提升應用程式的安全性

val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND)
val possibleActivitiesList: List<ResolveInfo> =
        packageManager.queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_ALL)

// Verify that an activity in at least two apps on the user's device
// can handle the intent. Otherwise, start the intent only if an app
// on the user's device can handle the intent.
if (possibleActivitiesList.size > 1) {

    // Create intent to show chooser.
    // Title is something similar to "Share this photo with."

    val chooser = resources.getString(R.string.chooser_title).let { title ->
        Intent.createChooser(intent, title)
    }
    startActivity(chooser)
} else if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
    startActivity(intent)
}

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
List<ResolveInfo> possibleActivitiesList = getPackageManager()
        .queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_ALL);

// Verify that an activity in at least two apps on the user's device
// can handle the intent. Otherwise, start the intent only if an app
// on the user's device can handle the intent.
if (possibleActivitiesList.size() > 1) {

    // Create intent to show chooser.
    // Title is something similar to "Share this photo with."

    String title = getResources().getString(R.string.chooser_title);
    Intent chooser = Intent.createChooser(intent, title);
    startActivity(chooser);
} else if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
    startActivity(intent);
}

val url = URL("https://www.google.com")
val urlConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpsURLConnection
urlConnection.connect()
urlConnection.inputStream.use {
    ...
}

URL url = new URL("https://www.google.com");
HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
urlConnection.connect();
InputStream in = urlConnection.getInputStream();

val myWebView: WebView = findViewById(R.id.webview)

// channel[0] and channel[1] represent the two ports.
// They are already entangled with each other and have been started.
val channel: Array<out WebMessagePort> = myWebView.createWebMessageChannel()

// Create handler for channel[0] to receive messages.
channel[0].setWebMessageCallback(object : WebMessagePort.WebMessageCallback() {

    override fun onMessage(port: WebMessagePort, message: WebMessage) {
        Log.d(TAG, "On port $port, received this message: $message")
    }
})

// Send a message from channel[1] to channel[0].
channel[1].postMessage(WebMessage("My secure message"))

WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);

// channel[0] and channel[1] represent the two ports.
// They are already entangled with each other and have been started.
WebMessagePort[] channel = myWebView.createWebMessageChannel();

// Create handler for channel[0] to receive messages.
channel[0].setWebMessageCallback(new WebMessagePort.WebMessageCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onMessage(WebMessagePort port, WebMessage message) {
         Log.d(TAG, "On port " + port + ", received this message: " + message);
    }
});

// Send a message from channel[1] to channel[0].
channel[1].postMessage(new WebMessage("My secure message"));

// Delegates the responsibility of creating the contact to a contacts app,
// which has already been granted the appropriate WRITE_CONTACTS permission.
Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT).apply {
    type = ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_TYPE
}.also { intent ->
    // Make sure that the user has a contacts app installed on their device.
    intent.resolveActivity(packageManager)?.run {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

// Delegates the responsibility of creating the contact to a contacts app,
// which has already been granted the appropriate WRITE_CONTACTS permission.
Intent insertContactIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT);
insertContactIntent.setType(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_TYPE);

// Make sure that the user has a contacts app installed on their device.
if (insertContactIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
    startActivity(insertContactIntent);
}

// Create an Intent to launch a PDF viewer for a file owned by this app.
Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW).apply {
    data = Uri.parse("content://com.example/personal-info.pdf")

    // This flag gives the started app read access to the file.
    addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)
}.also { intent ->
    // Make sure that the user has a PDF viewer app installed on their device.
    intent.resolveActivity(packageManager)?.run {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

// Create an Intent to launch a PDF viewer for a file owned by this app.
Intent viewPdfIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
viewPdfIntent.setData(Uri.parse("content://com.example/personal-info.pdf"));

// This flag gives the started app read access to the file.
viewPdfIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);

// Make sure that the user has a PDF viewer app installed on their device.
if (viewPdfIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
    startActivity(viewPdfIntent);
}

// Creates a file with this name, or replaces an existing file
// that has the same name. Note that the file name cannot contain
// path separators.
val FILE_NAME = "sensitive_info.txt"
val fileContents = "This is some top-secret information!"
File(filesDir, FILE_NAME).bufferedWriter().use { writer ->
    writer.write(fileContents)
}

// Creates a file with this name, or replaces an existing file
// that has the same name. Note that the file name cannot contain
// path separators.
final String FILE_NAME = "sensitive_info.txt";
String fileContents = "This is some top-secret information!";
try (BufferedWriter writer =
             new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(new File(getFilesDir(), FILE_NAME)))) {
    writer.write(fileContents);
} catch (IOException e) {
    // Handle exception.
}

val FILE_NAME = "sensitive_info.txt"
val contents = File(filesDir, FILE_NAME).bufferedReader().useLines { lines ->
    lines.fold("") { working, line ->
        "$working\n$line"
    }
}

final String FILE_NAME = "sensitive_info.txt";
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
try (BufferedReader reader =
             new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File(getFilesDir(), FILE_NAME)))) {

    String line = reader.readLine();
    while (line != null) {
        stringBuffer.append(line).append('\n');
        line = reader.readLine();
    }
} catch (IOException e) {
    // Handle exception.
}

val hash = calculateHash(stream)
// Store "expectedHash" in a secure location.
if (hash == expectedHash) {
    // Work with the content.
}

// Calculating the hash code can take quite a bit of time, so it shouldn't
// be done on the main thread.
suspend fun calculateHash(stream: InputStream): String {
    return withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
        val digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-512")
        val digestStream = DigestInputStream(stream, digest)
        while (digestStream.read() != -1) {
            // The DigestInputStream does the work; nothing for us to do.
        }
        digest.digest().joinToString(":") { "%02x".format(it) }
    }
}

Executor threadPoolExecutor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
private interface HashCallback {
    void onHashCalculated(@Nullable String hash);
}

boolean hashRunning = calculateHash(inputStream, threadPoolExecutor, hash -> {
    if (Objects.equals(hash, expectedHash)) {
        // Work with the content.
    }
});

if (!hashRunning) {
    // There was an error setting up the hash function.
}

private boolean calculateHash(@NonNull InputStream stream,
                              @NonNull Executor executor,
                              @NonNull HashCallback hashCallback) {
    final MessageDigest digest;
    try {
        digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-512");
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsa) {
        return false;
    }

    // Calculating the hash code can take quite a bit of time, so it shouldn't
    // be done on the main thread.
    executor.execute(() -> {
        String hash;
        try (DigestInputStream digestStream =
                new DigestInputStream(stream, digest)) {
            while (digestStream.read() != -1) {
                // The DigestInputStream does the work; nothing for us to do.
            }
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            for (byte aByte : digest.digest()) {
                builder.append(String.format("%02x", aByte)).append(':');
            }
            hash = builder.substring(0, builder.length() - 1);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            hash = null;
        }

        final String calculatedHash = hash;
        runOnUiThread(() -> hashCallback.onHashCalculated(calculatedHash));
    });
    return true;
}

val cacheFile = File(myDownloadedFileUri).let { fileToCache ->
    File(cacheDir.path, fileToCache.name)
}

File cacheDir = getCacheDir();
File fileToCache = new File(myDownloadedFileUri);
String fileToCacheName = fileToCache.getName();
File cacheFile = new File(cacheDir.getPath(), fileToCacheName);