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動作の変更点: Android 17 以上をターゲットとするアプリ

これまでのリリースと同様、Android 17 には、アプリに影響する可能性がある動作変更が含まれています。下記の動作変更は、Android 17 以上をターゲットとするアプリにのみ適用されます。アプリが Android 17 以上をターゲットとする場合は、必要に応じてアプリを変更し、下記の動作に適切に対応できるようにしてください。

アプリの targetSdkVersion に関係なく、Android 17 で実行されるすべてのアプリに影響する動作変更のリストも必ずご確認ください。

コア機能

Android 17 には、Android システムのさまざまなコア機能を変更または拡張する以下の変更が含まれています。

MessageQueue の新しいロックフリー実装

Android 17 以降、Android 17（API レベル 37）以上をターゲットとするアプリは、android.os.MessageQueue の新しいロックフリー実装を受け取ります。新しい実装ではパフォーマンスが向上し、フレーム落ちが減少しますが、MessageQueue のプライベートフィールドとメソッドを反映するクライアントが破損する可能性があります。

軽減策など、詳しくは、MessageQueue の動作変更に関するガイダンスをご覧ください。

static final フィールドが変更不可になった

Apps running on Android 17 or higher that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher cannot change static final fields. If an app attempts to change a static final field by using reflection, it will cause an IllegalAccessException. Attempting to modify one of these fields through JNI APIs (such as SetStaticLongField()) will cause the app to crash.

ユーザー補助

Android 17 では、ユーザー補助を改善するために以下の変更が行われています。

This feature introduces new AccessibilityEvent and TextAttribute APIs to enhance screen reader spoken feedback for CJKV language input. CJKV IME apps can now signal whether a text conversion candidate has been selected during text composition. Apps with edit fields can specify text change types when sending text changed accessibility events. For example, apps can specify that a text change occurred during text composition, or that a text change resulted from a commit. Doing this enables accessibility services such as screen readers to deliver more precise feedback based on the nature of the text modification.

App adoption

IME Apps: When setting composing text in edit fields, IMEs can use TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected() to indicate whether a specific conversion candidate was selected.
Apps with Edit Fields: Apps that maintain a custom InputConnection can retrieve candidate selection data by calling TextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected(). These apps should then call AccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes() when dispatching TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events. Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) that use the standard TextView will have this feature enabled by default. (That is, TextView will handle retrieving data from the IME and setting text change types when sending events to accessibility services).
Accessibility Services: Accessibility services that process TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events can call AccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes() to identify the nature of the modification and adjust their feedback strategies accordingly.

プライバシー

Android 17 には、ユーザーのプライバシーを強化するために以下の変更が含まれています。

ECH（Encrypted Client Hello）が有効になった

Android 17 introduces platform support for Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), a TLS extension that enhances user privacy by encrypting the Server Name Indication (SNI) in the TLS handshake. This encryption helps prevent network observers from easily identifying the specific domain your app is connecting to.

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, ECH is used for TLS connections. ECH is active only if the networking library used by the app (for example, HttpEngine, WebView, or OkHttp) has integrated ECH support and the remote server also supports the ECH protocol. If ECH cannot be negotiated, the client sends an ECH extension with randomized contents (a mechanism called ECH GREASE). See RFC 9849 for more details on how ECH GREASE works.

To allow apps to customize this behavior, Android 17 adds a new <domainEncryption> element to the Network Security Configuration file. Developers can use <domainEncryption> within <base-config> or <domain-config> tags to select an ECH mode (for example, "enabled" or "disabled") on a global or per-domain basis.

For more information, see the Encrypted Client Hello documentation.

Android 17 をターゲットとするアプリにはローカルネットワーク権限が必要

Android 17 introduces the ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK runtime permission to protect users from unauthorized local network access. Because this falls under the existing NEARBY_DEVICES permission group, users who have already granted other NEARBY_DEVICES permissions aren't prompted again. This new requirement prevents malicious apps from exploiting unrestricted local network access for covert user tracking and fingerprinting. By declaring and requesting this permission, your app can discover and connect to devices on the local area network (LAN), such as smart home devices or casting receivers.

Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher now have two paths to maintain communication with LAN devices: Adopt system-mediated, privacy-preserving device pickers to skip the permission prompt, or explicitly request this new permission at runtime to maintain local network communication.

For more information, see the Local network permission documentation.

物理デバイスからパスワードを非表示にする

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher and the user is using a physical input device (for example, an external keyboard), the Android operating system applies the new show_passwords_physical setting to all characters in the password field. By default, that setting hides all password characters.

The Android system shows the last-typed password character to help the user see if they mistyped the password. However, this is much less necessary with larger external keyboards. In addition, devices with external keyboards often have larger displays, which increases the danger of someone seeing the typed password.

If the user is using the device's touchscreen, the system applies the new show_passwords_touch setting.

標準 SMS メッセージの OTP 保護

Android 17 以降、Android は SMS OTP 保護を拡張し、標準の SMS メッセージ（WebOTP または SMS Retriever 形式を使用しない OTP を含む SMS メッセージ）に適用します。Android 17（API レベル 37）以上をターゲットとするほとんどのアプリでは、これらの SMS メッセージは受信後 3 時間経過するまで利用できません。この遅延は、OTP のハイジャックを防ぐことを目的としています。3 時間の遅延の間、 SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION ブロードキャストは保留され、 SMS プロバイダデータベースクエリはフィルタリングされます。遅延後、これらのアプリで SMS メッセージを利用できるようになります。

デフォルトの SMS アシスタントアプリやコネクテッドデバイスコンパニオンアプリなど、一部のアプリは、この遅延の対象外です。OTP 抽出のために SMS メッセージの読み取りに依存するすべてのアプリは、引き続き機能するように、SMS Retriever API または SMS ユーザー同意 API を使用するように移行する必要があります。

セキュリティ

Android 17 では、デバイスとアプリのセキュリティが次のように改善されています。

アクティビティのセキュリティ

In Android 17, the platform continues its shift toward a "secure-by-default" architecture, introducing a suite of enhancements designed to mitigate high-severity exploits such as phishing, interaction hijacking, and confused deputy attacks. This update requires developers to explicitly opt in to new security standards to maintain app compatibility and user protection.

Key impacts for developers include:

BAL hardening & improved opt-in: We are refining Background Activity Launch (BAL) restrictions by extending protections to IntentSender. Developers must migrate away from the legacy MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED constant. Instead, you should adopt granular controls like MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE, which restricts activity starts to scenarios where the calling app is visible, significantly reducing the attack surface.
Adoption tools: Developers should utilize strict mode and updated lint checks to identify legacy patterns and ensure readiness for future target SDK requirements.

CT をデフォルトで有効にする

アプリが Android 17（API レベル 37）以上をターゲットとしている場合、証明書の透明性（CT）はデフォルトで有効になっています。（Android 16 では CT は利用可能ですが、アプリはオプトインする必要があります）。

より安全なネイティブ DCL - C

If your app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the Safer Dynamic Code Loading (DCL) protection introduced in Android 14 for DEX and JAR files now extends to native libraries.

All native files loaded using System.load() must be marked as read-only. Otherwise, the system throws UnsatisfiedLinkError.

We recommend that apps avoid dynamically loading code whenever possible, as doing so greatly increases the risk that an app can be compromised by code injection or code tampering.

CP2 データビューで機密データのフィールドを制限する

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) restricts certain columns containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from the data view. When this change is enabled, these columns are removed from the data view to enhance user privacy. The restricted columns include:

Apps that are using these columns from ContactsContract.Data can extract them from ContactsContract.RawContacts instead, by joining with RAW_CONTACT_ID.

CP2 で厳格な SQL チェックを適用する

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) enforces strict SQL query validation when the ContactsContract.Data table is accessed without READ_CONTACTS permission.

With this change, if an app doesn't have READ_CONTACTS permission, StrictColumns and StrictGrammar options are set when querying the ContactsContract.Data table. If a query uses a pattern that isn't compatible with these, it will be rejected and cause an exception to be thrown.

メディア

Android 17 には、メディアの動作に関する以下の変更が含まれています。

バックグラウンドオーディオの強化

Beginning with Android 17, the audio framework enforces restrictions on background audio interactions including audio playback, audio focus requests, and volume change APIs to ensure that these changes are started intentionally by the user.

Some audio restrictions apply to all apps. However, the restrictions are more stringent if an app targets Android 17 (API level 37). If one of these apps interacts with audio while it is in the background, it must have a foreground service running. In addition, the app must meet one or both of these requirements:

The foreground service must have while-in-use (WIU) capabilities.
The app must have the exact alarm permission and be interacting with USAGE_ALARM audio streams.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see Background audio hardening.

デバイスのフォームファクタ

Android 17 には、さまざまなデバイスサイズとフォームファクタでユーザーエクスペリエンスを向上させるための以下の変更が含まれています。

大画面（画面幅 600 dp 以上）での画面の向き、サイズ変更、アスペクト比の制約を無視するためのプラットフォーム API の変更

We introduced Platform API changes in Android 16 to ignore orientation, aspect ratio, and resizability restrictions on large screens (sw >= 600dp) for apps targeting API level 36 or higher. Developers have the option to opt out of these changes with SDK 36, but this opt-out will no longer be available for apps that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher.

For more information, see Restrictions on orientation and resizability are ignored.

接続

Android 17 では、一貫性を高め、Bluetooth RFCOMM ソケットの標準 Java InputStream 動作に合わせるために、以下の変更が導入されています。

RFCOMM の BluetoothSocket read() 動作の一貫性

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37), the read() method of the InputStream obtained from an RFCOMM-based BluetoothSocket now returns -1 when the socket is closed or the connection is dropped.

This change makes RFCOMM socket behavior consistent with LE CoC sockets and aligns with the standard InputStream.read() documentation, which states that -1 is returned when the end of the stream is reached.

Apps that rely solely on catching an IOException to break out of a read loop may be impacted by this change and should update the BluetoothSocket read loops to explicitly check for a return value of -1. This ensures the loop terminates correctly when the remote device disconnects or the socket is closed. For an example of the recommended implementation, see the code snippet in the Transfer Bluetooth data guide.