SimpleDateFormat

public class SimpleDateFormat
extends DateFormat

SimpleDateFormat is a concrete class for formatting and parsing dates in a locale-sensitive manner. It allows for formatting (date → text), parsing (text → date), and normalization.

SimpleDateFormat allows you to start by choosing any user-defined patterns for date-time formatting. However, you are encouraged to create a date-time formatter with either getTimeInstance, getDateInstance, or getDateTimeInstance in DateFormat. Each of these class methods can return a date/time formatter initialized with a default format pattern. You may modify the format pattern using the applyPattern methods as desired. For more information on using these methods, see DateFormat.

Date and Time Patterns

Date and time formats are specified by date and time pattern strings. Within date and time pattern strings, unquoted letters from 'A' to 'Z' and from 'a' to 'z' are interpreted as pattern letters representing the components of a date or time string. Text can be quoted using single quotes (') to avoid interpretation. "''" represents a single quote. All other characters are not interpreted; they're simply copied into the output string during formatting or matched against the input string during parsing.

The following pattern letters are defined (all other characters from 'A' to 'Z' and from 'a' to 'z' are reserved):

Chart shows pattern letters, date/time component, presentation, and examples.

Letter	Date or Time Component	Presentation	Examples	Supported (API Levels)
G	Era designator	Text	AD	1+
y	Year	Year	1996; 96	1+
Y	Week year	Year	2009; 09	24+
M	Month in year (context sensitive)	Month	July; Jul; 07	1+
L	Month in year (standalone form)	Month	July; Jul; 07	TBD
w	Week in year	Number	27	1+
W	Week in month	Number	2	1+
D	Day in year	Number	189	1+
d	Day in month	Number	10	1+
F	Day of week in month	Number	2	1+
E	Day name in week	Text	Tuesday; Tue	1+
u	Day number of week (1 = Monday, ..., 7 = Sunday)	Number	1	24+
a	Am/pm marker	Text	PM	1+
H	Hour in day (0-23)	Number	0	1+
k	Hour in day (1-24)	Number	24	1+
K	Hour in am/pm (0-11)	Number	0	1+
h	Hour in am/pm (1-12)	Number	12	1+
m	Minute in hour	Number	30	1+
s	Second in minute	Number	55	1+
S	Millisecond	Number	978	1+
z	Time zone	General time zone	Pacific Standard Time; PST; GMT-08:00	1+
Z	Time zone	RFC 822 time zone	-0800	1+
X	Time zone	ISO 8601 time zone	-08; -0800; -08:00	24+

• Text: For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 4 or more, the full form is used; otherwise a short or abbreviated form is used if available. For parsing, both forms are accepted, independent of the number of pattern letters.
• Number: For formatting, the number of pattern letters is the minimum number of digits, and shorter numbers are zero-padded to this amount. For parsing, the number of pattern letters is ignored unless it's needed to separate two adjacent fields.
• Year: If the formatter's Calendar is the Gregorian calendar, the following rules are applied.
  • For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 2, the year is truncated to 2 digits; otherwise it is interpreted as a number.
  • For parsing, if the number of pattern letters is more than 2, the year is interpreted literally, regardless of the number of digits. So using the pattern "MM/dd/yyyy", "01/11/12" parses to Jan 11, 12 A.D.
  • For parsing with the abbreviated year pattern ("y" or "yy"), SimpleDateFormat must interpret the abbreviated year relative to some century. It does this by adjusting dates to be within 80 years before and 20 years after the time the SimpleDateFormat instance is created. For example, using a pattern of "MM/dd/yy" and a SimpleDateFormat instance created on Jan 1, 1997, the string "01/11/12" would be interpreted as Jan 11, 2012 while the string "05/04/64" would be interpreted as May 4, 1964. During parsing, only strings consisting of exactly two digits, as defined by Character.isDigit(char), will be parsed into the default century. Any other numeric string, such as a one digit string, a three or more digit string, or a two digit string that isn't all digits (for example, "-1"), is interpreted literally. So "01/02/3" or "01/02/003" are parsed, using the same pattern, as Jan 2, 3 AD. Likewise, "01/02/-3" is parsed as Jan 2, 4 BC.
  Otherwise, calendar system specific forms are applied. For both formatting and parsing, if the number of pattern letters is 4 or more, a calendar specific long form is used. Otherwise, a calendar specific short or abbreviated form is used.
  If week year 'Y' is specified and the calendar doesn't support any week years, the calendar year ('y') is used instead. The support of week years can be tested with a call to getCalendar().isWeekDateSupported().
• Month: If the number of pattern letters is 3 or more, the month is interpreted as text; otherwise, it is interpreted as a number.
  • Letter M produces context-sensitive month names, such as the embedded form of names. Letter M is context-sensitive in the sense that when it is used in the standalone pattern, for example, "MMMM", it gives the standalone form of a month name and when it is used in the pattern containing other field(s), for example, "d MMMM", it gives the format form of a month name. For example, January in the Catalan language is "de gener" in the format form while it is "gener" in the standalone form. In this case, "MMMM" will produce "gener" and the month part of the "d MMMM" will produce "de gener". If a DateFormatSymbols has been set explicitly with constructor SimpleDateFormat(java.lang.String, java.text.DateFormatSymbols) or method setDateFormatSymbols(java.text.DateFormatSymbols), the month names given by the DateFormatSymbols are used.
  • Letter L produces the standalone form of month names.
  
  
• General time zone: Time zones are interpreted as text if they have names. For time zones representing a GMT offset value, the following syntax is used:

       GMTOffsetTimeZone:
               GMT Sign Hours : Minutes
       Sign: one of
               + -
       Hours:
               Digit
               Digit Digit
       Minutes:
               Digit Digit
       Digit: one of
               0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

  Hours must be between 0 and 23, and Minutes must be between 00 and 59. The format is locale independent and digits must be taken from the Basic Latin block of the Unicode standard.

  For parsing, RFC 822 time zones are also accepted.

• RFC 822 time zone: For formatting, the RFC 822 4-digit time zone format is used:

       RFC822TimeZone:
               Sign TwoDigitHours Minutes
       TwoDigitHours:
               Digit Digit

  TwoDigitHours must be between 00 and 23. Other definitions are as for general time zones.

  For parsing, general time zones are also accepted.

• ISO 8601 Time zone: The number of pattern letters designates the format for both formatting and parsing as follows:

       ISO8601TimeZone:
               OneLetterISO8601TimeZone
               TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone
               ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone
       OneLetterISO8601TimeZone:
               Sign TwoDigitHours
               Z
       TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone:
               Sign TwoDigitHours Minutes
               Z
       ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone:
               Sign TwoDigitHours : Minutes
               Z

  Other definitions are as for general time zones or RFC 822 time zones.

  For formatting, if the offset value from GMT is 0, "Z" is produced. If the number of pattern letters is 1, any fraction of an hour is ignored. For example, if the pattern is "X" and the time zone is "GMT+05:30", "+05" is produced.

  For parsing, the letter "Z" is parsed as the UTC time zone designator (therefore "09:30Z" is parsed as "09:30 UTC". General time zones are not accepted.

  If the number of "X" pattern letters is 4 or more (e.g. XXXX), IllegalArgumentException is thrown when constructing a SimpleDateFormat or applying a pattern.

Examples

Examples of date and time patterns interpreted in the U.S. locale

Date and Time Pattern	Result
"yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss z"	2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT
"EEE, MMM d, ''yy"	Wed, Jul 4, '01
"h:mm a"	12:08 PM
"hh 'o''clock' a, zzzz"	12 o'clock PM, Pacific Daylight Time
"K:mm a, z"	0:08 PM, PDT
"yyyyy.MMMMM.dd GGG hh:mm aaa"	02001.July.04 AD 12:08 PM
"EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z"	Wed, 4 Jul 2001 12:08:56 -0700
"yyMMddHHmmssZ"	010704120856-0700
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"	2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-0700
"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX"	2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-07:00
"YYYY-'W'ww-u"	2001-W27-3

Synchronization

Date formats are not synchronized. It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread. If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized externally.

Summary

Public constructors

public SimpleDateFormat ()

public SimpleDateFormat (String pattern)

public SimpleDateFormat (String pattern, 
                DateFormatSymbols formatSymbols)

public SimpleDateFormat (String pattern, 
                Locale locale)

Public methods

public void applyLocalizedPattern (String pattern)

public void applyPattern (String pattern)

public Object clone ()

public boolean equals (Object obj)

public StringBuffer format (Date date, 
                StringBuffer toAppendTo, 
                FieldPosition pos)

public AttributedCharacterIterator formatToCharacterIterator (Object obj)

public Date get2DigitYearStart ()

public DateFormatSymbols getDateFormatSymbols ()

public int hashCode ()

public Date parse (String text, 
                ParsePosition pos)

public void set2DigitYearStart (Date startDate)

public void setDateFormatSymbols (DateFormatSymbols newFormatSymbols)

public String toLocalizedPattern ()

public String toPattern ()