Cambiamenti del comportamento: app destinate ad Android 15 o versioni successive

Come le release precedenti, Android 15 include modifiche al comportamento che potrebbero influire sulla tua app. Le seguenti modifiche al comportamento si applicano esclusivamente alle app che hanno come target Android 15 o versioni successive. Se la tua app ha come target Android 15 o versioni successive, devi modificarla per supportare correttamente questi comportamenti, ove applicabile.

Assicurati di esaminare anche l'elenco delle modifiche al comportamento che interessano tutte le app in esecuzione su Android 15, indipendentemente dall'targetSdkVersion della tua app.

Funzionalità di base

Android 15 modifica o espande varie funzionalità di base del sistema Android.

Modifiche ai servizi in primo piano

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

  1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
  2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
  3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
  4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 introduces a new foreground service type, mediaProcessing. This service type is appropriate for operations like transcoding media files. For example, a media app might download an audio file and need to convert it to a different format before playing it. You can use a mediaProcessing foreground service to make sure the conversion continues even while the app is in the background.

The system permits an app's mediaProcessing services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid having the exception, you can do one of the following:

  1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
  2. Make sure your app's mediaProcessing services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
  3. Only start mediaProcessing foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
  4. Instead of using a mediaProcessing foreground service, use an alternative API, like WorkManager.

If your app's mediaProcessing foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another mediaProcessing foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another mediaProcessing foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type mediaProcessing".

For more information about the mediaProcessing service type, see Changes to foreground service types for Android 15: Media processing.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable media processing timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

Esistono nuove limitazioni per i BOOT_COMPLETED ricevitori di trasmissione che avviano servizi in primo piano. BOOT_COMPLETED di destinatari non sono autorizzati ad avviare il i seguenti tipi di servizi in primo piano:

Se un receiver BOOT_COMPLETED tenta di avviare uno di questi tipi di servizi in primo piano, il sistema genera un'eccezione ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Test

Per verificare il comportamento della tua app, puoi attivare queste nuove limitazioni anche se le tue L'app non ha come target Android 15 (purché l'app sia installata su un Android 15) dispositivo). Esegui il seguente comando adb:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

Per inviare un annuncio BOOT_COMPLETED senza riavviare il dispositivo: esegui questo comando adb:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

In precedenza, se un'app disponeva dell'autorizzazione SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW, poteva avviare un servizio in primo piano anche se l'app era attualmente in background (come discusso nella sezione Esclusioni dalle limitazioni di avvio in background).

Se un'app ha come target Android 15, l'esenzione è ora più limitata. Ora l'app deve avere l'autorizzazione SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW e anche una finestra overlay visibile. In altre parole, l'app deve prima avviare una finestra TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY e la finestra deve essere visibile prima di avviare un servizio in primo piano.

Se la tua app tenta di avviare un servizio in primo piano in background senza soddisfare questi nuovi requisiti (e non ha altre esenzioni), il sistema restituisce ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Se la tua app dichiara l'autorizzazione SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW e avvia servizi in primo piano in background, potrebbe essere interessata da questa modifica. Se la tua app riceve un ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException, controlla l'ordine di operazioni dell'app e assicurati che abbia già una finestra in overlay attiva prima di tentare di avviare un servizio in primo piano da un servizio in background. Puoi controllare se la finestra dell'overlay è attualmente visibile chiamando View.getWindowVisibility() oppure puoi eseguire l'override di View.onWindowVisibilityChanged() per ricevere una notifica ogni volta che la visibilità cambia.

Test

Per testare il comportamento della tua app, puoi attivare queste nuove limitazioni anche se la tua app non ha come target Android 15 (a condizione che l'app sia in esecuzione su un dispositivo Android 15). Per attivare queste nuove limitazioni per l'avvio dei servizi in primo piano dall'background, esegui il seguente comando adb:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

Modifiche all'orario in cui le app possono modificare lo stato globale della modalità Non disturbare

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) and higher can no longer change the global state or policy of Do Not Disturb (DND) on a device (either by modifying user settings, or turning off DND mode). Instead, apps must contribute an AutomaticZenRule, which the system combines into a global policy with the existing most-restrictive-policy-wins scheme. Calls to existing APIs that previously affected global state (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy) result in the creation or update of an implicit AutomaticZenRule, which is toggled on and off depending on the call-cycle of those API calls.

Note that this change only affects observable behavior if the app is calling setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) and expects that call to deactivate an AutomaticZenRule that was previously activated by their owners.

Modifiche all'API OpenJDK

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

Some of these changes can affect app compatibility for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35):

  • Changes to string formatting APIs: Validation of argument index, flags, width, and precision are now more strict when using the following String.format() and Formatter.format() APIs:

    For example, the following exception is thrown when an argument index of 0 is used (%0 in the format string):

    IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0

    In this case, the issue can be fixed by using an argument index of 1 (%1 in the format string).

  • Changes to component type of Arrays.asList(...).toArray(): When using Arrays.asList(...).toArray(), the component type of the resulting array is now an Object—not the type of the underlying array's elements. So the following code throws a ClassCastException:

    String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();

    For this case, to preserve String as the component type in the resulting array, you could use Collection.toArray(Object[]) instead:

    String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);

  • Changes to language code handling: When using the Locale API, language codes for Hebrew, Yiddish, and Indonesian are no longer converted to their obsolete forms (Hebrew: iw, Yiddish: ji, and Indonesian: in). When specifying the language code for one of these locales, use the codes from ISO 639-1 instead (Hebrew: he, Yiddish: yi, and Indonesian: id).

  • Changes to random int sequences: Following the changes made in https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574, the following Random.ints() methods now return a different sequence of numbers than the Random.nextInt() methods do:

    Generally, this change shouldn't result in app-breaking behavior, but your code shouldn't expect the sequence generated from Random.ints() methods to match Random.nextInt().

The new SequencedCollection API can affect your app's compatibility after you update compileSdk in your app's build configuration to use Android 15 (API level 35):

  • Collision with MutableList.removeFirst() and MutableList.removeLast() extension functions in kotlin-stdlib

    The List type in Java is mapped to the MutableList type in Kotlin. Because the List.removeFirst() and List.removeLast() APIs have been introduced in Android 15 (API level 35), the Kotlin compiler resolves function calls, for example list.removeFirst(), statically to the new List APIs instead of to the extension functions in kotlin-stdlib.

    If an app is re-compiled with compileSdk set to 35 and minSdk set to 34 or lower, and then the app is run on Android 14 and lower, a runtime error is thrown:

    java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;

    The existing NewApi lint option in Android Gradle Plugin can catch these new API usages.

    ./gradlew lint

MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
      list.removeFirst()

    To fix the runtime exception and lint errors, the removeFirst() and removeLast() function calls can be replaced with removeAt(0) and removeAt(list.lastIndex) respectively in Kotlin. If you're using Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 or higher, it also provides a quick fix option for these errors.

    Consider removing @SuppressLint("NewApi") and lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' } if the lint option has been disabled.

  • Collision with other methods in Java

    New methods have been added into the existing types, for example, List and Deque. These new methods might not be compatible with the methods with the same name and argument types in other interfaces and classes. In the case of a method signature collision with incompatibility, the javac compiler outputs a build-time error. For example:

    Example error 1:

    javac MyList.java

MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
  public void removeLast() {
              ^
  return type void is not compatible with Object
  where E is a type-variable:
    E extends Object declared in interface List

    Example error 2:

    javac MyList.java

MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
  both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
1 error

    Example error 3:

    javac MyList.java

MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
  class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
  where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
    E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
    E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
1 error

    To fix these build errors, the class implementing these interfaces should override the method with a compatible return type. For example:

    @Override
public Object getFirst() {
    return List.super.getFirst();
}

Sicurezza

Android 15 include modifiche che promuovono la sicurezza del sistema per proteggere app e utenti da app dannose.

Versioni TLS con restrizioni

Android 15 restricts the usage of TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1. These versions had previously been deprecated in Android, but are now disallowed for apps targeting Android 15.

Avvii di attività in background protetti

Android 15 protegge gli utenti da app dannose e offre loro un maggiore controllo i propri dispositivi aggiungendo modifiche per impedire ad app dannose di mettere in primo piano altre app, aumentare i loro privilegi e abusare interazione dell'utente. I lanci di attività in background sono stati limitati dal giorno Android 10 (livello API 29).

Altre modifiche

Oltre alla limitazione per la corrispondenza dell'UID, anche queste altre modifiche vengono inclusi:

  • Modifica i creator di PendingIntent in modo che blocchino l'avvio delle attività in background per impostazione predefinita. In questo modo, le app non possono creare accidentalmente un PendingIntent che potrebbe essere utilizzato in modo improprio da utenti malintenzionati.
  • Non portare un'app in primo piano, a meno che il PendingIntent mittente non lo consenta. Questa modifica mira a impedire alle app dannose di abusare della possibilità di avviare attività in background. Per impostazione predefinita, le app non sono possono portare lo stack di attività in primo piano a meno che l'autore non lo consenta privilegi di avvio attività in background o il mittente ha attività in background privilegi di avvio.
  • Controlla in che modo l'attività principale di una serie di attività può completare la propria attività. Se attività principale completa un'attività, Android torna all'attività precedente l'ultima attività. Inoltre, se un'attività non principale completa la sua attività, Android tornerà alla schermata Home e non bloccherà il completamento di questa attività non principale.
  • Impedisci l'avvio di attività arbitrarie da altre app nella tua attività. Questa modifica impedisce alle app dannose di eseguire phishing sugli utenti creando attività che sembrano provenire da altre app.
  • Impedire che le finestre non visibili vengano prese in considerazione per i lanci di attività in background. In questo modo, è possibile impedire alle app dannose di abusare dei lanci di attività in background per mostrare agli utenti contenuti indesiderati o dannosi.

Intenzioni più sicure

Android 15 introduces new optional security measures to make intents safer and more robust. These changes are aimed at preventing potential vulnerabilities and misuse of intents that can be exploited by malicious apps. There are two main improvements to the security of intents in Android 15:

  • Match target intent-filters: Intents that target specific components must accurately match the target's intent-filter specifications. If you send an intent to launch another app's activity, the target intent component needs to align with the receiving activity's declared intent-filters.
  • Intents must have actions: Intents without an action will no longer match any intent-filters. This means that intents used to start activities or services must have a clearly defined action.

In order to check how your app responds to these changes, use StrictMode in your app. To see detailed logs about Intent usage violations, add the following method:

Kotlin

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

Java

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

Esperienza utente e UI di sistema

Android 15 include alcune modifiche volte a creare un'esperienza utente più coerente e intuitiva.

Modifiche all'inserto della finestra

There are two changes related to window insets in Android 15: edge-to-edge is enforced by default, and there are also configuration changes, such as the default configuration of system bars.

Applicazione edge-to-edge

Apps are edge-to-edge by default on devices running Android 15 if the app is targeting Android 15 (API level 35).

An app that targets Android 14 and is not edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device.


An app that targets Android 15 (API level 35) and is edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device. This app mostly uses Material 3 Compose Components that automatically apply insets. This screen is not negatively impacted by the Android 15 edge-to-edge enforcement.

This is a breaking change that might negatively impact your app's UI. The changes affect the following UI areas:

  • Gesture handle navigation bar
    • Transparent by default.
    • Bottom offset is disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
    • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are deprecated and don't affect gesture navigation.
    • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced continue to have no effect on gesture navigation.
  • 3-button navigation
    • Opacity set to 80% by default, with color possibly matching the window background.
    • Bottom offset disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
    • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are set to match the window background by default. The window background must be a color drawable for this default to apply. This API is deprecated but continues to affect 3-button navigation.
    • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced is true by default, which adds an 80% opaque background across 3-button navigation.
  • Status bar
    • Transparent by default.
    • The top offset is disabled so content draws behind the status bar unless insets are applied.
    • setStatusBarColor and R.attr#statusBarColor are deprecated and have no effect on Android 15.
    • setStatusBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced are deprecated but still have an effect on Android 15.
  • Display cutout
    • layoutInDisplayCutoutMode of non-floating windows must be LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. SHORT_EDGES, NEVER, and DEFAULT are interpreted as ALWAYS so that users don't see a black bar caused by the display cutout and appear edge-to-edge.

The following example shows an app before and after targeting Android 15 (API level 35), and before and after applying insets. This example is not comprehensive, this might appear differently on Android Auto.

An app that targets Android 14 and is not edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device.
An app that targets Android 15 (API level 35) and is edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device. However, many elements are now hidden by the status bar, 3-button navigation bar, or display cutout due to the Android 15 edge-to-edge enforcements. Hidden UI includes the Material 2 top app bar, floating action buttons, and list items.
An app that targets Android 15 (API level 35), is edge to edge on an Android 15 device and applies insets so that UI is not hidden.
What to check if your app is already edge-to-edge

If your app is already edge-to-edge and applies insets, you are mostly unimpacted, except in the following scenarios. However, even if you think you aren't impacted, we recommend you test your app.

  • You have a non-floating window, such as an Activity that uses SHORT_EDGES, NEVER or DEFAULT instead of LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. If your app crashes on launch, this might be due to your splashscreen. You can either upgrade the core splashscreen dependency to 1.2.0-alpha01 or later or set window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always.
  • There might be lower-traffic screens with occluded UI. Verify these less-visited screens don't have occluded UI. Lower-traffic screens include:
    • Onboarding or sign-in screens
    • Settings pages
What to check if your app is not already edge-to-edge

If your app is not already edge-to-edge, you are most likely impacted. In addition to the scenarios for apps that are already edge-to-edge, you should consider the following:

  • If your app uses Material 3 Components ( androidx.compose.material3) in compose, such as TopAppBar, BottomAppBar, and NavigationBar, these components are likely not impacted because they automatically handle insets.
  • If your app is using Material 2 Components ( androidx.compose.material) in Compose, these components don't automatically handle insets. However, you can get access to the insets and apply them manually. In androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 and later, use the windowInsets parameter to apply the insets manually for BottomAppBar, TopAppBar, BottomNavigation, and NavigationRail. Likewise, use the contentWindowInsets parameter for Scaffold.
  • If your app uses views and Material Components (com.google.android.material), most views-based Material Components such as BottomNavigationView, BottomAppBar, NavigationRailView, or NavigationView, handle insets and require no additional work. However, you need to add android:fitsSystemWindows="true" if using AppBarLayout.
  • For custom composables, apply the insets manually as padding. If your content is within a Scaffold, you can consume insets using the Scaffold padding values. Otherwise, apply padding using one of the WindowInsets.
  • If your app is using views and BottomSheet, SideSheet or custom containers, apply padding using ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener. For RecyclerView, apply padding using this listener and also add clipToPadding="false".
What to check if your app must offer custom background protection

If your app must offer custom background protection to 3-button navigation or the status bar, your app should place a composable or view behind the system bar using WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() to get the 3-button navigation bar height or WindowInsets.Type#statusBars.

Additional edge-to-edge resources

See the Edge to Edge Views and Edge to Edge Compose guides for additional considerations on applying insets.

Deprecated APIs

The following APIs are deprecated but not disabled:

The following APIs are deprecated and disabled:

Configurazione stabile

If your app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher, Configuration no longer excludes the system bars. If you use the screen size in the Configuration class for layout calculation, you should replace it with better alternatives like an appropriate ViewGroup, WindowInsets, or WindowMetricsCalculator depending on your need.

Configuration has been available since API 1. It is typically obtained from Activity.onConfigurationChanged. It provides information like window density, orientation, and sizes. One important characteristic about the window sizes returned from Configuration is that it previously excluded the system bars.

The configuration size is typically used for resource selection, such as /res/layout-h500dp, and this is still a valid use case. However, using it for layout calculation has always been discouraged. If you do so, you should move away from it now. You should replace the use of Configuration with something more suitable depending on your use case.

If you use it to calculate the layout, use an appropriate ViewGroup, such as CoordinatorLayout or ConstraintLayout. If you use it to determine the height of the system navbar, use WindowInsets. If you want to know the current size of your app window, use computeCurrentWindowMetrics.

The following list describes the fields affected by this change:

L'attributo elegantTextHeight è impostato su true per impostazione predefinita.

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), the elegantTextHeight TextView attribute becomes true by default, replacing the compact font used by default with some scripts that have large vertical metrics with one that is much more readable. The compact font was introduced to prevent breaking layouts; Android 13 (API level 33) prevents many of these breakages by allowing the text layout to stretch the vertical height utilizing the fallbackLineSpacing attribute.

In Android 15, the compact font still remains in the system, so your app can set elegantTextHeight to false to get the same behavior as before, but it is unlikely to be supported in upcoming releases. So, if your app supports the following scripts: Arabic, Lao, Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Telugu or Thai, test your app by setting elegantTextHeight to true.

elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) and lower.
elegantTextHeight behavior for apps targeting Android 15.

La larghezza di TextView cambia per le forme delle lettere complesse

Nelle versioni precedenti di Android, alcuni caratteri corsivi o lingue con forme complesse potrebbero disegnare le lettere nell'area del carattere precedente o successivo. In alcuni casi, queste lettere sono state tagliate all'inizio o alla fine. A partire da Android 15, un TextView assegna una larghezza sufficiente per disegnare queste lettere e consente alle app di richiedere spaziature aggiuntive a sinistra per evitare il ritaglio.

Poiché questa modifica influisce sulla modalità di determinazione della larghezza da parte di TextView, per impostazione predefinita TextView allocate più larghezza se l'app ha come target Android 15 (livello API 35) o versioni successive. Puoi attivare o disattivare questo comportamento chiamando l'API setUseBoundsForWidth su TextView.

Poiché l'aggiunta di spaziatura interna a sinistra potrebbe causare un disallineamento dei layout esistenti, la spaziatura interna non viene aggiunta per impostazione predefinita anche per le app che hanno come target Android 15 o versioni successive. Tuttavia, puoi aggiungere un ulteriore spazio per evitare il ritaglio chiamando setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang.

Gli esempi riportati di seguito mostrano come queste modifiche possono migliorare il layout del testo per alcuni caratteri e lingue.

Layout standard per il testo inglese con carattere corsivo. Alcune lettere sono tagliate. Ecco il codice XML corrispondente:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />
Layout per lo stesso testo in inglese con larghezza e spaziatura interna aggiuntive. Ecco il codice XML corrispondente:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />
Layout standard per il testo thailandese. Alcune lettere sono tagliate. Ecco il codice XML corrispondente:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />
Layout per lo stesso testo thailandese con larghezza e spaziatura aggiuntivi. Ecco il codice XML corrispondente:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

Altezza della riga predefinita sensibile alle impostazioni internazionali per EditText

Nelle versioni precedenti di Android, il layout del testo allungava l'altezza del testo per raggiungere l'altezza della riga del carattere corrispondente alle impostazioni internazionali correnti. Ad esempio, se i contenuti erano in giapponese, l'altezza del testo è aumentata leggermente perché l'altezza della riga del carattere giapponese è leggermente superiore a quella di un carattere latino. Tuttavia, nonostante queste differenze nelle altezze delle righe, le dimensioni dell'elemento EditText erano uniformi, indipendentemente dall'impostazione internazionale utilizzata, come illustrato nell'immagine seguente:

Tre caselle che rappresentano elementi EditText che possono contenere testo in inglese (en), giapponese (ja) e birmano (my). L'EditText è della stessa altezza, anche se queste lingue hanno altezze diverse.

Per le app che hanno come target Android 15 (livello API 35), ora è stata riservata un'altezza minima della riga per EditText in modo che corrisponda al carattere di riferimento per le impostazioni internazionali specificate, come mostrato nell'immagine seguente:

Tre caselle che rappresentano elementi EditText che possono contenere testo in inglese (en), giapponese (ja) e birmano (my). L'altezza del carattere EditText ora include lo spazio per l'altezza della riga predefinita per i caratteri di queste lingue.

Se necessario, l'app può ripristinare il comportamento precedente specificando l'attributo useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum su false e può impostare metriche verticali minime personalizzate utilizzando l'API setMinimumFontMetrics in Kotlin e Java.

Fotocamera e contenuti multimediali

Android 15 apporta le seguenti modifiche al comportamento della fotocamera e dei contenuti multimediali per le app che hanno come target Android 15 o versioni successive.

Limitazioni relative alla richiesta di messa a fuoco dell'audio

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) must be the top app or running a foreground service in order to request audio focus. If an app attempts to request focus when it does not meet one of these requirements, the call returns AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

You can learn more about audio focus at Manage audio focus.

Limitazioni non SDK aggiornate

Android 15 includes updated lists of restricted non-SDK interfaces based on collaboration with Android developers and the latest internal testing. Whenever possible, we make sure that public alternatives are available before we restrict non-SDK interfaces.

If your app does not target Android 15, some of these changes might not immediately affect you. However, while it's possible for your app to access some non-SDK interfaces depending on your app's target API level, using any non-SDK method or field always carries a high risk of breaking your app.

If you are unsure if your app uses non-SDK interfaces, you can test your app to find out. If your app relies on non-SDK interfaces, you should begin planning a migration to SDK alternatives. Nevertheless, we understand that some apps have valid use cases for using non-SDK interfaces. If you can't find an alternative to using a non-SDK interface for a feature in your app, you should request a new public API.

To learn more about the changes in this release of Android, see Updates to non-SDK interface restrictions in Android 15. To learn more about non-SDK interfaces generally, see Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces.