Die Android 14-Plattform umfasst Verhaltensänderungen, die sich auf Ihre App auswirken können. Die folgenden Änderungen gelten für alle Apps, wenn sie unter Android 14 ausgeführt werden, unabhängig von targetSdkVersion. Sie sollten Ihre Anwendung testen und dann bei Bedarf so ändern, dass sie ordnungsgemäß unterstützt wird.
Sieh dir unbedingt auch die Liste der Änderungen des Verhaltens, die sich nur auf Apps auswirken, die auf Android 14 ausgerichtet sind an.
Hauptfunktion
„Genaue Alarme festlegen“ werden standardmäßig abgelehnt
Exact alarms are meant for user-intentioned notifications, or for actions that
need to happen at a precise time. Starting in Android 14, the
SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM
permission is no longer being pre-granted to most newly installed apps
targeting Android 13 and higher—the permission is denied by default.
Learn more about the changes to the permission for scheduling exact alarms.
Kontextregistrierte Broadcasts werden in die Warteschlange gestellt, während Apps im Cache gespeichert werden
On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.
When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.
Apps können nur ihre eigenen Hintergrundprozesse beenden
Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(),
the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.
If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:
Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp
Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt
to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions.
Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them
automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps
unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption
by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more
resources than resuming an existing cached app.
MTU ist für den ersten GATT-Client, der eine MTU anfordert, auf 517 gesetzt
Starting from Android 14, the Android Bluetooth stack more strictly adheres to
Version 5.2 of the Bluetooth Core Specification and requests
the BLE ATT MTU to 517 bytes when the first GATT client requests an MTU using
the BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API, and disregards all subsequent MTU
requests on that ACL connection.
To address this change and make your app more robust, consider the following options:
- Your peripheral device should respond to the Android device's MTU request
with a reasonable value that can be accommodated by the peripheral. The
final negotiated value will be a minimum of the Android requested value and
the remote provided value (for example,
min(517, remoteMtu))- Implementing this fix could require a firmware update for peripheral
- Alternatively, limit your GATT characteristic writes based on the minimum
between the known supported value of your peripheral and the received MTU
change
- A reminder that you should reduce 5 bytes from the supported size for the headers
- For example:
arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5
Neuer Grund, warum eine Anwendung in den eingeschränkten Standby-Bucket aufgenommen werden kann
In Android 14 gibt es einen neuen Grund für die Aufnahme von Apps in den eingeschränkten Stand-by-Bucket.
Die Jobs der Anwendung lösen aufgrund von Zeitüberschreitungen für die Methoden onStartJob, onStopJob oder onBind mehrmals ANR-Fehler aus.
Weitere Informationen zu Änderungen an onStartJob und onStopJob findest du unter JobScheduler verstärkt das Callback und Netzwerkverhalten.
Wenn Sie feststellen möchten, ob die Anwendung in den eingeschränkten Standby-Bucket gelangt ist, empfehlen wir, ein Logging mit der API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket() bei der Jobausführung oder UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() beim Start der Anwendung zu verwenden.
mlock begrenzt auf 64 KB
In Android 14 (API-Level 34) und höher reduziert die Plattform den maximalen Arbeitsspeicher, der mit mlock() gesperrt werden kann, auf 64 KB pro Prozess. In früheren Versionen betrug das Limit 64 MB pro Prozess. Diese Einschränkung ermöglicht eine bessere Speicherverwaltung in Apps und im System. Um geräteübergreifend mehr Konsistenz zu bieten, wird mit Android 14 ein neuer CTS-Test für das neue Limit von mlock() auf kompatiblen Geräten hinzugefügt.
Das System erzwingt die Ressourcennutzung von im Cache gespeicherten Apps
By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the
background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process
is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that
Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and
returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.
Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.
Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as
services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be
impacted by these changes.
Nutzererfahrung
Änderungen bei der Darstellung von Benachrichtigungen, die sich nicht schließen lassen
If your app shows non-dismissable foreground notifications to users, Android 14 has changed the behavior to allow users to dismiss such notifications.
This change applies to apps that prevent users from dismissing foreground
notifications by setting Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT through
Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) or
NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true). The behavior of
FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT has changed to make such notifications actually
dismissable by the user.
These kinds of notifications are still non-dismissable in the following conditions:
- When the phone is locked
- If the user selects a Clear all notification action (which helps with accidental dismissals)
Also, this new behavior doesn't apply to notifications in the following use cases:
CallStylenotifications- Device policy controller (DPC) and supporting packages for enterprise
- Media notifications
- The default Search Selector package
Informationen zur Datensicherheit sind besser sichtbar
To enhance user privacy, Android 14 increases the number of places where the system shows the information you have declared in the Play Console form. Currently, users can view this information in the Data safety section on your app's listing in Google Play.
We encourage you to review your app's location data sharing policies and take a moment to make any applicable updates to your app's Google Play Data safety section.
Learn more in the guide about how data safety information is more visible on Android 14.
Barrierefreiheit
Nicht lineare Schriftskalierung auf 200%
Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.
Sicherheit
Minimales Ziel-API-Level für Installation
Starting with Android 14, apps with a
targetSdkVersion lower than 23
can't be installed. Requiring apps to meet these minimum target API level
requirements improves security and privacy for users.
Malware often targets older API levels in order to bypass security and privacy
protections that have been introduced in newer Android versions. For example,
some malware apps use a targetSdkVersion of 22 to avoid being subjected to the
runtime permission model introduced in 2015 by Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API
level 23). This Android 14 change makes it harder for malware to avoid security
and privacy improvements.
Attempting to install an app targeting a lower API level will result in an
installation failure, with the following message appearing in Logcat:
INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7
On devices upgrading to Android 14, any apps with a targetSdkVersion lower
than 23 will remain installed.
If you need to test an app targeting an older API level, use the following ADB command:
adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk
Paketnamen von Medieninhabern werden möglicherweise entfernt
The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which
indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android
14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is
true:
- The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.
The app that queries the media store requests the
QUERY_ALL_PACKAGESpermission.
Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.