行為變更：指定 Android 17 以上版本的應用程式

和先前版本一樣，Android 17 也包含可能會影響應用程式的行為變更。以下行為變更僅適用於指定 Android 17 以上版本的應用程式。如果您的應用程式指定 Android 17 以上版本，建議您視情況修改應用程式，以支援這些行為。

此外，無論應用程式的 targetSdkVersion 為何，請務必查看對所有 Android 17 應用程式有影響的行為變更清單。

核心功能

Android 17 包含下列異動項目，這類變更會修改或擴充 Android 系統的各種核心功能。

MessageQueue 的新無鎖實作

Beginning with Android 17, apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher receive a new lock-free implementation of android.os.MessageQueue. The new implementation improves performance and reduces missed frames, but may break clients that reflect on MessageQueue private fields and methods.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see MessageQueue behavior change guidance.

靜態最終欄位現在無法修改

Apps running on Android 17 or higher that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher cannot change static final fields. If an app attempts to change a static final field by using reflection, it will cause an IllegalAccessException. Attempting to modify one of these fields through JNI APIs (such as SetStaticLongField()) will cause the app to crash.

無障礙設定

Android 17 進行下列變更，提升無障礙功能。

支援複雜 IME 實體鍵盤輸入的無障礙功能

This feature introduces new AccessibilityEvent and TextAttribute APIs to enhance screen reader spoken feedback for CJKV language input. CJKV IME apps can now signal whether a text conversion candidate has been selected during text composition. Apps with edit fields can specify text change types when sending text changed accessibility events. For example, apps can specify that a text change occurred during text composition, or that a text change resulted from a commit. Doing this enables accessibility services such as screen readers to deliver more precise feedback based on the nature of the text modification.

App adoption

• IME Apps: When setting composing text in edit fields, IMEs can use TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected() to indicate whether a specific conversion candidate was selected.

• Apps with Edit Fields: Apps that maintain a custom InputConnection can retrieve candidate selection data by calling TextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected(). These apps should then call AccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes() when dispatching TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events. Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) that use the standard TextView will have this feature enabled by default. (That is, TextView will handle retrieving data from the IME and setting text change types when sending events to accessibility services).

• Accessibility Services: Accessibility services that process TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events can call AccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes() to identify the nature of the modification and adjust their feedback strategies accordingly.

隱私權

Android 17 包含下列異動項目，可提升使用者隱私權。

已啟用 ECH (Encrypted Client Hello)

Android 17 introduces platform support for Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), a TLS extension that enhances user privacy by encrypting the Server Name Indication (SNI) in the TLS handshake. This encryption helps prevent network observers from easily identifying the specific domain your app is connecting to.

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, ECH is used for TLS connections. ECH is active only if the networking library used by the app (for example, HttpEngine, WebView, or OkHttp) has integrated ECH support and the remote server also supports the ECH protocol. If ECH cannot be negotiated, the client sends an ECH extension with randomized contents (a mechanism called ECH GREASE). See RFC 9849 for more details on how ECH GREASE works.

To allow apps to customize this behavior, Android 17 adds a new <domainEncryption> element to the Network Security Configuration file. Developers can use <domainEncryption> within <base-config> or <domain-config> tags to select an ECH mode (for example, "enabled" or "disabled") on a global or per-domain basis.

For more information, see the Encrypted Client Hello documentation.

以 Android 17 為目標的應用程式必須取得區域網路權限

Android 17 introduces the ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK runtime permission to protect users from unauthorized local network access. Because this falls under the existing NEARBY_DEVICES permission group, users who have already granted other NEARBY_DEVICES permissions aren't prompted again. This new requirement prevents malicious apps from exploiting unrestricted local network access for covert user tracking and fingerprinting. By declaring and requesting this permission, your app can discover and connect to devices on the local area network (LAN), such as smart home devices or casting receivers.

Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher now have two paths to maintain communication with LAN devices: Adopt system-mediated, privacy-preserving device pickers to skip the permission prompt, or explicitly request this new permission at runtime to maintain local network communication.

For more information, see the Local network permission documentation.

在實體裝置上隱藏密碼

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher and the user is using a physical input device (for example, an external keyboard), the Android operating system applies the new show_passwords_physical setting to all characters in the password field. By default, that setting hides all password characters.

The Android system shows the last-typed password character to help the user see if they mistyped the password. However, this is much less necessary with larger external keyboards. In addition, devices with external keyboards often have larger displays, which increases the danger of someone seeing the typed password.

If the user is using the device's touchscreen, the system applies the new show_passwords_touch setting.

保護標準簡訊中的動態密碼

Beginning with Android 17, Android is extending its SMS OTP protection to apply to standard SMS messages (SMS messages containing an OTP that do not use the WebOTP or SMS Retriever formats). For most apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, these SMS messages do not become available until three hours after receipt. This delay is intended to help prevent OTP hijacking. During this three hour delay, the SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION broadcast is withheld and SMS provider database queries are filtered. The SMS message is available to these apps after the delay.

Certain apps such as the default SMS assistant app, connected device companion apps, etc., are exempted from this delay. All apps that rely on reading SMS messages for OTP extraction should transition to using SMS Retriever or SMS User Consent APIs to ensure continued functionality.

安全性

Android 17 在裝置和應用程式安全性方面有以下改進。

活動安全性

Android 17 平台持續朝「預設安全」架構邁進，推出一系列強化功能，旨在防範網路釣魚、互動劫持和混淆副手攻擊等高嚴重性攻擊。這項更新要求開發人員明確選擇採用新的安全標準，以維持應用程式相容性並保護使用者。

對開發人員的主要影響包括：

• 強化 BAL 並改善啟用程序：我們將擴大保護範圍至 IntentSender，進一步完善背景活動啟動 (BAL) 限制。開發人員必須從舊版 MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED 常數遷移。您應改為採用細微控制項，例如 MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE，將活動啟動限制在呼叫應用程式可見的情況，大幅減少攻擊面。
• 採用工具：開發人員應使用嚴格模式和更新的 Lint 檢查，找出舊版模式，確保符合日後目標 SDK 的規定。

預設啟用 CT

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, certificate transparency (CT) is enabled by default. (On Android 16, CT is available but apps had to opt in.)

更安全的 Native DCL-C

If your app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the Safer Dynamic Code Loading (DCL) protection introduced in Android 14 for DEX and JAR files now extends to native libraries.

All native files loaded using System.load() must be marked as read-only. Otherwise, the system throws UnsatisfiedLinkError.

We recommend that apps avoid dynamically loading code whenever possible, as doing so greatly increases the risk that an app can be compromised by code injection or code tampering.

限制 CP2 資料檢視中的 PII 欄位

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) restricts certain columns containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from the data view. When this change is enabled, these columns are removed from the data view to enhance user privacy. The restricted columns include:

• ACCOUNT_NAME
• ACCOUNT_TYPE
• ACCOUNT_TYPE_AND_DATA_SET

Apps that are using these columns from ContactsContract.Data can extract them from ContactsContract.RawContacts instead, by joining with RAW_CONTACT_ID.

在 CP2 中強制執行嚴格的 SQL 檢查

如果應用程式指定 Android 17 (API 級別 37) 以上版本，當您在沒有 READ_CONTACTS 權限的情況下存取 ContactsContract.Data 資料表時，聯絡人供應程式 2 (CP2) 會強制執行嚴格的 SQL 查詢驗證。

這項異動生效後，如果應用程式沒有 READ_CONTACTS 權限，查詢 ContactsContract.Data 資料表時，系統會設定 StrictColumns 和 StrictGrammar 選項。如果查詢使用的模式與這些模式不相容，系統會拒絕查詢並擲回例外狀況。

媒體

Android 17 包含下列媒體行為變更。

背景音訊強化

從 Android 17 開始，音訊架構會強制限制背景音訊互動，包括音訊播放、音訊焦點要求和音量變更 API，確保這些變更是由使用者刻意啟動。

所有應用程式都必須遵守部分音訊限制。不過，如果應用程式指定 Android 17 (API 級別 37)，限制會更加嚴格。如果這些應用程式在背景與音訊互動，就必須執行前景服務。此外，應用程式也必須符合下列一或多項規定：

• 前景服務必須具備「僅限使用期間」權限。
• 應用程式必須具備精確鬧鐘權限，並與 USAGE_ALARM 音訊串流互動。

如需更多資訊 (包括緩解策略)，請參閱「背景音訊強化」。

裝置板型規格

Android 17 包含下列異動項目，可改善各種尺寸和板型規格裝置的使用者體驗。

平台 API 異動，可忽略大螢幕 (sw>=600dp) 的螢幕方向、大小調整和長寬比限制

We introduced Platform API changes in Android 16 to ignore orientation, aspect ratio, and resizability restrictions on large screens (sw >= 600dp) for apps targeting API level 36 or higher. Developers have the option to opt out of these changes with SDK 36, but this opt-out will no longer be available for apps that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher.

For more information, see Restrictions on orientation and resizability are ignored.

連線能力

Android 17 導入下列變更，以提升一致性，並與藍牙 RFCOMM 通訊端的標準 Java InputStream 行為保持一致。

RFCOMM 的 BluetoothSocket read() 行為一致

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37), the read() method of the InputStream obtained from an RFCOMM-based BluetoothSocket now returns -1 when the socket is closed or the connection is dropped.

This change makes RFCOMM socket behavior consistent with LE CoC sockets and aligns with the standard InputStream.read() documentation, which states that -1 is returned when the end of the stream is reached.

Apps that rely solely on catching an IOException to break out of a read loop may be impacted by this change and should update the BluetoothSocket read loops to explicitly check for a return value of -1. This ensures the loop terminates correctly when the remote device disconnects or the socket is closed. For an example of the recommended implementation, see the code snippet in the Transfer Bluetooth data guide.