שינויים בהתנהגות: כל האפליקציות

פלטפורמת Android 17 כוללת שינויים בהתנהגות שעשויים להשפיע על האפליקציה שלכם. שינויי ההתנהגות הבאים רלוונטיים לכל האפליקציות כשהן פועלות ב-Android 17, בלי קשר ל-targetSdkVersion. מומלץ לבדוק את האפליקציה ולשנות אותה לפי הצורך כדי לתמוך בשינויים האלה, במקרים הרלוונטיים.

חשוב גם לעיין ברשימת השינויים בהתנהגות שמשפיעים רק על אפליקציות שמטרגטות ל-Android 17.

פונקציונליות עיקרית

‫Android 17 (‏API ברמה 37) כוללת את השינויים הבאים, שמשנים או מרחיבים יכולות ליבה שונות של מערכת Android.

מגבלות זיכרון באפליקציות

Android 17 introduces app memory limits based on the device's total RAM to create a more stable and deterministic environment for your apps and Android users. In Android 17, limits are set conservatively to establish system baselines, targeting extreme memory leaks and other outliers before they trigger system-wide instability resulting in UI stuttering, higher battery drain, and apps being killed. While we anticipate minimal impact on the vast majority of app sessions, we recommend the following memory best practices, including establishing a baseline for memory.

You can determine if your app session was impacted by calling getDescription in ApplicationExitInfo; if your app was affected, the exit reason will be REASON_OTHER and the description will contain the string "MemoryLimiter:AnonSwap" along with other information. You can also use trigger-based profiling with TRIGGER_TYPE_ANOMALY to get heap dumps that are collected when the memory limit is hit.

The Manage your app's memory documentation gives information to help you diagnose your app's memory issues and optimize its resource consumption.

Test your app's behavior under the memory constraints

You can use Android Debug Bridge (adb) to adjust or disable the memory limits on any device that imposes them. The shell command am provides three subcommands to adjust the memory limits. (These commands have no effect on a device which does not impose memory limits.)

  • am memory-limiter ignore <uid>|none|all
  • am memory-limiter manual <pid> <limit>|max|none
  • am memory-limiter status
ignore

Instructs the memory limiter to ignore some or all processes. Passing a UID (Android User ID) instructs the memory limiter to ignore enforcement on all processes associated with that UID. You can also pass all (ignore all apps) or none (do not ignore any apps). Passing none overrides any previous calls to am memory-limiter ignore.

If you instruct the memory limiter to ignore a UID, you can still apply a manual memory limit to a process within the app by calling am memory-limiter manual.

manual

Instructs the system to impose a memory constraint on the process with the specified PID (Process ID). The memory constraint is specified as an integer number of MB; for example, passing 30 specifies that the process is limited to 30 MB of memory. Passing max removes all memory limits on that process. Passing none removes any manual limits set on the process, restoring the system's default limit (if any).

status

Reports the current status of the memory limiter. The status includes the memory limits imposed on visible and non-visible processes.

פרטיות

‫Android 17 כוללת את השינויים הבאים לשיפור פרטיות המשתמשים.

הגנה על OTP ב-SMS

Beginning with Android 17, Android is expanding its protection for SMS messages containing one-time passwords (OTP).

In previous versions of Android, this protection was primarily focused on the SMS Retriever format. Delivery of messages containing an SMS retriever hash was delayed for most apps for three hours. However, certain apps (like the default SMS handler) were exempt from the delay, and the app that owned the hash was also exempted.

Beginning with Android 17, the protection is also applied to WebOTP format messages. If an app has permission to read SMS messages but is not the intended recipient of a WebOTP message (as determined by domain verification), the message is not accessible to the app until three hours after the message's receipt. This change is intended to improve user security by ensuring that only apps associated with the domain mentioned in the message can programmatically read the verification code.

During this three hour delay, the SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION broadcast is withheld and SMS provider database queries are filtered. The SMS message is available to these apps after the delay. This change applies to all apps, regardless of their target API level.

Certain apps such as the default SMS assistant app, connected device companion apps, etc., are exempted from this delay. All apps that rely on reading SMS messages for OTP extraction should transition to using SMS Retriever or SMS User Consent APIs to ensure continued functionality.

אבטחה

‫Android 17 כולל את השיפורים הבאים באבטחת המכשיר והאפליקציות.

תוכנית להוצאה משימוש של usesClearTraffic

In a future release, we plan to deprecate the usesCleartextTraffic element. Apps that need to make unencrypted (HTTP) connections should migrate to using a network security configuration file, which lets you specify which domains your app needs to make cleartext connections to.

Be aware that network security configuration files are only supported on API levels 24 and higher. If your app has a minimum API level lower than 24, you should do both of the following:

  • Set the usesCleartextTraffic attribute to true
  • Use a network configuration file

If your app's minimum API level is 24 or higher, you can use a network configuration file and you don't need to set usesCleartextTraffic.

הגבלת הרשאות URI משתמעות

Currently, if an app launches an intent with a URI that has the action ACTION_SEND, ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE, or ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE, the system automatically grants the read and write URI permissions to the target app. Starting in Android 18, the system will no longer automatically grant these permissions. For this reason, we recommend that apps explicitly grant the relevant URI permissions instead of relying on the system to grant them.

To detect the usage of these intents in your app, use StrictMode with detectImplicitUriPermissionGrant() to trigger a violation:

Kotlin

val policy = StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder()
    .detectImplicitUriPermissionGrant()
    .penaltyLog()
    .build()
StrictMode.setVmPolicy(policy)

Java

StrictMode.VmPolicy policy = new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder()
    .detectImplicitUriPermissionGrant()
    .penaltyLog()
    .build();
StrictMode.setVmPolicy(policy);

Alternatively, you can monitor for logged exceptions containing the message Please set the grant explicitly in the app that appears when system implicitly sets the grant. You can monitor for these logs using the following adb command:

adb logcat | grep "Please set the grant explicitly in the app"

To explicitly grant the necessary permissions, add the FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION flag to ACTION_SEND and ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE intents:

Kotlin

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)

Java

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);

Include both FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION and FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION flags for ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE intents:

Kotlin

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION)

Java

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);

מגבלות על חנות מפתחות לכל אפליקציה

Apps should avoid creating excessive numbers of keys in Android Keystore, because it is a shared resource for all apps on the device. Beginning with Android 17, the system enforces a limit on the number of keys an app can own. The limit is 50,000 keys for non-system apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, and 200,000 keys for all other apps. System apps have a limit of 200,000 keys, regardless of which API level they target.

If an app attempts to create keys beyond the limit, the creation fails with a KeyStoreException. The exception's message string contains information about the key limit. If the app calls getNumericErrorCode() on the exception, the return value depends on what API level the app targets:

  • Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher: getNumericErrorCode() returns the new ERROR_TOO_MANY_KEYS value.
  • All other apps: getNumericErrorCode() returns ERROR_INCORRECT_USAGE.

חסימה של תנועת גולשים בלולאה חוזרת (loopback) בין פרופילים

החל מ-Android 17, תנועת לולאה חוזרת בין פרופילים לא מותרת יותר כברירת מחדל. השינוי לא משפיע על תנועת Loopback באותו פרופיל. השינוי הזה חל על כל האפליקציות שפועלות ב-Android 17 ואילך, ללא קשר לרמת ה-API שהאפליקציה מטרגטת.

חוויית המשתמש וממשק המשתמש של המערכת

‫Android 17 כוללת את השינויים הבאים, שנועדו ליצור חוויית משתמש עקבית ואינטואיטיבית יותר.

שחזור ברירת המחדל של חשיפת ה-IME אחרי סיבוב

החל מ-Android 17, כשמתרחשים שינויים בהגדרות המכשיר (לדוגמה, סיבוב), והאפליקציה לא מטפלת בשינויים האלה בעצמה, מצב החשיפה הקודם של ה-IME לא משוחזר.

אם האפליקציה עוברת שינוי בהגדרות שהיא לא מטפלת בו, והיא צריכה שהמקלדת תהיה גלויה אחרי השינוי, צריך לבקש זאת באופן מפורש. אפשר לשלוח את הבקשה באחת מהדרכים הבאות:

  • מגדירים את המאפיין android:windowSoftInputMode לערך stateAlwaysVisible.
  • מבקשים באופן פרוגרמטי את המקלדת הווירטואלית ב-method onCreate() של הפעילות, או מוסיפים את ה-method onConfigurationChanged().

קלט אנושי

‫Android 17 כוללת את השינויים הבאים שמשפיעים על האינטראקציה של אפליקציות עם מכשירי קלט אנושיים כמו מקלדות ומשטחי מגע.

משטחי מגע מספקים אירועים יחסיים כברירת מחדל במהלך לכידת מצביע

Beginning with Android 17, if an app requests pointer capture using View.requestPointerCapture() and the user uses a touchpad, the system recognizes pointer movement and scrolling gestures from the user's touches and reports them to the app in the same way as pointer and scroll wheel movements from a captured mouse. In most cases, this removes the need for apps that support captured mice to add special handling logic for touchpads. For more details, see the documentation for View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_RELATIVE.

Previously, the system did not attempt to recognize gestures from the touchpad, and instead delivered the raw, absolute finger locations to the app in a similar format to touchscreen touches. If an app still requires this absolute data, it should call the new View.requestPointerCapture(int) method with View.POINTER_CAPTURE_MODE_ABSOLUTE instead.

מדיה

‫Android 17 כוללת את השינויים הבאים בהתנהגות של מדיה.

הגברת האבטחה של אודיו ברקע

Beginning with Android 17, the audio framework enforces restrictions on background audio interactions including audio playback, audio focus requests, and volume change APIs to ensure that these changes are started intentionally by the user.

If the app tries to call audio APIs while the app is not in a valid lifecycle, the audio playback and volume change APIs fail silently without throwing an exception or providing a failure message. The audio focus API fails with the result code AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see Background audio hardening.

קישוריות

‫Android 17 כוללת את השינויים הבאים לשיפור הקישוריות של המכשיר.

התאמה אוטונומית מחדש במקרה של אובדן קישוריות Bluetooth

Android 17 introduces autonomous re-pairing, a system-level enhancement designed to automatically resolve Bluetooth bond loss.

Previously, if a bond was lost, users had to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and then re-pair the peripheral. This feature builds upon the security improvement of Android 16 by allowing the system to re-establish bonds in the background without requiring users to manually navigate to Settings to unpair and re-pair peripherals.

While most apps will not require code changes, developers should be aware of the following behavior changes in Bluetooth stack:

  • New pairing context: The ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST now includes the EXTRA_PAIRING_CONTEXT extra which allows apps to distinguish between a standard pairing request and an autonomous system-initiated re-pairing attempt.
  • Conditional key updates: Existing security keys will only be replaced if the re-pairing is successful and new connection meets or exceeds the security level of the previous bond.
  • Modified intent timing: The ACTION_KEY_MISSING intent is now broadcast only if the autonomous re-pairing attempt fails. This reduces unnecessary error handling in the app if the system successfully recovers the bond in the background.
  • User notification: The system manages re-pairing via new UI notifications and dialogs. Users will be prompted to confirm the re-pairing attempt to ensure they are aware of the reconnection.

Peripheral device manufacturers and companion app developers should verify that hardware and app gracefully handle bond transitions. To test this behavior, simulate a remote bond loss using either of the following methods:

  • Manually remove the bond information from the peripheral device
  • Manually unpair the device in: Settings > Connected devices