行為變更：指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式

和先前版本一樣，Android 15 也包含可能會影響應用程式的行為變更。以下行為變更僅適用於指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式。如果您的應用程式指定 Android 15 以上版本，建議您視情況修改應用程式，以便支援這些行為。

此外，無論應用程式的 targetSdkVersion 為何，請務必查看影響所有在 Android 15 上執行的應用程式行為變更清單。

核心功能

Android 15 會修改或擴充 Android 系統的各種核心功能。

前景服務異動

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

• Data sync foreground service timeout behavior
• New media processing foreground service type
• Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services
• Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 推出了新的前景服務類型 mediaProcessing。此服務類型適合用於轉碼媒體檔案等作業。舉例來說，媒體應用程式可能會下載音訊檔案，需要將其轉換成其他格式後再播放。您可以使用 mediaProcessing 前景服務，確保即使應用程式處於背景執行狀態，轉換也能繼續進行。

系統允許應用程式的 mediaProcessing 服務在 24 小時內執行總共 6 小時，之後系統會呼叫執行中的服務 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法 (在 Android 15 中推出)。此時，服務有幾秒的時間可以呼叫 Service.stopSelf()。如果服務未呼叫 Service.stopSelf()，系統會擲回內部例外狀況。例外狀況會記錄在 Logcat 中，並顯示以下訊息：

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

為避免例外狀況，您可以採取下列其中一種做法：

1. 請讓服務實作新的 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法。應用程式收到回呼時，請務必在幾秒內呼叫 stopSelf()。(如果您沒有立即停止應用程式，系統會產生失敗)。
2. 請確認應用程式的 mediaProcessing 服務在任何 24 小時內的總執行時間不超過 6 小時 (除非使用者與應用程式互動，重新設定計時器)。
3. 只有在使用者直接互動時才啟動 mediaProcessing 前景服務；由於您的應用程式在服務啟動後位於前景，因此應用程式進入背景後，您的服務剩下六小時。
4. 請改用 WorkManager 等其他 API，而非 mediaProcessing 前景服務。

如果應用程式的 mediaProcessing 前景服務在過去 24 小時內已執行 6 小時，您就無法啟動其他 mediaProcessing 前景服務，除非使用者將應用程式移至前景 (這樣會重設計時器)。如果您嘗試啟動其他 mediaProcessing 前景服務，系統會擲回 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException，並顯示「前景服務類型 mediaProcessing 的時間限制已用盡」等錯誤訊息。

如要進一步瞭解 mediaProcessing 服務類型，請參閱「Android 15 的前景服務類型變更：媒體處理」。

測試

如要測試應用程式的行為，您可以啟用媒體處理逾時，即使應用程式並未以 Android 15 為目標版本 (只要應用程式在 Android 15 裝置上執行)，也能啟用。如要啟用逾時值，請執行下列 adb 指令：

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

您也可以調整逾時期限，方便測試應用程式在達到上限時的行為。如要設定新的逾時期限，請執行下列 adb 指令：

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

There are new restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services. BOOT_COMPLETED receivers are not allowed to launch the following types of foreground services:

• dataSync
• camera
• mediaPlayback
• phoneCall
• mediaProjection
• microphone (this restriction has been in place for microphone since Android 14)

If a BOOT_COMPLETED receiver tries to launch any of those types of foreground services, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). Run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

To send a BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast without restarting the device, run the following adb command:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Previously, if an app held the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission, it could launch a foreground service even if the app was currently in the background (as discussed in exemptions from background start restrictions).

If an app targets Android 15, this exemption is now narrower. The app now needs to have the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and also have a visible overlay window. That is, the app needs to first launch a TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY window and the window needs to be visible before you start a foreground service.

If your app attempts to start a foreground service from the background without meeting these new requirements (and it does not have some other exemption), the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If your app declares the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and launches foreground services from the background, it may be affected by this change. If your app gets a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException, check your app's order of operations and make sure your app already has an active overlay window before it attempts to start a foreground service from the background. You can check if your overlay window is currently visible by calling View.getWindowVisibility(), or you can override View.onWindowVisibilityChanged() to get notified whenever the visibility changes.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable these new restrictions on starting foreground services from the background, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

變更應用程式修改零打擾模式全域狀態的時機

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) and higher can no longer change the global state or policy of Do Not Disturb (DND) on a device (either by modifying user settings, or turning off DND mode). Instead, apps must contribute an AutomaticZenRule, which the system combines into a global policy with the existing most-restrictive-policy-wins scheme. Calls to existing APIs that previously affected global state (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy) result in the creation or update of an implicit AutomaticZenRule, which is toggled on and off depending on the call-cycle of those API calls.

Note that this change only affects observable behavior if the app is calling setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) and expects that call to deactivate an AutomaticZenRule that was previously activated by their owners.

OpenJDK API 異動

Android 15 持續更新 Android 核心程式庫，以便與最新版 OpenJDK LTS 中的功能保持一致。

以下部分變更可能會影響以 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 為目標版本的應用程式相容性：

• 字串格式 API 異動：使用下列 String.format() 和 Formatter.format() API 時，對引數索引、標記、寬度和精確度的驗證會更加嚴格：

  • String.format(String, Object[])
  • String.format(Locale, String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(Locale, String, Object[])

  舉例來說，如果使用 0 的引數索引 (格式字串中的 %0)，系統會擲回下列例外狀況：

  IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0
  

  在這種情況下，您可以使用 1 的引數索引 (格式字串中的 %1) 來修正問題。

• 變更 Arrays.asList(...).toArray() 的元件類型：使用 Arrays.asList(...).toArray() 時，產生的陣列元件類型現在是 Object，而不是基礎陣列元素的類型。因此，以下程式碼會擲回 ClassCastException：

  String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();
  

  在這種情況下，如要將 String 保留為結果陣列中的元件類型，您可以改用 Collection.toArray(Object[])：

  String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);
  

• 語言代碼處理方式異動：使用 Locale API 時，希伯來文、意第緒文和印尼文的語言代碼將不再轉換為舊版 (希伯來文：iw、意第緒文：ji、印尼文：in)。指定這些語言代碼時，請改用 ISO 639-1 的代碼 (希伯來文：he、意第緒文：yi、印尼文：id)。

• 隨機整數序列的變更：根據 https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574 所做的變更，下列 Random.ints() 方法現在會傳回與 Random.nextInt() 方法不同的數字序列：

  • Random.ints(long)
  • Random.ints(long, int, int)
  • Random.ints(int, int)
  • Random.ints()

  一般來說，這項變更不應導致應用程式中斷行為，但您的程式碼不應預期從 Random.ints() 方法產生的序列會與 Random.nextInt() 相符。

更新應用程式建構設定中的 compileSdk 以使用 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 後，新的 SequencedCollection API 可能會影響應用程式的相容性：

• 與 kotlin-stdlib 中的 MutableList.removeFirst() 和 MutableList.removeLast() 擴充函式發生衝突

  Java 中的 List 類型會對應至 Kotlin 中的 MutableList 類型。由於 List.removeFirst() 和 List.removeLast() API 已在 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 中推出，因此 Kotlin 編譯器會將函式呼叫 (例如 list.removeFirst()) 靜態解析為新的 List API，而非 kotlin-stdlib 中的擴充功能函式。

  如果應用程式重新編譯時，compileSdk 設為 35，minSdk 設為 34 或更低版本，然後在 Android 14 以下版本上執行應用程式，系統就會擲回執行階段錯誤：

  java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
  removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;
  

  Android Gradle 外掛程式中現有的 NewApi lint 選項可以擷取這些新的 API 用法。

  ./gradlew lint
  
  MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
        list.removeFirst()
  

  如要修正這個執行階段例外狀況和 Lint 錯誤，請在 Kotlin 中將 removeFirst() 和 removeLast() 函式呼叫分別替換為 removeAt(0) 和 removeAt(list.lastIndex)。如果您使用的是 Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 以上版本，則可針對這些錯誤使用快速修正選項。

  如果已停用 Lint 選項，建議您移除 @SuppressLint("NewApi") 和 lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' }。

• 與 Java 中的其他方法衝突

  我們已在現有類型中新增新方法，例如 List 和 Deque。這些新方法可能與其他介面和類別中同名和引數類型的同名方法不相容。如果方法簽章與不相容性發生衝突，javac 編譯器會輸出建構時間錯誤。例如：

  錯誤示例 1：

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
    public void removeLast() {
                ^
    return type void is not compatible with Object
    where E is a type-variable:
      E extends Object declared in interface List
  

  錯誤示例 2：

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
  public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
    both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
  1 error
  

  錯誤示例 3：

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
  public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
    class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
    where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
      E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
      E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
  1 error
  

  如要修正這些建構錯誤，實作這些介面的類別應覆寫方法，並使用相容的傳回類型。例如：

  @Override
  public Object getFirst() {
      return List.super.getFirst();
  }
  

安全性

Android 15 包含可提升系統安全性的變更，有助於保護應用程式和使用者免受惡意應用程式的侵害。

受限 TLS 版本

Android 15 restricts the usage of TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1. These versions had previously been deprecated in Android, but are now disallowed for apps targeting Android 15.

安全的背景活動啟動

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Other changes

In addition to the restriction for UID matching, these other changes are also included:

• Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
• Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
• Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
• Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
• Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

更安全的意圖

Android 15 introduces new optional security measures to make intents safer and more robust. These changes are aimed at preventing potential vulnerabilities and misuse of intents that can be exploited by malicious apps. There are two main improvements to the security of intents in Android 15:

• Match target intent-filters: Intents that target specific components must accurately match the target's intent-filter specifications. If you send an intent to launch another app's activity, the target intent component needs to align with the receiving activity's declared intent-filters.
• Intents must have actions: Intents without an action will no longer match any intent-filters. This means that intents used to start activities or services must have a clearly defined action.

In order to check how your app responds to these changes, use StrictMode in your app. To see detailed logs about Intent usage violations, add the following method:

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

使用者體驗和系統使用者介面

Android 15 包含一些變更，旨在打造更一致、直覺的使用者體驗。

視窗插邊變更

Android 15 有兩項與視窗內嵌相關的變更：預設會強制執行邊到邊，且有設定變更，例如系統列的預設設定。

Edge-to-edge enforcement

如果應用程式以 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 為目標版本，在搭載 Android 15 的裝置上，應用程式預設會採用無邊框模式。

這項重大變更可能會對應用程式的使用者介面造成負面影響。這項變更會影響下列 UI 區域：

• 手勢操作導覽列
  • 預設為透明。
  • 停用底部偏移，因此除非套用插邊，否則內容會在系統導覽列後方繪製。
  • setNavigationBarColor 和 R.attr#navigationBarColor 已淘汰，不會影響手勢操作模式。
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced 和 R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced 仍不會影響手勢操作模式。
• 3 按鈕操作
  • 不透明度預設為 80%，顏色可能會與視窗背景相符。
  • 停用底部偏移，因此除非套用插邊，否則內容會在系統導覽列後方繪製。
  • setNavigationBarColor 和 R.attr#navigationBarColor 預設會設為與視窗背景相符。視窗背景必須是可繪顏色，才能套用這個預設值。這個 API 已淘汰，但仍會影響 3 鍵導覽功能。
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced 和 R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced 預設為 true，會在 3 鍵導覽中加入 80% 不透明的背景。
• 狀態列
  • 預設為透明。
  • 頂端偏移值已停用，因此除非套用插邊，否則內容會在狀態列後方繪製。
  • setStatusBarColor 和 R.attr#statusBarColor 已淘汰，對 Android 15 沒有任何影響。
  • setStatusBarContrastEnforced 和 R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced 已淘汰，但仍會對 Android 15 產生影響。
• 螢幕缺孔
  • 非浮動式視窗的 layoutInDisplayCutoutMode 必須為 LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS。SHORT_EDGES、NEVER 和 DEFAULT 會解讀為 ALWAYS，讓使用者不會看到螢幕缺口造成的黑色橫條，並以無邊框顯示。

以下範例顯示應用程式在指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 前後，以及套用插邊前後的樣貌。

如何確認應用程式是否已採用全螢幕設計

如果您的應用程式已採用從邊到邊的設計，並套用內嵌，則大多不會受到影響，但以下情境除外：不過，即使您認為自己不會受到影響，也建議您測試應用程式。

• 您有非浮動式視窗，例如使用 SHORT_EDGES、NEVER 或 DEFAULT 而非 LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS 的 Activity。如果應用程式在啟動時異常終止，可能是因為啟動畫面。您可以將核心 SplashScreen 依附元件升級至 1.2.0-alpha01 以上版本，或是設定 window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always。
• 可能會有流量較低的畫面，其中包含遮蔽的 UI。確認這些較少造訪的畫面沒有遮蔽的 UI。流量較低的螢幕包括：
  • 新手上路或登入畫面
  • 設定頁面

如果應用程式未採用全螢幕顯示，請檢查以下事項

如果您的應用程式未採用全螢幕設計，很可能會受到影響。除了已採用全螢幕設計的應用程式情境之外，您還應考量下列事項：

• 如果應用程式在 Compose 中使用 Material 3 元件 (androidx.compose.material3)，例如 TopAppBar、BottomAppBar 和 NavigationBar，這些元件可能不會受到影響，因為它們會自動處理插邊。
• 如果應用程式使用 Compose 的 Material 2 元件 (androidx.compose.material)，這些元件不會自動處理插邊。不過，您可以存取插邊，然後手動套用。在 androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 以上版本中，請使用 windowInsets 參數，為 BottomAppBar、TopAppBar、BottomNavigation 和 NavigationRail 手動套用插邊。同樣地，對 Scaffold 也是使用 contentWindowInsets 參數。
• 如果應用程式使用 View 和 Material 元件 (com.google.android.material)，大多數以 View 為基礎的 Material 元件 (例如 BottomNavigationView、BottomAppBar、NavigationRailView 或 NavigationView) 都會處理插邊，因此不需要額外處理。不過，如果您使用 AppBarLayout，就需要新增 android:fitsSystemWindows="true"。
• 針對自訂可組合項，請手動將插邊套用為邊框間距。如果內容位於 Scaffold 中，您可以使用 Scaffold 邊框間距值使用內嵌內容。否則，請使用 WindowInsets 之一套用邊框間距。
• 如果應用程式使用檢視畫面和 BottomSheet、SideSheet 或自訂容器，請使用 ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener 套用邊框間距。對於 RecyclerView，也請使用這個事件監聽器套用邊框間距，同時新增 clipToPadding="false"。

如果應用程式必須提供自訂背景保護功能，應檢查哪些項目

如果應用程式必須為 3 鍵導覽或狀態列提供自訂背景保護，則應使用 WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() 將可組合項或檢視畫面置於系統列後方，以取得 3 鍵導覽列高度或 WindowInsets.Type#statusBars。

其他邊緣到邊緣資源

如要進一步瞭解套用內嵌區的注意事項，請參閱「Edge to Edge Views」和「Edge to Edge Compose」指南。

已淘汰的 API

下列 API 已淘汰，但未停用：

• R.attr#enforceStatusBarContrast
• R.attr#navigationBarColor (適用於 3 個按鈕操作，透明度為 80%)
• Window#isStatusBarContrastEnforced
• Window#setNavigationBarColor (適用於 3 個按鈕操作，透明度為 80%)
• Window#setStatusBarContrastEnforced

下列 API 已淘汰並停用：

• R.attr#navigationBarColor (用於手勢操作)
• R.attr#navigationBarDividerColor
• R.attr#statusBarColor
• Window#setDecorFitsSystemWindows
• Window#getNavigationBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#getStatusBarColor
• Window#setNavigationBarColor (用於手勢操作)
• Window#setNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#setStatusBarColor

Stable configuration

If your app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher, Configuration no longer excludes the system bars. If you use the screen size in the Configuration class for layout calculation, you should replace it with better alternatives like an appropriate ViewGroup, WindowInsets, or WindowMetricsCalculator depending on your need.

Configuration has been available since API 1. It is typically obtained from Activity.onConfigurationChanged. It provides information like window density, orientation, and sizes. One important characteristic about the window sizes returned from Configuration is that it previously excluded the system bars.

The configuration size is typically used for resource selection, such as /res/layout-h500dp, and this is still a valid use case. However, using it for layout calculation has always been discouraged. If you do so, you should move away from it now. You should replace the use of Configuration with something more suitable depending on your use case.

If you use it to calculate the layout, use an appropriate ViewGroup, such as CoordinatorLayout or ConstraintLayout. If you use it to determine the height of the system navbar, use WindowInsets. If you want to know the current size of your app window, use computeCurrentWindowMetrics.

The following list describes the fields affected by this change:

• Configuration.screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp sizes no longer exclude the system bars.
• Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDp is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp.
• Configuration.orientation is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp on close-to-square devices.
• Display.getSize(Point) is indirectly affected by the changes in Configuration. This was deprecated beginning in API level 30.
• Display.getMetrics() has already worked like this since API level 33.

elegantTextHeight 屬性預設值為 true

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), the elegantTextHeight TextView attribute becomes true by default, replacing the compact font used by default with some scripts that have large vertical metrics with one that is much more readable. The compact font was introduced to prevent breaking layouts; Android 13 (API level 33) prevents many of these breakages by allowing the text layout to stretch the vertical height utilizing the fallbackLineSpacing attribute.

In Android 15, the compact font still remains in the system, so your app can set elegantTextHeight to false to get the same behavior as before, but it is unlikely to be supported in upcoming releases. So, if your app supports the following scripts: Arabic, Lao, Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Telugu or Thai, test your app by setting elegantTextHeight to true.

針對複雜字母形狀變更 TextView 寬度

In previous versions of Android, some cursive fonts or languages that have complex shaping might draw the letters in the previous or next character's area. In some cases, such letters were clipped at the beginning or ending position. Starting in Android 15, a TextView allocates width for drawing enough space for such letters and allows apps to request extra paddings to the left to prevent clipping.

Because this change affects how a TextView decides the width, TextView allocates more width by default if the app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. You can enable or disable this behavior by calling the setUseBoundsForWidth API on TextView.

Because adding left padding might cause a misalignment for existing layouts, the padding is not added by default even for apps that target Android 15 or higher. However, you can add extra padding to preventing clipping by calling setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang.

The following examples show how these changes can improve text layout for some fonts and languages.

Standard layout for English text in a cursive font. Some of the letters are clipped. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />

Layout for the same English text with additional width and padding. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

Standard layout for Thai text. Some of the letters are clipped. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />

Layout for the same Thai text with additional width and padding. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

EditText 的依地區設定的預設行高

在 Android 先前版本中，文字版面配置會拉伸文字高度，以符合與目前語言代碼相符的字型行高。舉例來說，如果內容是日文，由於日文字型的行高略大於拉丁字型，因此文字高度會稍微變高。不過，儘管行高有這些差異，EditText 元素的大小仍保持一致，不受使用語言代碼影響，如下圖所示：

針對指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 的應用程式，現在會為 EditText 保留最小行高，以便與指定語言代碼的參考字型相符，如以下圖片所示：

如有需要，應用程式可以將 useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum 屬性指定為 false，藉此還原先前的行為，並使用 Kotlin 和 Java 中的 setMinimumFontMetrics API 設定自訂的垂直最小指標。

相機和媒體

Android 15 會針對指定 Android 15 以上版本為目標版本的應用程式，對相機和媒體行為進行下列變更。

要求音訊焦點的限制

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) must be the top app or running a foreground service in order to request audio focus. If an app attempts to request focus when it does not meet one of these requirements, the call returns AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

You can learn more about audio focus at Manage audio focus.

更新非 SDK 限制

基於與 Android 開發人員合作及最新的內部測試，Android 15 包含更新後的受限制非 SDK 介面清單。在限制非 SDK 介面之前，我們盡可能確保公開替代方案的可得性。

如果您的應用程式並未以 Android 15 為目標版本，則此處所述的某些變更可能不會立即對您造成影響。不過，雖然應用程式可以存取某些非 SDK 介面 (視應用程式的目標 API 級別而定)，但使用任何非 SDK 方法或欄位時，均可能面臨應用程式故障的高度風險。

如果不確定應用程式是否使用非 SDK 介面，您可以測試應用程式來確認。如果您的應用程式仰賴非 SDK 介面，則建議您開始規劃遷移至 SDK 替代方案。不過，我們瞭解有些應用程式可使用非 SDK 介面運作。如果您除了為應用程式中的某個功能使用非 SDK 介面外，已別無他法，則應要求新的公用 API。

To learn more about the changes in this release of Android, see Updates to non-SDK interface restrictions in Android 15. To learn more about non-SDK interfaces generally, see Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces.