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功能與 API 總覽

Android 15 為開發人員推出了強大的功能和 API。以下各節會簡要說明這些功能，協助您開始使用相關 API。

如需新增、修改及移除 API 的詳細清單，請參閱 API 差異比較表。如要進一步瞭解新增的 API，請參閱 Android API 參考資料 - 針對 Android 15，請尋找 API 級別 35 中新增的 API。如要瞭解平台變更可能對應用程式造成的影響，請務必查看指定 Android 15 的應用程式和所有應用程式的 Android 15 行為變更。

相機和媒體

Android 15 包含多種功能，可提升相機和媒體體驗，並提供工具和硬體，協助創作者在 Android 上實現願景。

如要進一步瞭解 Android 媒體和相機的最新功能和開發人員解決方案，請參閱 Google I/O 的「打造現代 Android 媒體和相機體驗」演講。

低光源增強

Android 15 推出了 低光源增強功能，這是可用於 Camera 2 和夜間模式相機擴充功能的自動曝光模式。低光源增強功能會在低光源環境中調整預覽串流的曝光量。這與夜間模式相機擴充功能建立靜態圖片的方式不同，因為夜間模式會結合一系列相片，建立單一經過強化的圖片。夜間模式雖然非常適合用於拍攝靜態相片，但無法建立連續的畫面串流，而低光增強功能則可以。因此，低光增強功能可啟用相機功能，例如：

提供強化圖片預覽功能，方便使用者在低光源環境下拍攝相片
在光線不足的環境下掃描 QR code

啟用低光源增強功能後，系統會在光線較暗時自動開啟，並在光線較強時關閉。

應用程式可以在低光源環境下錄製預覽串流，以便儲存經過調亮的影片。

詳情請參閱「低光增強」。

應用程式內攝影機控制選項

Android 15 新增了擴充功能，可進一步控管相機硬體及其在支援裝置上的演算法：

進階閃光燈強度調整功能：在拍攝相片時，可在 SINGLE 和 TORCH 模式下精確控制閃光燈強度。

HDR 動態範圍控制

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

The brightness of SDR UI elements on the left screen appears to be more uniform than the brightness on the right screen, which simulates possible headroom issues when HDR and SDR content are mixed. By adjusting the HDR headroom, you can achieve a better balance between the SDR and HDR content.

音量控制

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

虛擬 MIDI 2.0 裝置

Android 13 新增了支援功能，可透過 USB 連線至MIDI 2.0 裝置，並透過通用 MIDI 封包 (UMP) 進行通訊。Android 15 將 UMP 支援擴展至虛擬 MIDI 應用程式，讓合成應用程式可透過虛擬 MIDI 2.0 裝置控制合成器應用程式，就像使用 USB MIDI 2.0 裝置一樣。

更有效率的 AV1 軟體解碼

dav1d logo

dav1d, the popular AV1 software decoder from VideoLAN is available for Android devices that don't support AV1 decode in hardware. dav1d is up to 3x more performant than the legacy AV1 software decoder, enabling HD AV1 playback for more users, including some low and mid tier devices.

Your app needs to opt-in to using dav1d by invoking it by name "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder". dav1d will be made the default AV1 software decoder in a subsequent update. This support is standardized and backported to Android 11 devices that receive Google Play system updates.

開發人員工作效率和工具

我們致力於提升開發人員的工作效率，因此大部分工作都圍繞著 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 程式庫等工具進行，但我們也不斷尋找平台上的各種方法，協助您更輕鬆地實現願景。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 持續更新 Android 核心程式庫，以便與最新版 OpenJDK LTS 中的功能保持一致。

這次更新包含以下重點功能和改善項目：

改善 NIO 緩衝區的使用體驗
串流
其他 math 和 strictmath 方法
util 套件更新，包括依序的 collection、map 和 set
ByteBuffer 在 Deflater 中的支援
安全性更新，例如 X500PrivateCredential 和安全性金鑰更新

這些 API 會透過 Google Play 系統更新，在搭載 Android 12 (API 級別 31) 以上版本的 10 億部裝置上進行更新，因此您可以指定最新的程式設計功能。

PDF 改善項目

Android 15 includes substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use. The Jetpack PDF library uses these APIs to simplify adding PDF viewing capabilities to your app.

The latest updates to PDF rendering include features such as searching an embedded PDF file.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

自動切換語言的改良功能

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

改良 OpenType 變數字型 API

Android 15 improves the usability of the OpenType variable font. You can create a FontFamily instance from a variable font without specifying weight axes with the buildVariableFamily API. The text renderer overrides the value of wght axis to match the displaying text.

Using the API simplifies the code for creating a Typeface considerably:

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

Previously, to create the same Typeface, you would need much more code:

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

Here's an example of how a Typeface created with both the old and new APIs renders:

An example of how Typeface rendering differs using new and old
APIs

In this example, the Typeface created with the old API doesn't have the capability to create accurate font weights for the 350, 450, 550 and 650 Font instances, so the renderer falls back to the closest weight. So in this case, 300 is rendered instead of 350, 400 is rendered instead of 450, and so on. By contrast, the Typeface created with the new APIs dynamically creates a Font instance for a given weight, so accurate weights are rendered for 350, 450, 550, and 650 as well.

精細的換行符號控制

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Layout for a line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." isn't wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

Layout for the same line of text where the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." is wrapped using a <nobreak> tag.

封存應用程式

Android 和 Google Play 去年宣布支援應用程式封存功能，使用者可以在 Google Play 上使用 Android App Bundle 發布的應用程式，從裝置上部分移除不常使用的應用程式，藉此釋出空間。Android 15 提供應用程式封存和解封存的作業系統層級支援功能，讓所有應用程式商店更輕鬆地實作這項功能。

具有 REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES 權限的應用程式可以呼叫 PackageInstaller requestArchive 方法，要求封存已安裝的應用程式套件，會移除 APK 和任何快取檔案，但會保留使用者資料。系統會透過 LauncherApps API；使用者會看到 UI 樣式，藉此突顯這些個應用程式已封存。使用者輕觸封存的應用程式時，負責的安裝程式會收到取消封存的要求，而且還原程序可以由 ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED 廣播監控。

使用開發人員選項在裝置上啟用 16 KB 模式

切換「以 16KB 頁面大小啟動」開發人員選項，即可在 16 KB 模式下啟動裝置。

從 Android 15 QPR1 開始，您可以使用特定裝置上的開發人員選項，以 16 KB 模式啟動裝置，並執行裝置端測試。使用開發人員選項前，請依序前往「設定」>「系統」>「軟體更新」，並套用所有可用的更新。

這項開發人員選項適用於下列裝置：

Pixel 8 和 8 Pro (搭載 Android 15 QPR1 以上版本)
Pixel 8a (搭載 Android 15 QPR1 以上版本)
Pixel 9、Pixel 9 Pro 和 Pixel 9 Pro XL (搭載 Android 15 QPR2 Beta 2 以上版本)

圖形

Android 15 帶來最新的圖像改善項目，包括 ANGLE 和 Canvas 圖像系統的增強功能。

更新 Android 的 GPU 存取權

Vulkan 標誌

與早期核心作業系統會在單一 CPU 上執行，並使用以固定函式管道為基礎的 API 存取 GPU 不同，Android 硬體已大幅進化。自 Android 7.0 (API 級別 24) 起，NDK 就提供 Vulkan® 圖形 API，其中包含低階抽象化功能，可更貼近現代 GPU 硬體、更有效地支援多個 CPU 核心，並減少 CPU 驅動程式額外負擔，進而提升應用程式效能。所有新型遊戲引擎都支援 Vulkan。

Vulkan 是 Android 對 GPU 的偏好介面。因此，Android 15 包含 ANGLE 做為可選的圖層，可在 Vulkan 上執行 OpenGL® ES。改用 ANGLE 可將 Android OpenGL 實作標準化，進而改善相容性，在某些情況下還能提升效能。您可以在 Android 15 上依序前往「設定」->「系統」->「開發人員選項」->「實驗功能：啟用 ANGLE」，啟用開發人員選項，藉此使用 ANGLE 測試 OpenGL ES 應用程式的穩定性和效能。

Android ANGLE 的 Vulkan 時程表

為了簡化 GPU 堆疊，我們日後會在更多新裝置上提供 ANGLE 做為 GL 系統驅動程式，並預期 OpenGL/ES 日後只會透過 ANGLE 提供。不過，我們計劃繼續在所有裝置上支援 OpenGL ES。

建議採取的後續步驟

使用開發人員選項選取 OpenGL ES 的 ANGLE 驅動程式，並測試應用程式。對於新專案，我們強烈建議使用 Vulkan 開發 C/C++。

畫布改善項目

Android 15 continues our modernization of Android's Canvas graphics system with additional capabilities:

Matrix44 provides a 4x4 matrix for transforming coordinates that should be used when you want to manipulate the canvas in 3D.
clipShader intersects the current clip with the specified shader, while clipOutShader sets the clip to the difference of the current clip and the shader, each treating the shader as an alpha mask. This supports the drawing of complex shapes efficiently.

效能和電池

Android 持續致力於協助您提升應用程式的效能和品質。Android 15 導入的 API 可協助您更有效率地執行應用程式中的工作、提升應用程式效能，以及收集應用程式的洞察資訊。

如要瞭解省電最佳做法、如何偵錯網路和耗電量，以及我們如何在 Android 15 和近期 Android 版本中提升背景作業的省電效率，請參閱 Google I/O 的「提升 Android 背景作業的省電效率」演講。

ApplicationStartInfo API

在先前的 Android 版本中，應用程式啟動過程一直是個謎。在應用程式中判斷應用程式是否從冷、暖或熱狀態啟動，是一項挑戰。您也難以瞭解應用程式在各個啟動階段 (分支程序、呼叫 onCreate、繪製第一個影格等) 花費的時間。在 Application 類別例項化時，您無法得知應用程式是從廣播、內容供應器、工作、備份、啟動完成、鬧鐘或 Activity 啟動。

Android 15 的 ApplicationStartInfo API 提供上述所有功能，甚至更多。您甚至可以選擇在流程中加入自己的時間戳記，方便集中收集時間資料。除了收集指標，您也可以使用 ApplicationStartInfo 直接改善應用程式啟動效能。舉例來說，如果應用程式因廣播而啟動，您可以避免在 Application 類別中執行與 UI 相關的程式庫例項，以免造成不必要的負擔。

應用程式大小詳細資訊

Since Android 8.0 (API level 26), Android has included the StorageStats.getAppBytes API that summarizes the installed size of an app as a single number of bytes, which is a sum of the APK size, the size of files extracted from the APK, and files that were generated on the device such as ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled code. This number is not very insightful in terms of how your app is using storage.

Android 15 adds the StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API, which lets you get insight into how your app is using up all that space, including APK file splits, AOT and speedup related code, dex metadata, libraries, and guided profiles.

應用程式管理的剖析

Android 15 包含 ProfilingManager 類別，可讓您從應用程式內收集剖析資訊，例如記憶體快照資料、記憶體快照資料、堆疊取樣等。它會為您的應用程式提供回呼，並提供標記來識別輸出檔案，該檔案會傳送至應用程式的檔案目錄。API 會實施頻率限制，盡可能降低對效能的影響。

如要簡化應用程式中的剖析要求建構程序，建議您使用對應的 Profiling AndroidX API (適用於 Core 1.15.0-rc01 以上版本)。

SQLite 資料庫改善項目

Android 15 推出 SQLite API，可公開基礎 SQLite 引擎的進階功能，針對應用程式可能出現的特定效能問題進行調整。這些 API 已隨 SQLite 更新至 3.44.3 版一併提供。

開發人員應參考提升 SQLite 效能的最佳做法充分運用 SQLite 資料庫，尤其是處理大型資料集時或執行容易受到延遲時間影響的查詢時

唯讀延遲交易：在發出唯讀交易 (不包含寫入陳述式) 時，請使用 beginTransactionReadOnly() 和 beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) 發出唯讀 DEFERRED 交易。這類交易可以同時執行，如果資料庫處於 WAL 模式，則可以與 IMMEDIATE 或 EXCLUSIVE 交易同時執行。
資料列計數與 ID：新增了 API 以擷取已變更的計數資料列或上次插入的資料列 ID，且無須發出額外查詢。 getLastChangedRowCount() 會傳回資料列數量最新的 SQL 陳述式已插入、更新或刪除目前交易，而 getTotalChangedRowCount() 會傳回目前連線的計數。 getLastInsertRowId() 會傳回要在目前連線中插入的最後一列的 rowid。
原始陳述式：發布原始 SQlite 陳述式，略過便利性以及可能會產生的任何額外處理負擔。

Android 動態效能架構更新

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 adds ADPF capabilities:

A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

隱私權

Android 15 包含多種功能，可協助應用程式開發人員保護使用者隱私權。

螢幕錄影偵測

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

擴充 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 版本內建支援透過 UriRelativeFilterGroup 更精確地解析 Intent，其中包含一組 UriRelativeFilter 物件，可形成一組必須滿足的 Intent 比對規則，包括網址查詢參數、網址片段，以及封鎖或排除規則。

您可以在 AndroidManifest XML 檔案中使用 <uri-relative-filter-group> 標記定義這些規則，並視需要納入 android:allow 標記。這些標記可包含使用現有資料標記屬性的 <data> 標記，以及 android:query 和 android:fragment 屬性。

以下是 AndroidManifest 語法範例：

<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:host="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私人空間

The private space can be unlocked and locked to show or hide sensitive apps on a device.

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
Medical apps
Launcher apps
App store apps

查詢「所選相片存取權」的最新使用者選取項目

現在應用程式只能醒目顯示最近選取的相片和影片授予媒體的部分存取權。這項功能可改善經常要求存取相片和影片存取權的應用程式使用者體驗。如要在應用程式中使用這項功能，請啟用查詢 MediaStore 時有 QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY 引數透過 ContentResolver 關閉通知。

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Android 版 Privacy Sandbox

Android 15 包含最新的 Android Ad Services 擴充功能，其中整合了 Android 版 Privacy Sandbox 的最新版本。這項新增功能是我們開發新技術的一部分，旨在強化使用者隱私，並在行動應用程式中提供有效的個人化廣告體驗。我們的 Privacy Sandbox 頁面提供 Android 版 Privacy Sandbox 開發人員預覽版和 Beta 版計畫的更多資訊，協助您開始使用。

Health Connect

Android 15 整合了 Health Connect by Android 的最新擴充功能，這是一個安全且集中式的平台，可用於管理及分享應用程式收集的健康與健身資料。這次更新新增了健身、營養、皮膚溫度、訓練計畫等其他資料類型的支援。

皮膚溫度追蹤功能可讓使用者透過穿戴式裝置或其他追蹤裝置，儲存及分享更準確的溫度資料。

訓練計畫是結構化的運動計畫，可協助使用者達成健身目標。訓練計畫支援各種完成和表現目標：

達成卡路里燃燒量目標， distance、duration、重複和步數。
成效目標重複次數 (AMRAP) 頻率、心率電源，體能率速度。

如要進一步瞭解 Android 中的 Health Connect 最新更新，請觀看 Google I/O 大會的透過 Android 健康資料建構可調整的體驗演講。

Android 15 支援應用程式畫面分享功能，因此使用者可以只分享或錄製應用程式視窗，而非整個裝置畫面。這項功能最初是在 Android 14 QPR2 中啟用，其中包含 MediaProjection 回呼，可讓應用程式自訂應用程式螢幕分享體驗。請注意，如果應用程式指定 Android 14 (API 級別 34) 以上版本，則每個 MediaProjection 擷取工作階段都需要使用者同意。

使用者體驗和系統 UI

Android 15 可讓應用程式開發人員和使用者進一步控管及彈性設定裝置，以符合自身需求。

如要進一步瞭解如何運用 Android 15 的最新改良功能，提升應用程式的使用者體驗，請觀看 Google I/O 的「改善 Android 應用程式的使用者體驗」演講。

使用 Generated Previews API 取得更豐富的小工具預覽畫面

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call `setWidgetPreview`

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

子母畫面

Android 15 introduces changes in Picture-in-Picture (PiP) ensuring an even smoother transition when entering into PiP mode. This will be beneficial for apps having UI elements overlaid on top of their main UI, which goes into PiP.

Developers use the onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to define logic that toggles the visibility of the overlaid UI elements. This callback is triggered when the PiP enter or exit animation is completed. Beginning in Android 15, the PictureInPictureUiState class includes another state.

With this UI state, apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) will observe the Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback being invoked with isTransitioningToPip() as soon as the PiP animation starts. There are many UI elements that are not relevant for the app when it is in PiP mode, for example views or layout that include information such as suggestions, upcoming video, ratings, and titles. When the app goes to PiP mode, use the onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged callback to hide these UI elements. When the app goes to full screen mode from the PiP window, use onPictureInPictureModeChanged callback to unhide these elements, as shown in the following examples:

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

This quick visibility toggle of irrelevant UI elements (for a PiP window) helps ensure a smoother and flicker-free PiP enter animation.

更完善的「零打擾」規則

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

為通知管道設定 VibrationEffect

Android 15 支援使用 NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect 為特定管道設定豐富的震動效果，讓使用者不必查看裝置，就能區分不同類型的通知。

媒體投影狀態列晶片和自動停止

媒體投影功能可能會揭露使用者的私人資訊。新的醒目狀態列方塊可讓使用者瞭解任何正在進行的螢幕投影作業。使用者可以輕觸方塊停止投放、分享或錄製螢幕畫面。此外，為了提供更直覺的使用者體驗，現在裝置螢幕鎖定時，任何進行中的螢幕投影作業都會自動停止。

大螢幕和板型規格

Android 15 可讓應用程式充分運用 Android 的板型規格，包括大螢幕、可翻轉和折疊式裝置。

改善大螢幕多工處理功能

Android 15 可讓使用者在大螢幕裝置上更妥善地進行多工處理。適用對象舉例來說，使用者可以儲存喜愛的分割畫面應用程式組合，以便快速，並將工作列固定在畫面上，即可快速切換應用程式。也就是說確保應用程式會自動調適，比以往更重要。

Google I/O 大會建構可自動調整的 Android 環境應用程式以及使用 Material 3 建構使用者介面自動調整程式庫這能幫助您，而我們的說明文件也更勝以往，能進一步協助您運用大型語言設計螢幕。

支援封面螢幕

應用程式可以宣告 Android 15 使用的屬性，讓 Application 或 Activity 顯示在支援翻轉裝置的小型封面螢幕上。這些螢幕太小，無法視為 Android 應用程式可執行的相容目標，但您的應用程式可以選擇支援這些螢幕，讓應用程式可在更多地方使用。

連線能力

Android 15 更新了平台，讓您的應用程式能使用通訊和無線技術的最新進展。

衛星支援

Android 15 持續擴大平台支援範圍，包括衛星連線，以及包含一些 UI 元素，確保衛星連線環境。

應用程式可以使用 ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() 執行下列操作：會偵測裝置是否與衛星連線可能無法使用完整網路服務的原因此外，Android 15 支援簡訊和多媒體訊息應用程式，以及預先載入的 RCS 應用程式可以收發訊息的衛星連線。

更流暢的 NFC 體驗

Android 15 正在努力讓輕觸付款體驗更流暢可靠，同時繼續支援 Android 強大的 NFC 應用程式生態系統。在支援的裝置上，應用程式可以要求 NfcAdapter 進入觀察模式，在該模式下，裝置會聆聽但不會回應 NFC 讀卡器，並傳送應用程式的 NFC 服務 PollingFrame 物件進行處理。PollingFrame 物件可用於在首次與 NFC 讀取器通訊前進行驗證，在許多情況下可支援單按鈕交易。

此外，應用程式可以在支援的裝置上註冊篩選器，以便在檢查迴圈活動發生時收到通知，進而與多個支援 NFC 的應用程式順利運作。

錢包角色

Android 15 introduces a Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.

The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.

This role is also used to determine where the Wallet Quick Access tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the Quick Access tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.

安全性

Android 15 可協助您提升應用程式安全性、保護應用程式資料，並讓使用者進一步瞭解及掌控自己的資料。如要進一步瞭解我們如何強化使用者防護措施，以及保護應用程式免於新威脅侵擾，請觀看 Google I/O 的這場演講。

整合 Credential Manager 與自動填入功能

Starting with Android 15, developers can link specific views like username or password fields with Credential Manager requests, making it easier to provide a tailored user experience during the sign-in process. When the user focuses on one of these views, a corresponding request is sent to Credential Manager. The resulting credentials are aggregated across providers and displayed in autofill fallback UIs, such as inline suggestions or drop-down suggestions. The Jetpack androidx.credentials library is the preferred endpoint for developers to use and will soon be available to further enhance this feature in Android 15 and higher.

整合單鍵註冊和登入功能與生物特徵辨識提示功能

Credential Manager integrates biometric prompts into the credential creation and sign-in processes, eliminating the need for providers to manage biometric prompts. As a result, credential providers only need to focus on the results of the create and get flows, augmented with the biometric flow result. This simplified process creates a more efficient and streamlined credential creation and retrieval process.

端對端加密的金鑰管理

我們在 Android 15 中推出 E2eeContactKeysManager，這項功能可提供 OS 層級 API 來儲存加密編譯公用金鑰，方便在 Android 應用程式中進行端對端加密 (E2EE)。

E2eeContactKeysManager 旨在整合平台聯絡人應用程式，為使用者提供集中式方式，管理及驗證聯絡人的公開金鑰。

內容 URI 的權限檢查

Android 15 推出一組 API，可針對內容 URI 執行權限檢查：

Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull：會對內容 URI 執行完整權限檢查。
Activity 資訊清單屬性 requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller：這會在活動啟動時，對提供的內容 URI 強制執行指定權限。
Activity 呼叫端的 ComponentCaller 類別：代表啟動活動的應用程式。

無障礙設定

Android 15 新增了多項功能，可提升使用者無障礙體驗。

更優質的點字體驗

In Android 15, we've made it possible for TalkBack to support Braille displays that are using the HID standard over both USB and secure Bluetooth.

This standard, much like the one used by mice and keyboards, will help Android support a wider range of Braille displays over time.

國際化

Android 15 新增了多項功能，可提升使用者在不同語言環境下的裝置使用體驗。

中日韓變數字型

Starting with Android 15, the font file for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages, NotoSansCJK, is now a variable font. Variable fonts open up possibilities for creative typography in CJK languages. Designers can explore a broader range of styles and create visually striking layouts that were previously difficult or impossible to achieve.

How the variable font for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages appears with different font widths.

字元間對齊

從 Android 15 開始，系統可根據字母間距，使用字母間距使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER。有多字的理由 Android 8.0 (API 級別 26) 首次推出的功能，以及跨字元對於使用空白字元做為區隔，例如中文、日文等。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE 設定日文內容的版面配置。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE 設定英文內容的版面配置。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD 設定日文內容的版面配置。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD 的英文文字版面配置。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER 的日文文字版面配置。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER 為英文內容的版面配置。

自動換行設定

Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text. In Android 15, apps can apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.

For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, as shown in the following image:

For short lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies phrase-based line breaks to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE`.

For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO uses a no line-break word style, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, as shown in the following image:

For long lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies no line-break word style to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE`.

額外日文變體假名字型

In Android 15, a font file for old Japanese Hiragana (known as Hentaigana) is bundled by default. The unique shapes of Hentaigana characters can add a distinctive flair to artwork or design while also helping to preserve accurate transmission and understanding of ancient Japanese documents.

Character and text style for the Japanese Hentaigana font.

Vulkan 和 Vulkan 標誌是 Khronos Group Inc.的註冊商標。

OpenGL 是註冊商標，OpenGL ES 標誌則是 Hewlett Packard Enterprise 的商標，已獲 Khronos 使用許可。

功能與 API 總覽 透過集合功能整理內容 你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。

相機和媒體

低光源增強

應用程式內攝影機控制選項

HDR 動態範圍控制

音量控制

虛擬 MIDI 2.0 裝置

更有效率的 AV1 軟體解碼

開發人員工作效率和工具

OpenJDK 17 更新

PDF 改善項目

自動切換語言的改良功能

改良 OpenType 變數字型 API

Kotlin

Java

Kotlin

Java

精細的換行符號控制

封存應用程式

使用開發人員選項在裝置上啟用 16 KB 模式

圖形

更新 Android 的 GPU 存取權

Android ANGLE 的 Vulkan 時程表

建議採取的後續步驟

畫布改善項目

效能和電池

ApplicationStartInfo API

應用程式大小詳細資訊

應用程式管理的剖析

SQLite 資料庫改善項目

Android 動態效能架構更新

隱私權

螢幕錄影偵測

擴充 IntentFilter 功能

私人空間

查詢「所選相片存取權」的最新使用者選取項目

Kotlin

Java

Android 版 Privacy Sandbox

Health Connect

應用程式分享螢幕畫面

使用者體驗和系統 UI

使用 Generated Previews API 取得更豐富的小工具預覽畫面

Push API

When to call setWidgetPreview

子母畫面

更完善的「零打擾」規則

為通知管道設定 VibrationEffect

媒體投影狀態列晶片和自動停止

大螢幕和板型規格

改善大螢幕多工處理功能

支援封面螢幕

連線能力

衛星支援

更流暢的 NFC 體驗

錢包角色

安全性

整合 Credential Manager 與自動填入功能

整合單鍵註冊和登入功能與生物特徵辨識提示功能

端對端加密的金鑰管理

內容 URI 的權限檢查

無障礙設定

更優質的點字體驗

國際化

中日韓變數字型

字元間對齊

自動換行設定

額外日文變體假名字型

功能與 API 總覽

When to call `setWidgetPreview`