Shared ViewModel Recipe

يوضّح هذا المثال كيفية مشاركة ViewModel بين شاشات (إدخالات) مختلفة في Navigation 3 باستخدام NavEntryDecorator مخصّص.

طريقة العمل

يحدّد هذا المثال ثلاث شاشات:

  • ParentScreen: يعرض زرًا يزيد قيمة عدّاد، ويتم الاحتفاظ بحالة العداد في CounterViewModel.
  • ChildScreen: شاشة فرعية يمكنها تعديل حالة عدّاد ParentScreen بالإضافة إلى حالتها المعزولة.
  • StandaloneScreen: شاشة مستقلة بحالتها المعزولة فقط

SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator

المكوّن الأساسي في هذه الوصفة هو SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator. يدير أداة التزيين هذه ViewModelStore لعناصر التنقّل. يسمح هذا الحقل بإدخال إدخال "أصل" اختياري يجب أن يشارك ViewModelStore.

في SharedViewModelActivity.kt، يتم ضبط NavDisplay باستخدام أداة التزيين هذه:

entryDecorators = listOf(
    rememberSaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator(),
    rememberSharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator(),
)

مشاركة ViewModel

لتفعيل المشاركة، يحدّد الإدخال ChildScreen صراحةً العنصر الأصل باستخدام البيانات الوصفية:

entry<ChildScreen>(
    metadata = SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator.parent(
        ParentScreen.toContentKey()
    )
) {
    // ...
}

يتم استخدام دالة الإضافة toContentKey() لتحديد طريقة موحّدة لتحديد contentKey العنصر الرئيسي NavEntry، وذلك عند تحديد العنصر الرئيسي وعند الإشارة إليه في البيانات الوصفية من خلال العنصر الفرعي.

عندما يطلب ChildScreen موافقة أحد الوالدَين CounterViewModel:

val parentViewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>(
    viewModelStoreOwner = LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner.current
)

يضمن الديكور أنّه يتلقّى النسخة نفسها التي تستخدمها ParentScreen، لأنّه يستخدم ViewModelStore الخاصة بـ ParentScreen.

سيظل بإمكان ChildScreen طلب CounterViewModel الخاص به من LocalViewModelStoreOwner التلقائي:

val standaloneViewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>()

في المقابل، لا تحدّد StandaloneScreen عنصرًا رئيسيًا، لذا لا تحصل إلا على ViewModelStore جديدة خاصة بها ومثيل جديد من CounterViewModel.

/*
 * Copyright 2025 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.nav3recipes.sharedviewmodel

import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.CompositionLocalProvider
import androidx.compose.runtime.ProvidedValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.staticCompositionLocalOf
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelStore
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelStoreOwner
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.ViewModelStoreProvider
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.LocalViewModelStoreOwner
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.rememberViewModelStoreOwner
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.rememberViewModelStoreProvider
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavEntry
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavEntryDecorator
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavMetadataKey
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.SaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.get
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.metadata
import androidx.savedstate.compose.LocalSavedStateRegistryOwner

/**
 * Returns a [SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator] that is remembered across recompositions.
 *
 * @param [viewModelStoreOwner] The [ViewModelStoreOwner] that provides the [ViewModelStore] to
 *   NavEntries
 */
@Composable
fun <T : Any> rememberSharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator(
    viewModelStoreOwner: ViewModelStoreOwner =
        checkNotNull(LocalViewModelStoreOwner.current) {
            "No ViewModelStoreOwner was provided via LocalViewModelStoreOwner"
        },
): SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator<T> {
    val viewModelStoreProvider = rememberViewModelStoreProvider(viewModelStoreOwner)
    return remember(viewModelStoreOwner) {
        SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator(
            viewModelStoreProvider,
        )
    }
}

/**
 * Provides the content of a [NavEntry] with a new [ViewModelStoreOwner] and provides that
 * [ViewModelStoreOwner] as a [LocalViewModelStoreOwner] so that it is available within the content.
 *
 * If the [NavEntry] specifies that it has a parent in its metadata, the parent's
 * [ViewModelStoreOwner] will also be supplied along with the new one. This allows the
 * entry to access both its own [ViewModel] and its parent's [ViewModel]s.
 *
 * This requires the usage of [SaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator] to ensure that the [NavEntry]
 * scoped [ViewModel]s can properly provide access to [androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateHandle]s.
 *
 * @see [SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator.parent]
 *
 * @param [viewModelStoreProvider] The [ViewModelStoreProvider] scoped to
 * the parent [ViewModelStoreOwner]
 */
class SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator<T : Any>(
    viewModelStoreProvider: ViewModelStoreProvider
) : NavEntryDecorator<T>(
    onPop = { key -> viewModelStoreProvider.clearKey(key) },
    decorate = { entry ->
        val localContentKey = entry.contentKey
        val localOwner =
            rememberViewModelStoreOwner(
                localContentKey,
                viewModelStoreProvider,
                savedStateRegistryOwner = LocalSavedStateRegistryOwner.current,
            )

        val localValues: MutableList<ProvidedValue<*>> = mutableListOf(LocalViewModelStoreOwner provides localOwner)

        // If the entry indicates it has a parent, also provide its parent's ViewModelStore
        val parentContentKey = entry.metadata[ParentKey]
        if (parentContentKey != null) {
            val parentOwner = rememberViewModelStoreOwner(
                    parentContentKey,
                    viewModelStoreProvider,
                    savedStateRegistryOwner = LocalSavedStateRegistryOwner.current,
                )

            localValues.add(LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner provides parentOwner)
        }
        CompositionLocalProvider(
            values = localValues.toTypedArray()
        ) { entry.Content() }
    },
) {
    companion object {
        /**
         * Use this function to specify a `NavEntry`'s parent. The parent's
         * `ViewModelStoreOwner` will be supplied via `LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner`
         */
        fun parent(key: Any) = metadata {
            put(ParentKey, key)
        }

        object ParentKey : NavMetadataKey<Any>
    }
}

val LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner =
    staticCompositionLocalOf<ViewModelStoreOwner> { error("No LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner provided!") }
/*
 * Copyright 2025 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.nav3recipes.sharedviewmodel

import android.os.Bundle
import androidx.activity.ComponentActivity
import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
import androidx.compose.material3.Button
import androidx.compose.material3.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableIntStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
import androidx.lifecycle.compose.dropUnlessResumed
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.viewModel
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.NavKey
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.entryProvider
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.rememberNavBackStack
import androidx.navigation3.runtime.rememberSaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator
import androidx.navigation3.ui.NavDisplay
import com.example.nav3recipes.content.ContentBlue
import com.example.nav3recipes.content.ContentGreen
import com.example.nav3recipes.content.ContentRed
import com.example.nav3recipes.ui.setEdgeToEdgeConfig
import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable


@Serializable
private data object ParentScreen : NavKey

@Serializable
private data object ChildScreen : NavKey

@Serializable
private data object StandaloneScreen : NavKey

class SharedViewModelActivity : ComponentActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        setEdgeToEdgeConfig()
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        setContent {
            val backStack = rememberNavBackStack(ParentScreen)

            NavDisplay(
                backStack = backStack,
                onBack = { backStack.removeLastOrNull() },
                entryDecorators = listOf(
                    rememberSaveableStateHolderNavEntryDecorator(),
                    rememberSharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator(),
                ),
                entryProvider = entryProvider {
                    entry<ParentScreen>(
                        clazzContentKey = { key -> key.toContentKey() },
                    ) {
                        val viewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>()

                        ContentRed("Parent screen") {
                            Button(onClick = { viewModel.count++ }) {
                                Text("Count: ${viewModel.count}")
                            }
                            Button(onClick = dropUnlessResumed { backStack.add(ChildScreen) }) {
                                Text("View child screen")
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    entry<ChildScreen>(
                        metadata = SharedViewModelStoreNavEntryDecorator.parent(
                            ParentScreen.toContentKey()
                        )
                    ) {
                        val parentViewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>(
                            viewModelStoreOwner = LocalSharedViewModelStoreOwner.current
                        )

                        val standaloneViewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>()

                        ContentBlue("Child screen") {
                            Button(onClick = { parentViewModel.count++ }) {
                                Text("Parent count: ${parentViewModel.count}")
                            }
                            Button(onClick = { standaloneViewModel.count++ }) {
                                Text("Standalone Count: ${standaloneViewModel.count}")
                            }
                            Button(onClick = dropUnlessResumed { backStack.add(StandaloneScreen) }) {
                                Text("View standalone screen")
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    entry<StandaloneScreen> {
                        val viewModel = viewModel<CounterViewModel>()

                        ContentGreen("Standalone screen") {
                            Button(onClick = {
                                viewModel.count++
                            }) {
                                Text("Count: ${viewModel.count}")
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            )
        }
    }
}

fun NavKey.toContentKey() = this.toString()

class CounterViewModel : ViewModel() {
    var count by mutableIntStateOf(0)
}