Verhaltensänderungen: alle Apps

Die Android 17-Plattform umfasst Verhaltensänderungen, die sich auf Ihre App auswirken können. Die folgenden Verhaltensänderungen gelten für alle Apps, wenn sie unter Android 17 ausgeführt werden, unabhängig von targetSdkVersion. Sie sollten Ihre App testen und sie bei Bedarf an diese Änderungen anpassen.

Sehen Sie sich auch die Liste der Verhaltensänderungen an, die sich nur auf Apps auswirken, die auf Android 17 ausgerichtet sind.

Hauptfunktion

Android 17 (API‑Level 37) enthält die folgenden Änderungen, die verschiedene Kernfunktionen des Android-Systems modifizieren oder erweitern.

App-Arbeitsspeicherlimits

Android 17 introduces app memory limits based on the device's total RAM to create a more stable and deterministic environment for your applications and Android users. In Android 17, limits are set conservatively to establish system baselines, targeting extreme memory leaks and other outliers before they trigger system-wide instability resulting in UI stuttering, higher battery drain, and apps being killed. While we anticipate minimal impact on the vast majority of app sessions, we recommend the following memory best practices, including establishing a baseline for memory.

You can determine if your app session was impacted by calling getDescription in ApplicationExitInfo; if your app was affected, the exit reason will be REASON_OTHER and the description will contain the string "MemoryLimiter:AnonSwap" along with other information. You can also use trigger-based profiling with TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY to get heap dumps that are collected when the memory limit is hit.

The Manage your app's memory documentation gives information to help you diagnose your app's memory issues and optimize its resource consumption.

Test your app's behavior under the memory constraints

You can use Android Debug Bridge (adb) to adjust or disable the memory limits on any device that imposes them. The shell command am provides three subcommands to adjust the memory limits. (These commands have no effect on a device which does not impose memory limits.)

• am memory-limiter ignore <uid>|none|all
• am memory-limiter manual <pid> <limit>|max|none
• am memory-limiter status

ignore

Instructs the memory limiter to ignore some or all processes. Passing a UID instructs the memory limiter to ignore all processes associated with that UID. You can also pass all (ignore all processes) or none (do not ignore any processes). Passing none overrides any previous calls to am memory-limiter ignore.

If you instruct the memory limiter to ignore a process, you can still apply a manual memory limit to the process by calling am memory-limiter manual.

manual

Instructs the system to impose a memory constraint on the process with the specified PID. The memory constraint is specified as an integer number of MB; for example, passing 30 specifies that the process is limited to 30 MB of memory. Passing max removes all memory limits on that process. Passing none removes any manual limits set on the process, restoring the system's default limit (if any).

status

Reports the current status of the memory limiter. The status includes the memory limits imposed on visible and non-visible processes.

Datenschutz

Android 17 enthält die folgenden Änderungen zur Verbesserung des Datenschutzes für Nutzer.

SMS-OTP-Schutz

Beginning with Android 17, Android is expanding its protection for SMS messages containing one-time passwords (OTP).

In previous versions of Android, this protection was primarily focused on the SMS Retriever format. Delivery of messages containing an SMS retriever hash was delayed for most apps for three hours. However, certain certain apps (like the default SMS handler) were exempt from the delay, and the app that owned the hash was also exempted.

Beginning with Android 17, the protection is also applied to WebOTP format messages. If an app has permission to read SMS messages but is not the intended recipient of a WebOTP message (as determined by domain verification), the message is not accessible to the app until three hours after the message's receipt. This change is intended to improve user security by ensuring that only apps associated with the domain mentioned in the message can programmatically read the verification code.

During this three hour delay, the SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION broadcast is withheld and SMS provider database queries are filtered. The SMS message is available to these apps after the delay. This change applies to all apps, regardless of their target API level.

Certain apps such as the default SMS assistant app, connected device companion apps, etc., are exempted from this delay. All apps that rely on reading SMS messages for OTP extraction should transition to using SMS Retriever or SMS User Consent APIs to ensure continued functionality.

Sicherheit

Android 17 bietet die folgenden Verbesserungen für die Geräte- und App-Sicherheit.

Einstellungszeitplan für usesClearTraffic

In einer zukünftigen Version planen wir, das usesCleartextTraffic-Element einzustellen. Apps, die unverschlüsselte (HTTP-)Verbindungen herstellen müssen, sollten auf die Verwendung einer Netzwerksicherheitskonfigurationsdatei umgestellt werden. Damit können Sie angeben, zu welchen Domains Ihre App Klartextverbindungen herstellen muss.

Beachten Sie, dass Dateien zur Netzwerksicherheitskonfiguration nur auf API-Ebenen 24 und höher unterstützt werden. Wenn das Mindest-API-Level Ihrer App niedriger als 24 ist, sollten Sie beides tun:

• Setzen Sie das Attribut usesCleartextTraffic auf true.
• Netzwerkkonfigurationsdatei verwenden

Wenn das Mindest-API-Level Ihrer App 24 oder höher ist, können Sie eine Netzwerkkonfigurationsdatei verwenden und müssen usesCleartextTraffic nicht festlegen.

Implizite URI-Gewährungen einschränken

Currently, if an app launches an intent with a URI that has the action ACTION_SEND, SEND_MULTIPLE, or ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE, the system automatically grants the read and write URI permissions to the target app. We plan to change this behavior in Android 18. For this reason, we recommend that apps explicitly grant the relevant URI permissions instead of relying on the system to grant them.

Schlüsselspeicher-Limits pro App

Apps should avoid creating excessive numbers of keys in Android Keystore, because it is a shared resource for all apps on the device. Beginning with Android 17, the system enforces a limit on the number of keys an app can own. The limit is 50,000 keys for non-system apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, and 200,000 keys for all other apps. System apps have a limit of 200,000 keys, regardless of which API level they target.

If an app attempts to create keys beyond the limit, the creation fails with a KeyStoreException. The exception's message string contains information about the key limit. If the app calls getNumericErrorCode() on the exception, the return value depends on what API level the app targets:

• Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher: getNumericErrorCode() returns the new ERROR_TOO_MANY_KEYS value.
• All other apps: getNumericErrorCode() returns ERROR_INCORRECT_USAGE.

Profilübergreifenden Loopback-Traffic blockieren

Ab Android 17 ist Loopback-Traffic zwischen Profilen standardmäßig nicht mehr zulässig. Loopback-Traffic innerhalb desselben Profils ist davon nicht betroffen. Diese Änderung gilt für alle Apps, die unter Android 17 oder höher ausgeführt werden, unabhängig davon, auf welches API-Level die App ausgerichtet ist.

Nutzererfahrung und System-UI

Android 17 enthält die folgenden Änderungen, die für eine einheitlichere, intuitive Nutzererfahrung sorgen sollen.

Standard-IME-Sichtbarkeit nach Drehung wiederherstellen

Beginning with Android 17, when the device's configuration changes (for example, through rotation), and this is not handled by the app itself, the previous IME visibility is not restored.

If your app undergoes a configuration change that it does not handle, and the app needs the keyboard to be visible after the change, you must explicitly request this. You can make this request in one of the following ways:

• Set the android:windowSoftInputMode attribute to stateAlwaysVisible.
• Programmatically request the soft keyboard in your activity's onCreate() method, or add the onConfigurationChanged() method.

Menschliche Eingabe

Android 17 enthält die folgenden Änderungen, die sich darauf auswirken, wie Apps mit Eingabegeräten wie Tastaturen und Touchpads interagieren.

Touchpads liefern standardmäßig relative Ereignisse während der Zeigererfassung

Ab Android 17 erkennt das System, wenn eine App mit View.requestPointerCapture() die Zeigererfassung anfordert und der Nutzer ein Touchpad verwendet, die Zeigerbewegungen und Scrollgesten, die durch die Berührungen des Nutzers entstehen, und meldet sie der App auf dieselbe Weise wie Zeiger- und Mausradbewegungen einer erfassten Maus. In den meisten Fällen müssen Apps, die erfasste Mäuse unterstützen, daher keine spezielle Logik für Touchpads hinzufügen. Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der Dokumentation zu View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_RELATIVE.

Bisher hat das System nicht versucht, Gesten vom Touchpad zu erkennen, sondern die rohen, absoluten Fingerpositionen in einem ähnlichen Format wie bei Touchscreen-Berührungen an die App gesendet. Wenn eine App diese absoluten Daten weiterhin benötigt, sollte sie stattdessen die neue Methode View.requestPointerCapture(int) mit View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_ABSOLUTE aufrufen.

Medien

Android 17 enthält die folgenden Änderungen am Media-Verhalten.

Härtung von Audio im Hintergrund

Beginning with Android 17, the audio framework enforces restrictions on background audio interactions including audio playback, audio focus requests, and volume change APIs to ensure that these changes are started intentionally by the user.

If the app tries to call audio APIs while the app is not in a valid lifecycle, the audio playback and volume change APIs fail silently without throwing an exception or providing a failure message. The audio focus API fails with the result code AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see Background audio hardening.

Konnektivität

Android 17 enthält die folgenden Änderungen zur Verbesserung der Gerätekonnektivität.

Autonome Neukopplung bei Verlust der Bluetooth-Bindung

Android 17 introduces autonomous re-pairing, a system-level enhancement designed to automatically resolve Bluetooth bond loss.

Previously, if a bond was lost, users had to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and then re-pair the peripheral. This feature builds upon the security improvement of Android 16 by allowing the system to re-establish bonds in the background without requiring users to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and re-pair peripherals.

While most apps will not require code changes, developers should be aware of the following behavior changes in Bluetooth stack:

• New pairing context: The ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST now includes the EXTRA_PAIRING_CONTEXT extra which allows apps to distinguish between a standard pairing request and an autonomous system-initiated re-pairing attempt.
• Conditional key updates: Existing security keys will only be replaced if the re-pairing is successful and new connection meets or exceeds the security level of the previous bond.
• Modified intent timing: The ACTION_KEY_MISSING intent is now broadcast only if the autonomous re-pairing attempt fails. This reduces unnecessary error handling in the app if the system successfully recovers the bond in the background.
• User notification: The system manages re-pairing via new UI notifications and dialogs. Users will be prompted to confirm the re-pairing attempt to ensure they are aware of the reconnection.

Peripheral device manufacturers and companion app developers should verify that hardware and app gracefully handle bond transitions. To test this behavior, simulate a remote bond loss using either of the following methods:

• Manually remove the bond information from the peripheral device
• Manually unpair the device in: Settings > Connected devices