Panoramica delle funzionalità e delle API

Android 14 introduce fantastiche funzionalità e API per gli sviluppatori. Le seguenti risorse ti aiutano a scoprire le funzionalità delle tue app e a iniziare a utilizzare le API correlate.

Per un elenco dettagliato delle API aggiunte, modificate e rimosse, consulta il report API diff. Per informazioni dettagliate sulle API aggiunte, visita la documentazione di riferimento delle API Android. Per Android 14, cerca le API aggiunte nel livello API 34. Per scoprire le aree in cui le modifiche alla piattaforma potrebbero influire sulle tue app, assicurati di consultare le modifiche al comportamento di Android 14 per le app che hanno come target Android 14 e per tutte le app.

Internazionalizzazione

Lingua preferita nelle app

Android 14 espande le funzionalità per lingua per app introdotte in Android 13 (livello API 33) con le seguenti funzionalità aggiuntive:

  • Genera automaticamente il localeConfig di un'app: a partire da Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 e AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, puoi configurare l'app in modo che supporti automaticamente le preferenze per le lingue per app. In base alle risorse del progetto, il plug-in Android per Gradle genera il file LocaleConfig e aggiunge un riferimento al file manifest finale, quindi non devi più creare o aggiornare il file manualmente. AGP utilizza le risorse nelle cartelle res dei moduli dell'app e eventuali dipendenze dei moduli della libreria per determinare le lingue da includere nel file LocaleConfig.

  • Aggiornamenti dinamici per il localeConfig di un'app: utilizza i metodi setOverrideLocaleConfig() e getOverrideLocaleConfig() in LocaleManager per aggiornare dinamicamente l'elenco delle lingue supportate della tua app nelle impostazioni di sistema del dispositivo. Utilizza questa flessibilità per personalizzare l'elenco delle lingue supportate per regione, eseguire esperimenti A/B o fornire un elenco aggiornato delle impostazioni internazionali se la tua app utilizza i push lato server per la localizzazione.

  • Visibilità della lingua dell'app per gli editor di metodi di immissione (IME): gli IME possono utilizzare il metodo getApplicationLocales() per controllare la lingua dell'app corrente e associare la lingua dell'IME a quella lingua.

API Grammatical Inflection

Tre miliardi di persone parlano lingue con genere: lingue in cui le categorie grammaticali, come nomi, verbi, aggettivi e preposizioni, si declinano in base al genere delle persone e degli oggetti di cui parli o a cui ti riferisci. Tradizionalmente, molte lingue con genere grammaticale utilizzano il genere grammaticale maschile come genere predefinito o generico.

Rivolgersi agli utenti con il genere grammaticale sbagliato, ad esempio alle donne con il genere grammaticale maschile, può influire negativamente sul loro rendimento e sul loro atteggiamento. Al contrario, un'interfaccia utente con un linguaggio che riflette correttamente il genere grammaticale dell'utente può migliorare il coinvolgimento dell'utente e offrire un'esperienza utente più personalizzata e dal suono naturale.

To help you build a user-centric UI for gendered languages, Android 14 introduces the Grammatical Inflection API, which lets you add support for grammatical gender without refactoring your app.

Preferenze regionali

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Accessibilità

Ridimensionamento non lineare dei caratteri fino al 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing users with additional accessibility options.

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

Enable the maximum font size in a device's accessibility settings to test your app.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

  1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
  2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

Fotocamera e contenuti multimediali

Ultra HDR per le immagini

Un'illustrazione della qualità delle immagini SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) rispetto a HDR (High Dynamic Range).

Android 14 aggiunge il supporto per le immagini HDR (High Dynamic Range) che mantengono più informazioni del sensore quando scatti una foto, il che consente di ottenere colori vivaci e un maggiore contrasto. Android utilizza il formato Ultra HDR, che è completamente compatibile con le immagini JPEG, consentendo alle app di dialogare senza problemi con le immagini HDR, visualizzandole in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) se necessario.

Il rendering di queste immagini nell'interfaccia utente in HDR viene eseguito automaticamente dal framework quando l'app attiva l'utilizzo dell'interfaccia utente HDR per la finestra di attività tramite una voce del manifest o in fase di esecuzione tramite chiamata di Window.setColorMode(). Puoi anche acquisire immagini statiche Ultra HDR compresse sui dispositivi supportati. Con un maggior numero di colori recuperati dal sensore, la modifica in post può essere più flessibile. Il valore Gainmap associato alle immagini Ultra HDR può essere utilizzato per eseguire il rendering utilizzando OpenGL o Vulkan.

Zoom, messa a fuoco, post-visualizzazione e altro ancora nelle estensioni della fotocamera

Android 14 esegue l'upgrade e migliora le estensioni della fotocamera, consentendo alle app di gestire tempi di elaborazione più lunghi, il che consente di migliorare le immagini utilizzando algoritmi ad alta intensità di calcolo come la fotografia in condizioni di scarsa illuminazione su supportati dispositivi. Queste funzionalità offrono agli utenti un'esperienza ancora più solida quando utilizzano le funzionalità di estensione della videocamera. Ecco alcuni esempi di questi miglioramenti:

Zoom nel sensore

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

Audio USB lossless

Android 14 supporta i formati audio lossless per esperienze di livello audiophile tramite cuffie con cavo USB. Puoi eseguire query su un dispositivo USB per gli attributi del mixer preferiti, registrare un ascoltatore per le modifiche agli attributi del mixer preferiti e configurare gli attributi del mixer utilizzando la classe AudioMixerAttributes. Questa classe rappresenta il formato, ad esempio la maschera del canale, la frequenza di campionamento e il comportamento del mixer audio. La classe consente di inviare l'audio direttamente, senza miscelazione, regolazione del volume o effetti di elaborazione.

Produttività e strumenti per gli sviluppatori

Gestore delle credenziali

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Connessione Salute

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

Aggiornamenti di OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Miglioramenti per gli store

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

Bundle di metadati dell'app

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Rilevare quando gli utenti acquisiscono screenshot del dispositivo

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

Esperienza utente

Azioni personalizzate del foglio di condivisione e ranking migliorato

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

Supporto di animazioni integrate e personalizzate per Indietro predittivo

Video: Animazioni di Gesto indietro predittivo

Android 13 ha introdotto l'animazione di ritorno alla schermata Home predittiva come opzione per gli sviluppatori. Se viene utilizzato in un'app supportata con l'opzione per gli sviluppatori attivata, lo scorrimento indietro mostra un'animazione che indica che il gesto di ritorno all'indietro fa uscire dall'app e torna alla schermata Home.

Android 14 include diversi miglioramenti e nuove indicazioni per il pulsante Indietro predittivo:

Con questa release di anteprima di Android 14, tutte le funzionalità di Indietro predittivo rimangono nascoste dietro un'opzione per sviluppatori. Consulta la guida per gli sviluppatori per eseguire la migrazione della tua app al flusso di ritorno predittivo, nonché la guida per gli sviluppatori per creare transizioni in-app personalizzate.

Override per app del produttore di dispositivi con schermo grande

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Override per app per utenti con schermi di grandi dimensioni

Per-app overrides change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE device manufacturer override sets the app aspect ratio to 16:9 regardless of the app's configuration.

Android 14 QPR1 enables users to apply per‑app overrides by means of a new settings menu on large screen devices.

Condivisione della schermata dell'app

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

Risposta rapida basata su LLM in Gboard su Pixel 8 Pro

Sui dispositivi Pixel 8 Pro con il Feature Drop di dicembre, gli sviluppatori possono provare risposte rapide di qualità superiore in Gboard grazie ai modelli linguistici di grandi dimensioni (LLM) on-device in esecuzione su Google Tensor.

Questa funzionalità è disponibile come anteprima limitata per l'inglese americano in WhatsApp, Line e KakaoTalk. Richiede l'utilizzo di un Pixel 8 Pro con Gboard come tastiera.

Per provarla, attiva prima la funzionalità in Impostazioni > Opzioni sviluppatore > Impostazioni AICore > Attiva AiCore persistente.

Quindi, apri una conversazione in un'app supportata per visualizzare la Risposta rapida basata su LLM nella barra dei suggerimenti di Gboard in risposta ai messaggi in arrivo.

Gboard utilizza LLM on-device per fornire risposte rapide di qualità superiore.

Grafica

I percorsi sono interrogabili e interpolabili

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Mesh personalizzate con shader di vertici e frammenti

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Renderer del buffer hardware per Canvas

Per facilitare l'utilizzo dell'API Canvas di Android per disegnare con accelerazione hardware in un HardwareBuffer, Android 14 introduce HardwareBufferRenderer. Questa API è particolarmente utile quando il caso d'uso prevede la comunicazione con il compositore di sistema tramite SurfaceControl per il disegno con bassa latenza.