동작 변경사항: Android 15 이상을 타겟팅하는 앱

이전 출시와 마찬가지로 Android 15에는 영향을 줄 수 있는 동작 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다. 있습니다. 다음 동작 변경사항은 Android 15 이상을 타겟팅해야 합니다. 앱이 Android 15 이상을 타겟팅하는 경우 이러한 동작을 적절히 지원하도록 앱을 수정해야 합니다. 있습니다.

또한 모든 앱에 영향을 미치는 동작 변경사항의 목록을 검토하시기 바랍니다. 앱의 targetSdkVersion와 상관없이 Android 15에서 실행되어야 합니다.

핵심 기능

Android 15는 Android 시스템의 다양한 핵심 기능을 수정하거나 확장합니다.

포그라운드 서비스 변경사항

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

• Data sync foreground service timeout behavior
• New media processing foreground service type
• Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services
• Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 introduces a new foreground service type, mediaProcessing. This service type is appropriate for operations like transcoding media files. For example, a media app might download an audio file and need to convert it to a different format before playing it. You can use a mediaProcessing foreground service to make sure the conversion continues even while the app is in the background.

The system permits an app's mediaProcessing services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid having the exception, you can do one of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's mediaProcessing services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start mediaProcessing foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a mediaProcessing foreground service, use an alternative API, like WorkManager.

If your app's mediaProcessing foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another mediaProcessing foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another mediaProcessing foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type mediaProcessing".

For more information about the mediaProcessing service type, see Changes to foreground service types for Android 15: Media processing.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable media processing timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

There are new restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services. BOOT_COMPLETED receivers are not allowed to launch the following types of foreground services:

• dataSync
• camera
• mediaPlayback
• phoneCall
• mediaProjection
• microphone (this restriction has been in place for microphone since Android 14)

If a BOOT_COMPLETED receiver tries to launch any of those types of foreground services, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). Run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

To send a BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast without restarting the device, run the following adb command:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Previously, if an app held the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission, it could launch a foreground service even if the app was currently in the background (as discussed in exemptions from background start restrictions).

If an app targets Android 15, this exemption is now narrower. The app now needs to have the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and also have a visible overlay window. That is, the app needs to first launch a TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY window and the window needs to be visible before you start a foreground service.

If your app attempts to start a foreground service from the background without meeting these new requirements (and it does not have some other exemption), the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If your app declares the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and launches foreground services from the background, it may be affected by this change. If your app gets a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException, check your app's order of operations and make sure your app already has an active overlay window before it attempts to start a foreground service from the background. You can check if your overlay window is currently visible by calling View.getWindowVisibility(), or you can override View.onWindowVisibilityChanged() to get notified whenever the visibility changes.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable these new restrictions on starting foreground services from the background, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

앱이 방해 금지 모드의 전체 상태를 수정할 수 있는 경우에 대한 변경사항

Android 15를 타겟팅하는 앱은 사용자 설정을 수정하거나 DND 모드를 사용 중지하여 기기에서 방해 금지 모드(DND)의 전체 상태 또는 정책을 더 이상 변경할 수 없습니다. 대신 앱은 AutomaticZenRule를 제공해야 합니다. 시스템은 이 시스템에서 기존의 'most-restrictive-policy-wins' 체계가 적용된 전역 정책에 이를 결합합니다. 이전에 전역 상태 (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy)에 영향을 미쳤던 기존 API를 호출하면 암시적 AutomaticZenRule이 생성되거나 업데이트됩니다. 이 AutomaticZenRule는 이러한 API 호출의 호출 주기에 따라 사용 설정되거나 사용 중지됩니다.

이 변경사항은 앱이 setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL)를 호출하고 소유자가 이전에 활성화한 AutomaticZenRule를 비활성화하기 위한 호출이 예상되는 경우에만 관찰 가능한 동작에만 영향을 미칩니다.

OpenJDK API 변경사항

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

Some of these changes can affect app compatibility for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35):

• Changes to string formatting APIs: Validation of argument index, flags, width, and precision are now more strict when using the following String.format() and Formatter.format() APIs:

  • String.format(String, Object[])
  • String.format(Locale, String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(Locale, String, Object[])

  For example, the following exception is thrown when an argument index of 0 is used (%0 in the format string):

  IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0
  

  In this case, the issue can be fixed by using an argument index of 1 (%1 in the format string).

• Changes to component type of Arrays.asList(...).toArray(): When using Arrays.asList(...).toArray(), the component type of the resulting array is now an Object—not the type of the underlying array's elements. So the following code throws a ClassCastException:

  String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();
  

  For this case, to preserve String as the component type in the resulting array, you could use Collection.toArray(Object[]) instead:

  String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);
  

• Changes to language code handling: When using the Locale API, language codes for Hebrew, Yiddish, and Indonesian are no longer converted to their obsolete forms (Hebrew: iw, Yiddish: ji, and Indonesian: in). When specifying the language code for one of these locales, use the codes from ISO 639-1 instead (Hebrew: he, Yiddish: yi, and Indonesian: id).

• Changes to random int sequences: Following the changes made in https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574, the following Random.ints() methods now return a different sequence of numbers than the Random.nextInt() methods do:

  • Random.ints(long)
  • Random.ints(long, int, int)
  • Random.ints(int, int)
  • Random.ints()

  Generally, this change shouldn't result in app-breaking behavior, but your code shouldn't expect the sequence generated from Random.ints() methods to match Random.nextInt().

The new SequencedCollection API can affect your app's compatibility after you update compileSdk in your app's build configuration to use Android 15 (API level 35):

• Collision with MutableList.removeFirst() and MutableList.removeLast() extension functions in kotlin-stdlib

  The List type in Java is mapped to the MutableList type in Kotlin. Because the List.removeFirst() and List.removeLast() APIs have been introduced in Android 15 (API level 35), the Kotlin compiler resolves function calls, for example list.removeFirst(), statically to the new List APIs instead of to the extension functions in kotlin-stdlib.

  If an app is re-compiled with compileSdk set to 35 and minSdk set to 34 or lower, and then the app is run on Android 14 and lower, a runtime error is thrown:

  java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
  removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;
  

  The existing NewApi lint option in Android Gradle Plugin can catch these new API usages.

  ./gradlew lint
  
  MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
        list.removeFirst()
  

  To fix the runtime exception and lint errors, the removeFirst() and removeLast() function calls can be replaced with removeAt(0) and removeAt(list.lastIndex) respectively in Kotlin. If you're using Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 or higher, it also provides a quick fix option for these errors.

  Consider removing @SuppressLint("NewApi") and lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' } if the lint option has been disabled.

• Collision with other methods in Java

  New methods have been added into the existing types, for example, List and Deque. These new methods might not be compatible with the methods with the same name and argument types in other interfaces and classes. In the case of a method signature collision with incompatibility, the javac compiler outputs a build-time error. For example:

  Example error 1:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
    public void removeLast() {
                ^
    return type void is not compatible with Object
    where E is a type-variable:
      E extends Object declared in interface List
  

  Example error 2:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
  public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
    both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
  1 error
  

  Example error 3:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
  public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
    class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
    where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
      E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
      E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
  1 error
  

  To fix these build errors, the class implementing these interfaces should override the method with a compatible return type. For example:

  @Override
  public Object getFirst() {
      return List.super.getLast();
  }
  

보안

Android 15에는 앱을 보호하는 데 도움이 되도록 시스템 보안을 촉진하는 변경사항이 포함되어 있습니다. 사용자를 보호할 수 있습니다

안전한 백그라운드 활동 실행

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Block apps that don't match the top UID on the stack from launching activities

Malicious apps can launch another app's activity within the same task, then overlay themselves on top, creating the illusion of being that app. This "task hijacking" attack bypasses current background launch restrictions because it all occurs within the same visible task. To mitigate this risk, Android 15 adds a flag that blocks apps that don't match the top UID on the stack from launching activities. To opt in for all of your app's activities, update the allowCrossUidActivitySwitchFromBelow attribute in your app's AndroidManifest.xml file:

<application android:allowCrossUidActivitySwitchFromBelow="false" >

The new security measures are active if all of the following are true:

• The app performing the launch targets Android 15.
• The app on top of the task stack targets Android 15.
• Any visible activity has opted in to the new protections

If the security measures are enabled, apps might return home, rather than the last visible app, if they finish their own task.

Other changes

In addition to the restriction for UID matching, these other changes are also included:

• Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
• Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
• Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
• Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
• Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

더 안전한 인텐트

Android 15 introduces new security measures to make intents safer and more robust. These changes are aimed at preventing potential vulnerabilities and misuse of intents that can be exploited by malicious apps. There are two main improvements to the security of intents in Android 15:

• Match target intent-filters: Intents that target specific components must accurately match the target's intent-filter specifications. If you send an intent to launch another app's activity, the target intent component needs to align with the receiving activity's declared intent-filters.
• Intents must have actions: Intents without an action will no longer match any intent-filters. This means that intents used to start activities or services must have a clearly defined action.
• Pending intents: The creator of the pending intent is treated as the sender of the enclosing intent, not the sender of the pending intent

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

사용자 환경 및 시스템 UI

Android 15에는 더 일관성 있는 직관적인 사용자 환경을 제공합니다.

창 인셋 변경사항

Android 15의 창 인셋과 관련된 두 가지 변경사항이 있습니다. 에지 투 에지가 기본적으로 적용되고 시스템 표시줄의 기본 구성과 같은 구성 변경사항도 있습니다.

더 넓은 화면 적용

Apps are edge-to-edge by default on devices running Android 15 if the app is targeting Android 15 (API level 35).

This is a breaking change that might negatively impact your app's UI. The changes affect the following UI areas:

• Gesture handle navigation bar
  • Transparent by default.
  • Bottom offset is disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
  • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are deprecated and don't affect gesture navigation.
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced continue to have no effect on gesture navigation.
• 3-button navigation
  • Opacity set to 80% by default, with color possibly matching the window background.
  • Bottom offset disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
  • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are set to match the window background by default. The window background must be a color drawable for this default to apply. This API is deprecated but continues to affect 3-button navigation.
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced is true by default, which adds an 80% opaque background across 3-button navigation.
• Status bar
  • Transparent by default.
  • The top offset is disabled so content draws behind the status bar unless insets are applied.
  • setStatusBarColor and R.attr#statusBarColor are deprecated and have no effect on Android 15.
  • setStatusBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced are deprecated but still have an effect on Android 15.
• Display cutout
  • layoutInDisplayCutoutMode of non-floating windows must be LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. SHORT_EDGES, NEVER and DEFAULT are interpreted as ALWAYS so that users don't see a Black bar caused by the display cutout and appear edge-to-edge.

The following example shows an app before and after targeting Android 15 (API level 35), and before and after applying insets.

What to check if your app is already edge-to-edge

If your app is already edge-to-edge and applies insets, you are mostly unimpacted, except in the following scenarios. However, even if you think you aren't impacted, we recommend you test your app.

• You have a non-floating window, such as an Activity that uses SHORT_EDGES, NEVER or DEFAULT instead of LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. If your app crashes on launch, this might be due to your splashscreen. You can either upgrade the core splashscreen dependency to 1.2.0-alpha01 or later or set window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always.
• There might be lower-traffic screens with occluded UI. Verify these less-visited screens don't have occluded UI. Lower-traffic screens include:
  • Onboarding or sign-in screens
  • Settings pages

What to check if your app is not already edge-to-edge

If your app is not already edge-to-edge, you are most likely impacted. In addition to the scenarios for apps that are already edge-to-edge, you should consider the following:

• If your app uses Material 3 Components ( androidx.compose.material3) in compose, such as TopAppBar, BottomAppBar, and NavigationBar, these components are likely not impacted because they automatically handle insets.
• If your app is using Material 2 Components ( androidx.compose.material) in Compose, these components don't automatically handle insets. However, you can get access to the insets and apply them manually. In androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 and later, use the windowInsets parameter to apply the insets manually for BottomAppBar, TopAppBar, BottomNavigation, and NavigationRail. Likewise, use the contentWindowInsets parameter for Scaffold.
• If your app uses views and Material Components (com.google.android.material), most views-based Material Components such as BottomNavigationView, BottomAppBar, NavigationRailView, or NavigationView, handle insets and require no additional work. However, you need to add android:fitsSystemWindows="true" if using AppBarLayout.
• For custom composables, apply the insets manually as padding. If your content is within a Scaffold, you can consume insets using the Scaffold padding values. Otherwise, apply padding using one of the WindowInsets.
• If your app is using views and BottomSheet, SideSheet or custom containers, apply padding using ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener. For RecyclerView, apply padding using this listener and also add clipToPadding="false".

What to check if your app must offer custom background protection

If your app must offer custom background protection to 3-button navigation or the status bar, you app should place a composable or view behind the system bar using WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() to get the 3-button navigation bar height or WindowInsets.Type#statusBars.

Additional edge-to-edge resources

See the Edge to Edge Views and Edge to Edge Compose guides for additional considerations on applying insets.

Deprecated APIs

The following APIs are now deprecated:

• R.attr#enforceStatusBarContrast
• R.attr#navigationBarColor
• R.attr#navigationBarDividerColor
• R.attr#statusBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#getStatusBarColor
• Window#isStatusBarContrastEnforced
• Window#setDecorFitsSystemWindows
• Window#setNavigationBarColor
• Window#setNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#setStatusBarColor
• Window#setStatusBarContrastEnforced

안정적인 구성

If your app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher, Configuration no longer excludes the system bars. If you use the screen size in the Configuration class for layout calculation, you should replace it with better alternatives like an appropriate ViewGroup, WindowInsets, or WindowMetricsCalculator depending on your need.

Configuration has been available since API 1. It is typically obtained from Activity.onConfigurationChanged. It provides information like window density, orientation, and sizes. One important characteristic about the window sizes returned from Configuration is that it previously excluded the system bars.

The configuration size is typically used for resource selection, such as /res/layout-h500dp, and this is still a valid use case. However, using it for layout calculation has always been discouraged. If you do so, you should move away from it now. You should replace the use of Configuration with something more suitable depending on your use case.

If you use it to calculate the layout, use an appropriate ViewGroup, such as CoordinatorLayout or ConstraintLayout. If you use it to determine the height of the system navbar, use WindowInsets. If you want to know the current size of your app window, use computeCurrentWindowMetrics.

The following list describes the fields affected by this change:

• Configuration.screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp sizes no longer exclude the system bars.
• Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDp is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp.
• Configuration.orientation is indirectly affected by changes to screenWidthDp and screenHeightDp on close-to-square devices.
• Display.getSize(Point) is indirectly affected by the changes in Configuration. This was deprecated beginning in API level 30.
• Display.getMetrics() has already worked like this since API level 33.

우아한 텍스트 높이 속성의 기본값은 true입니다.

Android 15를 타겟팅하는 앱의 경우 elegantTextHeight TextView 속성이 기본적으로 true가 되어 기본적으로 사용되는 작은 글꼴이 큰 세로 측정항목이 있는 일부 스크립트로 대체되며 훨씬 더 읽기 쉽습니다. 간단한 글꼴은 레이아웃 나누기를 방지하기 위해 도입되었습니다. Android 13 (API 수준 33)은 fallbackLineSpacing 속성을 사용하여 텍스트 레이아웃이 세로 높이를 늘릴 수 있도록 하여 이러한 중단을 대부분 방지합니다.

Android 15에서는 작은 글꼴이 여전히 시스템에 유지되므로 앱에서 elegantTextHeight를 false로 설정하여 이전과 같은 동작을 가져올 수 있지만 향후 출시에서는 지원될 가능성이 낮습니다. 따라서 앱에서 아랍어, 라오어, 미얀마, 타밀어, 구자라트어, 칸나다어, 말라얄람어, 오디아, 텔루구어, 태국어 스크립트를 지원한다면 elegantTextHeight를 true로 설정하여 앱을 테스트하세요.

복잡한 문자 도형의 TextView 너비 변경

이전 버전의 Android에서는 일부 필기체 글꼴이나 복잡한 도형의 경우 이전 또는 다음 문자의 영역에 문자를 그릴 수 있습니다. 이러한 문자가 시작 또는 끝 위치에서 잘리는 경우도 있었습니다. Android 15부터 TextView는 충분한 공간을 그리기 위해 너비를 할당합니다. 앱이 추가 문자의 왼쪽에 추가 패딩을 요청하여 클리핑을 방지합니다.

이 변경사항은 TextView가 너비를 결정하는 방식에 영향을 미치므로 TextView 앱이 Android 15 (API 수준 35)를 타겟팅하는 경우 기본적으로 더 많은 너비를 할당합니다. 더 높습니다. 이 동작은 TextView의 setUseBoundsForWidth API

왼쪽 패딩을 추가하면 기존 레이아웃이 잘못 정렬될 수 있으므로 패딩은 Android 15 이상을 타겟팅하는 앱에서도 기본적으로 추가되지 않습니다. 그러나 setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang

다음 예는 이러한 변경으로 일부의 텍스트 레이아웃을 개선할 수 있는 방법을 보여줍니다. 선택할 수 있습니다.

필기체로 된 영어 텍스트의 표준 레이아웃입니다. 일부 글자가 잘립니다. 해당하는 XML은 다음과 같습니다.

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />

동일한 영어 텍스트의 레이아웃에 추가 너비와 패딩. 해당하는 XML은 다음과 같습니다.

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

태국어 텍스트의 표준 레이아웃입니다. 글자 중 일부가 잘립니다. 해당하는 XML은 다음과 같습니다.

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />

동일한 태국어 텍스트의 레이아웃에 추가 너비와 패딩. 해당하는 XML은 다음과 같습니다.

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

EditText의 언어 인식 기본 행 높이

이전 버전의 Android에서는 텍스트 레이아웃이 현재 언어와 일치하는 글꼴의 줄 높이를 충족하도록 텍스트의 높이를 늘렸습니다. 예를 들어 콘텐츠가 일본어인 경우 일본어 글꼴의 줄 높이가 라틴어 글꼴보다 약간 크므로 텍스트의 높이가 약간 커졌습니다. 그러나 이러한 줄 높이 차이에도 불구하고 EditText 요소는 다음 이미지와 같이 사용되는 언어에 관계없이 균일하게 크기가 조정되었습니다.

Android 15를 타겟팅하는 앱의 경우 다음 이미지와 같이 지정된 언어의 참조 글꼴과 일치하도록 EditText의 최소 행 높이가 이제 예약됩니다.

필요한 경우 앱은 useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum 속성을 false로 지정하여 이전 동작을 복원할 수 있으며, 앱은 Kotlin과 자바에서 setMinimumFontMetrics API를 사용하여 맞춤 최소 세로 측정항목을 설정할 수 있습니다.

카메라 및 미디어

Android 15에서는 앱의 카메라 및 미디어 동작을 다음과 같이 변경합니다. (Android 15 이상을 타겟팅하는 앱)

오디오 포커스 요청 제한사항

Android 15를 타겟팅하는 앱이 오디오 포커스를 요청하려면 최상위 앱이거나 포그라운드 서비스를 실행 중이어야 합니다. 앱이 이러한 요구사항 중 하나를 충족하지 않을 때 포커스를 요청하려고 하면 호출은 AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED을 반환합니다.

오디오 포커스 관리에서 오디오 포커스에 관해 자세히 알아보세요.

업데이트된 비 SDK 제한사항

Android 15에는 제한된 비 SDK의 업데이트된 목록이 포함됨 Android 개발자와의 공동작업 및 최신 내부 테스트 비 SDK 인터페이스를 제한하는 경우, 가능하면 해당 인터페이스에 대한 공개된 대안이 사용 가능한지 여부를 확인합니다.

앱이 Android 15를 타겟팅하지 않는 경우 이러한 변경사항 중 일부는 즉시 영향을 받지 않을 수 있습니다 그러나 앱에서 일부 비 SDK 인터페이스에 액세스 앱의 대상 API 수준에 따라 다를 수 있습니다. 메서드 또는 필드는 항상 앱이 중단될 위험이 높습니다.

앱에서 비 SDK 인터페이스를 사용하는지 확실하지 않은 경우 앱을 테스트하여 알아보세요. 앱에서 비 SDK를 사용하는 경우 인터페이스를 사용하려면 대체 SDK로의 이전을 계획해야 합니다. 하지만 일부 앱에서는 비 SDK 인터페이스에 대해 알아보도록 하겠습니다. 비 SDK 사용의 대안을 찾을 수 없는 경우 인터페이스를 구현하려는 경우 새 공개 API를 요청할 수 있습니다.

이 Android 버전의 변경사항을 자세히 알아보려면 Android 15의 비 SDK 인터페이스 제한사항 업데이트를 참고하세요. 비 SDK 인터페이스에 관한 일반적인 내용을 자세히 알아보려면 비 SDK 인터페이스 제한사항을 참고하세요.