此支持已标准化，并向后移植到收到 Google Play 系统更新的 Android 11 设备。

开发者工作效率和工具

虽然我们的大部分工作都是围绕 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 库等工具来提高您的工作效率，但我们始终在寻找平台中的方法，以帮助您更轻松地实现自己的愿景。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 将继续更新 Android 的核心库，以与最新 OpenJDK LTS 版本中的功能保持一致。

其中包含以下主要功能和改进：

改进了 NIO 缓冲区的使用体验
数据流
其他 math 和 strictmath 方法
util 软件包更新，包括顺序的 collection、map 和 set
Deflater 中的 ByteBuffer 支持
安全更新，例如 X500PrivateCredential 和安全密钥更新

这些 API 会通过 Google Play 系统更新在搭载 Android 12（API 级别 31）及更高版本的 10 亿多部设备上更新，以便您以最新的编程功能为目标平台。

PDF 改进

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use. The Jetpack PDF library uses these APIs to simplify adding PDF viewing capabilities to your app.

The latest updates to PDF rendering include features such as searching an embedded PDF file.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

自动切换语言功能的改进

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

改进的 OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 提高了 OpenType 可变字体的易用性。您可以创建来自可变字体的 FontFamily 实例，而不指定粗细轴使用 buildVariableFamily API。文本渲染程序会替换 wght 轴的值，以匹配显示的文本。

使用该 API 可以大大简化创建 Typeface 的代码：

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

以前，如需创建相同的 Typeface，您需要更多代码：

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

以下示例展示了同时使用旧版和新版 API 创建的 Typeface 的呈现方式：

使用新旧 API 渲染字体时出现差异的示例

在此示例中，使用旧 API 创建的 Typeface 不包含为 350、450、550 和 650 创建准确的字体粗细 Font 实例，因此渲染程序会回退到最接近的权重。在在此示例中，系统会渲染 300 而不是 350，渲染 400 而不是 450，依此类推。相比之下，使用新 API 创建的 Typeface 会为给定重量动态创建 Font 实例，因此系统也会为 350、450、550 和 650 呈现准确的重量。

精细的换行控制

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

应用归档

Android 和 Google Play 宣布支持最后的应用归档功能年，这让用户可以通过移除部分内容来释放空间通过 Android 应用发布的设备中不常用的应用前往 Google Play 下载套装。Android 15 在操作系统级别支持应用归档和解压缩，让所有应用商店都能更轻松地实现归档和解压缩。

具有 REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES 权限的应用可以调用 PackageInstaller requestArchive 方法请求归档已安装的应用软件包，这会移除 APK 和所有缓存的文件，但会保留用户数据已归档的应用会通过 LauncherApps API 作为可显示的应用返回；用户会看到一个界面处理，以突出显示这些应用已归档。如果用户点按已归档的应用，负责安装的应用会收到解除归档请求，并且可以通过 ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED 广播监控恢复过程。

使用开发者选项在设备上启用 16 KB 模式

切换以 16KB 页面大小启动设备开发者选项，以在 16 KB 模式下启动设备。

在 Android 15 的 QPR 版本中，您可以使用某些设备上提供的开发者选项，以 16 KB 模式启动设备并执行设备端测试。在使用开发者选项之前，请依次前往设置 > 系统 > 软件更新，并应用所有可用的更新。

此开发者选项适用于以下设备：

Pixel 8 和 Pixel 8 Pro（搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本）
Pixel 8a（搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本）
Pixel 9、9 Pro 和 9 Pro XL（搭载 Android 15 QPR2 或更高版本）
Pixel 9a（搭载 Android 16 或更高版本）

图形

Android 15 带来了最新的图形改进，包括 ANGLE 和对 Canvas 图形系统的添加。

实现 Android GPU 访问的现代化

Vulkan 徽标

与早期相比，Android 硬件已经有了很大的进步。早期，核心操作系统在单个 CPU 上运行，并且使用基于固定功能流水线的 API 访问 GPU。从 Android 7.0（API 级别 24）开始，NDK 中就提供了 Vulkan® 图形 API，其较低级别的抽象更好地反映了现代 GPU 硬件，可更好地扩缩以支持多个 CPU 核心，并可降低 CPU 驱动程序开销，从而提升应用性能。所有现代游戏引擎都支持 Vulkan。

Vulkan 是 Android 与 GPU 的首选接口。因此，Android 15 包含 ANGLE 作为可选层，用于在 Vulkan 基础上运行 OpenGL® ES。改用 ANGLE 将标准化 Android OpenGL 实现，提高兼容性，在某些情况下还有助于提升性能。在 Android 15 中，您可以依次前往设置 -> 系统 -> 开发者选项 -> 实验性功能：启用 ANGLE，启用开发者选项，以便通过 ANGLE 测试 OpenGL ES 应用的稳定性和性能。

Android ANGLE on Vulkan 路线图

为了简化 GPU 堆栈，我们今后将在更多新设备上将 ANGLE 作为 GL 系统驱动程序提供，未来 OpenGL/ES 将只能通过 ANGLE 获得支持。尽管如此，我们计划继续在所有设备上支持 OpenGL ES。

建议的后续措施

使用开发者选项为 OpenGL ES 选择 ANGLE 驱动程序，然后测试您的应用。对于新项目，我们强烈建议您为 C/C++ 使用 Vulkan。

Canvas 方面的改进

Android 15 继续对 Android 的 Canvas 图形系统进行现代化改造，并新增了以下功能：

Matrix44 提供一个 4x4 矩阵来转换坐标，当您想在 3D 中操控画布时，应使用此矩阵。
clipShader 会将当前剪裁区域与指定的着色器相交，而 clipOutShader 会将剪裁区域设为当前剪裁区域与着色器的差值，每个操作都会将着色器视为一个 Alpha 遮罩。这支持高效地绘制复杂形状。

性能和电池

Android 将继续专注于帮助您提升应用的性能和质量。Android 15 引入了多项 API，可帮助您更高效地执行应用中的任务、优化应用性能，并收集有关应用的分析洞见。

如需了解省电的最佳实践、调试网络和电源使用情况，以及我们如何在 Android 15 和最新版 Android 中提高后台工作的电池效率，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的提高 Android 上后台工作的电池效率讲座。

ApplicationStartInfo API

在以前的 Android 版本中，应用启动一直是个谜。在应用中确定应用是从冷启动、温启动还是热启动状态启动很困难。您还很难了解应用在各种启动阶段（分叉进程、调用 onCreate、绘制第一个帧等）所花的时间。在 Application 类被实例化时，您无法知道应用是通过广播、content provider、作业、备份、启动完成、闹钟还是 Activity 启动的。

Android 15 上的 ApplicationStartInfo API 提供了所有这些功能，以及更多功能。您甚至可以选择在流程中添加自己的时间戳，以便在一个位置收集时间数据。除了收集指标之外，您还可以使用 ApplicationStartInfo 直接优化应用启动；例如，您可以消除在应用因广播而启动时在 Application 类中实例化与界面相关的库所带来的高昂开销。

详细的应用大小信息

Since Android 8.0 (API level 26), Android has included the StorageStats.getAppBytes API that summarizes the installed size of an app as a single number of bytes, which is a sum of the APK size, the size of files extracted from the APK, and files that were generated on the device such as ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled code. This number is not very insightful in terms of how your app is using storage.

Android 15 adds the StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API, which lets you get insight into how your app is using up all that space, including APK file splits, AOT and speedup related code, dex metadata, libraries, and guided profiles.

由应用管理的性能分析

Android 15 includes the ProfilingManager class, which lets you collect profiling information from within your app such as heap dumps, heap profiles, stack sampling, and more. It provides a callback to your app with a supplied tag to identify the output file, which is delivered to your app's files directory. The API does rate limiting to minimize the performance impact.

To simplify constructing profiling requests in your app, we recommend using the corresponding Profiling AndroidX API, available in Core 1.15.0-rc01 or higher.

SQLite 数据库方面的改进

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 动态性能框架更新

Android 15 继续投资于 Android 动态性能框架 (ADPF)，这是一组 API，可让游戏和性能密集型应用更为直接地与 Android 设备的电源和散热系统进行互动。在受支持的设备上，Android 15 添加了 ADPF 功能：

针对提示会话的节能模式，用于指明其关联的线程应优先节能而非性能，非常适合长时间运行的后台工作负载。
系统可以在提示会话中报告 GPU 和 CPU 工作时长，以便同时调整 CPU 和 GPU 频率，以最佳方式满足工作负载需求。
热余量阈值，用于根据余量预测来解读可能的热节流状态。

如需详细了解如何在应用和游戏中使用 ADPF，请参阅相关文档。

隐私权

Android 15 包含多种有助于应用开发者保护用户隐私的功能。

屏幕录制检测

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

扩展了 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:host="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私密空间

借助私密空间，用户可以在设备上创建一个单独的空间，在额外的身份验证层保护下，防止敏感应用遭到窥探。私密空间使用单独的用户个人资料。用户可以选择使用设备锁定方式或为私密空间使用单独的锁定方式。

私密空间中的应用会显示在启动器的单独容器中，并且当私密空间处于锁定状态时，这些应用不会显示在“最近用过”视图、通知、“设置”和其他应用中。用户生成的内容和下载的内容（例如媒体内容或文件）以及账号在私密空间和主空间之间是分开的。在私密空间处于解锁状态时，您可以使用系统 Sharesheet 和照片选择器向应用授予对各个空间中内容的访问权限。

用户无法将现有应用及其数据移至私密空间。相反，用户可以在私密空间中选择安装选项，以便使用他们偏好的任意应用商店安装应用。私密空间中的应用会作为主空间中任何应用的单独副本进行安装（同一应用的新副本）。

当用户锁定私密空间时，系统会停止该个人资料。在个人资料停止运行时，私密空间中的应用将不再处于活动状态，无法执行前台或后台活动，包括显示通知。

我们建议您使用私密空间测试应用，以确保应用能按预期运行，尤其是当您的应用属于以下某一类别时：

具有工作资料逻辑的应用：假定其应用的任何已安装副本（不在主资料中）均位于工作资料中。
医疗应用
启动器应用
应用商店应用

查询用户最近一次针对“选择的照片访问权限”的选择

Apps can now highlight only the most-recently-selected photos and videos when partial access to media permissions is granted. This feature can improve the user experience for apps that frequently request access to photos and videos. To use this feature in your app, enable the QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY argument when querying MediaStore through ContentResolver.

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 15 包含最新的 Android 广告服务扩展，其中包含最新版本的 Privacy Sandbox on Android。我们一直致力于开发可更好地保护用户隐私，并为移动应用打造高效的个性化广告体验的技术，此次添加新功能就是其中的一项举措。我们的 Privacy Sandbox 页面详细介绍了 Privacy Sandbox on Android 开发者预览版和 Beta 版计划，可帮助您上手使用。

健康数据共享

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for additional data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

Android 15 supports app screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the app screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is required for each MediaProjection capture session.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 15 为应用开发者和用户提供了更多控制权和灵活性，以便他们根据自己的需求配置设备。

如需详细了解如何利用 Android 15 中的最新改进来提升应用的用户体验，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的提升 Android 应用的用户体验讲座。

通过“生成的预览”API 获得更丰富的 widget 预览

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call `setWidgetPreview`

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

画中画

Android 15 introduces changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes another state.

With this UI state, apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

改进了“勿扰”规则

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

为通知渠道设置 VibrationEffect

Android 15 supports setting rich vibrations for incoming notifications by channel using NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect, so your users can distinguish between different types of notifications without having to look at their device.

媒体投影状态栏条状标签和自动停止

Media projection can expose private user information. A new, prominent status bar chip makes users aware of any ongoing screen projection. Users can tap the chip to stop screen casting, sharing, or recording. Also, for a more intuitive user experience, any in‑progress screen projection now automatically stops when the device screen is locked.

大屏设备和外形规格

Android 15 为您的应用提供支持，让它们能够充分利用 Android 的设备类型，包括大屏设备、翻盖设备和可折叠设备。

改进了大屏幕多任务处理

Android 15 为用户提供了在大屏设备上更好地进行多任务处理的方式。对于例如，用户可以保存自己喜爱的分屏应用组合，访问并固定屏幕上的任务栏，以便在应用之间快速切换。这意味着让应用具备自适应能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。

Google I/O 大会上有一些关于构建自适应 Android 的会议应用和使用 Material 3 构建界面自适应库我们的文档中提供了更多帮助信息，帮助您针对大型语言。

封面屏幕支持

您的应用可以声明一个属性，Android 15 会使用该属性来允许您的 Application 或 Activity 显示在受支持的可翻转设备的小封面屏幕上。这些屏幕太小，无法被视为适合运行 Android 应用的兼容目标平台，但您的应用可以选择支持它们，从而让您的应用在更多平台上可用。

连接

Android 15 更新了平台，让您的应用能够使用通信和无线技术方面的最新进展。

卫星支持

Android 15 继续扩大对卫星连接的平台支持，并包含一些界面元素，以确保在整个卫星连接环境中提供一致的用户体验。

应用可以使用 ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() 执行以下操作：检测设备是否连接到卫星，让他们更清楚地了解可能会导致完全网络服务不可用的原因此外，Android 15 支持短信和彩信应用以及预加载的 RCS 应用，以便使用卫星连接发送和接收消息。

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

钱包角色

Android 15 introduces a Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.

The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.

This role is also used to determine where the Wallet Quick Access tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the Quick Access tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.

安全

Android 15 可帮助您增强应用安全性、保护应用数据，并让用户更清楚地了解并更好地控制自己的数据。如需详细了解我们为改进用户保护措施和保护您的应用免遭新威胁侵扰而采取的措施，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的在 Android 上保障用户安全讲座。

将 Credential Manager 与自动填充功能集成

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

将一键注册和登录与生物识别提示集成

Credential Manager integrates biometric prompts into the credential creation and sign-in processes, eliminating the need for providers to manage biometric prompts. As a result, credential providers only need to focus on the results of the create and get flows, augmented with the biometric flow result. This simplified process creates a more efficient and streamlined credential creation and retrieval process.

端到端加密的密钥管理

We are introducing the E2eeContactKeysManager in Android 15, which facilitates end-to-end encryption (E2EE) in your Android apps by providing an OS-level API for the storage of cryptographic public keys.

The E2eeContactKeysManager is designed to integrate with the platform contacts app to give users a centralized way to manage and verify their contacts' public keys.

对内容 URI 的权限检查

Android 15 introduces a set of APIs that perform permission checks on content URIs:

Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull: This performs a full permission check on content URIs.
Activity manifest attribute requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller: This enforces specified permissions on the provided content URIs at activity launch.
ComponentCaller class for Activity callers: This represents the app that launched the activity.

无障碍

Android 15 新增了一些功能，可提升用户无障碍体验。

更好的盲文体验

在 Android 15 中，我们让 TalkBack 能够支持通过 USB 和安全蓝牙使用 HID 标准的盲文显示屏。

此标准与鼠标和键盘使用的标准非常相似，将有助于 Android 随着时间的推移支持更多类型的盲文显示屏。

国际化

Android 15 新增了多项功能，可在设备以不同语言使用时提升用户体验。

CJK 可变字体

Starting with Android 15, the font file for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages, NotoSansCJK, is now a variable font. Variable fonts open up possibilities for creative typography in CJK languages. Designers can explore a broader range of styles and create visually striking layouts that were previously difficult or impossible to achieve.

How the variable font for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages appears with different font widths.

字符间两端对齐

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE.

Layout for Japanese text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for English text using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD.

Layout for Japanese text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

Layout for English text using the JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER.

自动换行配置

Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text. In Android 15, apps can apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.

For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, as shown in the following image:

For short lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies phrase-based line breaks to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE`.

For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO uses a no line-break word style, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, as shown in the following image:

For long lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies no line-break word style to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE`.

其他日语变体假名字体

In Android 15, a font file for old Japanese Hiragana (known as Hentaigana) is bundled by default. The unique shapes of Hentaigana characters can add a distinctive flair to artwork or design while also helping to preserve accurate transmission and understanding of ancient Japanese documents.

Character and text style for the Japanese Hentaigana font.

VideoLAN cone Copyright (c) 1996-2010 VideoLAN. This logo or a modified version may be used or modified by anyone to refer to the VideoLAN project or any product developed by the VideoLAN team, but does not indicate endorsement by the project.

Vulkan and the Vulkan logo are registered trademarks of the Khronos Group Inc.

OpenGL is a registered trademark and the OpenGL ES logo is a trademark of Hewlett Packard Enterprise used by permission by Khronos.

功能和 API 概览 使用集合让一切井井有条 根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。

摄像头和媒体

弱光增强

应用内相机控件

HDR 余量控制

响度控制

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

更高效的 AV1 软件解码

开发者工作效率和工具

OpenJDK 17 更新

PDF 改进

自动切换语言功能的改进

改进的 OpenType Variable Font API

Kotlin

Java

Kotlin

Java

精细的换行控制

应用归档

使用开发者选项在设备上启用 16 KB 模式

图形

实现 Android GPU 访问的现代化

Android ANGLE on Vulkan 路线图

建议的后续措施

Canvas 方面的改进

性能和电池

ApplicationStartInfo API

详细的应用大小信息

由应用管理的性能分析

SQLite 数据库方面的改进

Android 动态性能框架更新

隐私权

屏幕录制检测

扩展了 IntentFilter 功能

私密空间

查询用户最近一次针对“选择的照片访问权限”的选择

Kotlin

Java

Privacy Sandbox on Android

健康数据共享

应用屏幕共享

用户体验和系统界面

通过“生成的预览”API 获得更丰富的 widget 预览

Push API

When to call setWidgetPreview

画中画

改进了“勿扰”规则

为通知渠道设置 VibrationEffect

媒体投影状态栏条状标签和自动停止

大屏设备和外形规格

改进了大屏幕多任务处理

封面屏幕支持

连接

卫星支持

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

钱包角色

安全

将 Credential Manager 与自动填充功能集成

将一键注册和登录与生物识别提示集成

端到端加密的密钥管理

对内容 URI 的权限检查

无障碍

更好的盲文体验

国际化

CJK 可变字体

字符间两端对齐

自动换行配置

其他日语变体假名字体

功能和 API 概览

When to call `setWidgetPreview`