Descripción general de las funciones y APIs

Android 15 incluye excelentes funciones y APIs para desarrolladores. En las siguientes secciones, se resumen estas funciones para ayudarte a comenzar a usar las APIs relacionadas.

Para obtener una lista detallada de las APIs nuevas, modificadas y quitadas, lee el informe de diferencias de APIs. Para obtener detalles sobre las nuevas APIs, consulta la referencia de la API de Android. Las nuevas APIs están destacadas para mayor visibilidad. Además, para conocer las áreas en las que los cambios de la plataforma podrían afectar a tus apps, asegúrate de revisar los cambios de comportamiento que afectan a las apps cuando se orientan a Android 15 y los cambios de comportamiento que afectan a todas las apps, independientemente de targetSdkVersion.

Cámara y contenido multimedia

Android 15 incluye una variedad de funciones que mejoran la experiencia de la cámara y el contenido multimedia, y que te brindan acceso a herramientas y hardware para ayudar a los creadores a dar vida a su visión en Android.

Mejora con poca luz

Android 15 introduces Low Light Boost, a new auto-exposure mode available to both Camera 2 and the night mode camera extension. Low Light Boost adjusts the exposure of the Preview stream in low-light conditions. This is different from how the night mode camera extension creates still images, because night mode combines a burst of photos to create a single, enhanced image. While night mode works very well for creating a still image, it can't create a continuous stream of frames, but Low Light Boost can. Thus, Low Light Boost enables new camera capabilities, such as:

• Providing an enhanced image preview, so users are better able to frame their low-light pictures
• Scanning QR codes in low light

If you enable Low Light Boost, it automatically turns on when there's a low light level, and turns off when there's more light.

Apps can record off the Preview stream in low-light conditions to save a brightened video.

For more information, see Low Light Boost.

Controles de cámara integrados en la app

Android 15 adds a new extension for more control over the camera hardware and its algorithms on supported devices:

• Advanced flash strength adjustments enabling precise control of flash intensity in both SINGLE and TORCH modes while capturing images.

Control del margen de HDR

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

Control de volumen

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will soon be updated to leverage LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

Dispositivos MIDI 2.0 virtuales

Android 13 agregó compatibilidad para conectarse a dispositivos MIDI 2.0 mediante USB, que se comunican mediante paquetes MIDI universales (UMP). Android 15 extiende la compatibilidad con UMP a apps MIDI virtuales, lo que permite que las apps de composición controlen las apps de sintetizador como un dispositivo MIDI 2.0 virtual, al igual que lo harían con un dispositivo MIDI USB 2.0.

Conectividad

Android 15 actualiza la plataforma para brindarle a tu app acceso a los avances más recientes en comunicación.

Compatibilidad por satélite

Android 15 continues to extend platform support for satellite connectivity and includes some UI elements to ensure a consistent user experience across the satellite connectivity landscape.

Apps can use ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() to detect when a device is connected to a satellite, giving them more awareness of why full network services might be unavailable. Additionally, Android 15 provides support for SMS and MMS apps as well as preloaded RCS apps to use satellite connectivity for sending and receiving messages.

Experiencias NFC más fluidas

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can now register a fingerprint on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

Rol de billetera

Android 15 introduce un nuevo rol de Billetera que permite una mayor integración con la app de Billetera preferida del usuario. Este rol reemplaza la configuración predeterminada de pago sin contacto de NFC. Para administrar el titular de la función de Billetera, los usuarios pueden navegar a Configuración > Apps > Apps predeterminadas.

El rol de billetera se usa cuando se enrutan los toques de NFC para los AID registrados en la categoría de pago. Los pagos siempre se dirigen al titular del rol de la Billetera, a menos que se ejecute en primer plano otra app registrada para el mismo AID.

Este rol también se usa para determinar dónde debe ir la tarjeta de Acceso rápido a la Billetera cuando se active. Cuando la función se establece en "None", la tarjeta de QuickAccess no está disponible y los toques de NFC de la categoría de pago solo se entregan a la app en primer plano.

Productividad y herramientas para desarrolladores

Si bien la mayor parte de nuestro trabajo para mejorar tus centros de productividad se centra en herramientas como Android Studio, Jetpack Compose y las bibliotecas de Android Jetpack, siempre buscamos formas en la plataforma que te ayuden a concretar tu visión con mayor facilidad.

Mejoras de PDF

Android 15 Developer Preview 2 includes an early preview of substantial improvements to the PdfRenderer APIs. Apps can incorporate advanced features such as rendering password-protected files, annotations, form editing, searching, and selection with copy. Linearized PDF optimizations are supported to speed local PDF viewing and reduce resource use.

The PdfRenderer has been moved to a module that can be updated using Google Play system updates independent of the platform release, and we're supporting these changes back to Android 11 (API level 30) by creating a compatible pre-Android 15 version of the API surface, called PdfRendererPreV.

We value your feedback on the enhancements we've made to the PdfRenderer API surface, and we plan to make it even easier to incorporate these APIs into your app with an upcoming Android Jetpack library.

Mejoras en el cambio automático de idioma

Android 14 added on-device, multi-language recognition in audio with automatic switching between languages, but this can cause words to get dropped, especially when languages switch with less of a pause between the two utterances. Android 15 adds additional controls to help apps tune this switching to their use case. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS confines the automatic switching to the beginning of the audio session, while EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES deactivates the language switching after a defined number of switches. These options are particularly useful if you expect that there will be a single language spoken during the session that should be autodetected.

Controles detallados de salto de línea

Starting in Android 15, a TextView and the underlying line breaker can preserve the given portion of text in the same line to improve readability. You can take advantage of this line break customization by using the <nobreak> tag in string resources or createNoBreakSpan. Similarly, you can preserve words from hyphenation by using the <nohyphen> tag or createNoHyphenationSpan.

For example, the following string resource doesn't include a line break, and renders with the text "Pixel 8 Pro." breaking in an undesirable place:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

In contrast, this string resource includes the <nobreak> tag, which wraps the phrase "Pixel 8 Pro." and prevents line breaks:

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

The difference in how these strings are rendered is shown in the following images:

Actualizaciones de OpenJDK 17

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

The following key features and improvements are included:

• Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
• Streams
• Additional math and strictmath methods
• util package updates including sequenced collection, map, and set
• ByteBuffer support in Deflater
• Security updates such as X500PrivateCredential and security key updates

These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Archivado de apps

Android and Google Play announced support for app archiving last year, allowing users to free up space by partially removing infrequently used apps from the device that were published using Android App Bundle on Google Play. Android 15 now includes OS level support for app archiving and unarchiving, making it easier for all app stores to implement it.

Apps with the REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES permission can call the PackageInstaller requestArchive method to request archiving an installed app package, which removes the APK and any cached files, but persists user data. Archived apps are returned as displayable apps through the LauncherApps APIs; users will see a UI treatment to highlight that those apps are archived. If a user taps on an archived app, the responsible installer will get a request to unarchive it, and the restoration process can be monitored by the ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED broadcast.

Accesibilidad

En Android 15, se agregan funciones que mejoran la accesibilidad para los usuarios.

Mejor braille

En Android 15, permitimos que TalkBack admita pantallas braille que usen el estándar HID a través de USB y Bluetooth seguro.

Este estándar, al igual que el que se usa en mouse y teclados, ayudará a Android a admitir una mayor variedad de pantallas braille con el tiempo.

Pantallas y factores de forma grandes

Android 15 brinda a tus apps la compatibilidad para aprovechar al máximo los factores de forma de Android, incluidas las pantallas grandes, los dispositivos plegables y los dispositivos plegables.

Compatibilidad con la pantalla de portada

Tu app puede declarar una propiedad que Android 15 usa para permitir que tu Application o Activity se presente en las pequeñas pantallas de portada de los dispositivos que admiten la pantalla abatible. Estas pantallas son demasiado pequeñas para considerarlas como objetivos compatibles de modo que las apps para Android se ejecuten en ellas, pero tu app puede aceptar admitirlas, lo que hará que esté disponible en más lugares.

Rendimiento y batería

Android continúa su enfoque en ayudarte a mejorar el rendimiento y la calidad de tus apps. Android 15 introduce APIs nuevas que ayudan a que las tareas de tu app sean más eficientes de ejecutar, optimizar el rendimiento de las apps y recopilar estadísticas sobre tus apps.

API de ApplicationStartInfo

In previous versions of Android, app startup has been a bit of a mystery. It was challenging to determine within your app whether it started from a cold, warm, or hot state. It was also difficult to know how long your app spent during the various launch phases: forking the process, calling onCreate, drawing the first frame, and more. When your Application class was instantiated, you had no way of knowing whether the app started from a broadcast, a content provider, a job, a backup, boot complete, an alarm, or an Activity.

The ApplicationStartInfo API on Android 15 provides all of this and more. You can even choose to add your own timestamps into the flow to help collect timing data in one place. In addition to collecting metrics, you can use ApplicationStartInfo to help directly optimize app startup; for example, you can eliminate the costly instantiation of UI-related libraries within your Application class when your app is starting up due to a broadcast.

Información detallada sobre el tamaño de la app

Since Android 8.0 (API level 26), Android has included the StorageStats.getAppBytes API that summarizes the installed size of an app as a single number of bytes, which is a sum of the APK size, the size of files extracted from the APK, and files that were generated on the device such as ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled code. This number is not very insightful in terms of how your app is using storage.

Android 15 adds the StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API, which lets you get insight into how your app is using up all that space, including APK file splits, AOT and speedup related code, dex metadata, libraries, and guided profiles.

Generación de perfiles administrada por la app

Android 15 includes the all-new ProfilingManager class, which lets you collect profiling information from within your app. We're planning to wrap this with an Android Jetpack API that will simplify construction of profiling requests, but the core API will allow the collection of heap dumps, heap profiles, stack sampling, and more. It provides a callback to your app with a supplied tag to identify the output file, which is delivered to your app's files directory. The API does rate limiting to minimize the performance impact.

Mejoras en la base de datos SQLite

Android 15 introduce nuevas APIs de SQLite que exponen funciones avanzadas del motor SQLite subyacente que tienen como objetivo problemas de rendimiento específicos que pueden manifestarse en las apps.

Los desarrolladores deben consultar las prácticas recomendadas sobre el rendimiento de SQLite para aprovechar al máximo su base de datos SQLite, en especial cuando trabajan con bases de datos grandes o cuando se ejecutan consultas sensibles a la latencia.

• Transacciones diferidas de solo lectura: Cuando emitas transacciones de solo lectura (no incluyen instrucciones de escritura), usa beginTransactionReadOnly() y beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) para emitir transacciones DEFERRED de solo lectura. Estas transacciones pueden ejecutarse de forma simultánea y, si la base de datos está en modo WAL, pueden ejecutarse en simultáneo con las transacciones de IMMEDIATE o EXCLUSIVE.
• ID y recuentos de filas: Se agregaron nuevas APIs para recuperar el recuento de las filas modificadas o el ID de la última fila insertada sin emitir una consulta adicional. getLastChangedRowCount() muestra la cantidad de filas que insertó, actualizó o borró la instrucción de SQL más reciente dentro de la transacción actual, mientras que getTotalChangedRowCount() muestra el recuento de la conexión actual. getLastInsertRowId() muestra el rowid de la última fila que se insertará en la conexión actual.
• Declaraciones sin procesar: Emite una declaración de SQlite sin procesar, evitando las wrappers de conveniencia y cualquier sobrecarga de procesamiento adicional que puedan generar.

Actualizaciones del framework de rendimiento dinámico de Android

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 will add new ADPF capabilities:

• A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
• GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
• Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

Privacidad

Android 15 incluye una variedad de funciones que ayudan a los desarrolladores de apps a proteger la privacidad del usuario.

Detección de grabación de pantalla

Android 15 adds support for apps to detect that they are being recorded. A callback is invoked whenever the app transitions between being visible or invisible within a screen recording. An app is considered visible if activities owned by the registering process's UID are being recorded. This way, if your app is performing a sensitive operation, you can inform the user that they're being recorded.

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

Capacidades expandidas de IntentFilter

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the new <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the new android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:domain="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

Privacy Sandbox en Android

Android 15 brings Android Ad Services up to extension level 10, incorporating the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android, part of our work to develop new technologies that improve user privacy and enable effective, personalized advertising experiences for mobile apps. Our privacy sandbox page has more information about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer preview and beta programs to help you get started.

Health Connect

Android 15 integra las extensiones 10 de Android 14 en torno a Health Connect de Android, una plataforma segura y centralizada para administrar y compartir los datos de salud y fitness recopilados por la app. Esta actualización agrega compatibilidad con nuevos tipos de datos de actividad física, nutrición y mucho más.

Compartir pantalla parcialmente

Android 15 supports partial screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the partial screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is now required for each MediaProjection capture session.

Seguridad

Android 15 te ayuda a mejorar la seguridad de tu app y a proteger sus datos.

Administración de claves para la encriptación de extremo a extremo

Presentamos E2eeContactKeysManager en Android 15, que facilita la encriptación de extremo a extremo (E2EE) en tus apps para Android mediante una API a nivel del SO destinada al almacenamiento de claves públicas criptográficas.

El E2eeContactKeysManager está diseñado para integrarse con la app de contactos de la plataforma a fin de brindarles a los usuarios una forma centralizada de administrar y verificar las claves públicas de sus contactos.

Protege archivos con fs-verity

Android 15's FileIntegrityManager includes new APIs that tap into the power of the fs-verity feature in the Linux kernel. With fs-verity, files can be protected by custom cryptographic signatures, helping you ensure they haven't been tampered with or corrupted. This leads to enhanced security, protecting against potential malware or unauthorized file modifications that could compromise your app's functionality or data.

Experiencia del usuario

Android 15 les brinda a los desarrolladores de apps y a los usuarios más control y flexibilidad para configurar sus dispositivos de modo que se ajusten a sus necesidades.

Reglas para la función No interrumpir mejoradas

AutomaticZenRule lets apps customize Attention Management (Do Not Disturb) rules and decide when to activate or deactivate them. Android 15 greatly enhances these rules with the goal of improving the user experience. The following enhancements are included:

• Adding types to AutomaticZenRule, allowing the system to apply special treatment to some rules.
• Adding an icon to AutomaticZenRule, helping to make the modes be more recognizable.
• Adding a triggerDescription string to AutomaticZenRule that describes the conditions on which the rule should become active for the user.
• Added ZenDeviceEffects to AutomaticZenRule, allowing rules to trigger things like grayscale display, night mode, or dimming the wallpaper.

Internacionalización

Android 15 agrega funciones y capacidades que complementan la experiencia del usuario cuando un dispositivo se usa en diferentes idiomas.

Justificación entre caracteres

Starting with Android 15, text can be justified utilizing letter spacing by using JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER. Inter-word justification was first introduced in Android 8.0 (API level 26), and inter-character justification provides similar capabilities for languages that use the whitespace character for segmentation, such as Chinese, Japanese, and others.