With each release of Android, we introduce new features as well as behavior changes aimed at making the Android more helpful, more secure, and better performing. In many cases your app will work exactly as expected out of the box, while in other cases you might need to make changes to your app to adapt to the platform changes.
Since users can start receiving the new platform as soon as the source code is released to AOSP (Android Open Source Project), it's important for apps to be ready, performing as expected for users and ideally taking advantage of new features and APIs to get the most out of the new platform.
This document offers a high-level view of typical development and testing phases that can help you make a plan for readiness that's well-aligned with the platform release timeline and ensures a great experience for your users on Android 11.
A typical migration has two phases, which can be concurrent:
- Ensuring app compatibility (by Android 11 final release)
- Targeting the new platform features and APIs (as soon as possible after final release)
This page outlines the general steps for each of those phases. When you're ready to get started, read Get Android 11.
Ensure compatibility with Android 11
It's important to test the functionality of your existing app against Android 11 to ensure a great experience for users updating to the latest version of Android. Some platform changes can affect the way your app behaves, so it's important to test early and thoroughly, then make any needed adjustments to your app.
Typically you can adjust your app and publish an update without needing to
change the app's targetSdkVersion. Similarly, you shouldn't need to use new
APIs or change the app's compileSdkVersion, although this can depend on the
way your app is built and the platform functionality it's using. The following
sections outline the steps.
Before you get started, make sure to familiarize yourself with the behavior
changes that might affect your app, even if you don't change its
targetSdkVersion.
Perform compatibility testing
For the most part, testing compatibility with Android 11 is similar to the type of testing you otherwise perform when preparing to release your app. This is a good time to review the core app quality guidelines and best practices for testing.
Just install your current published app on a device running Android 11 and work through all the flows and functionality looking for issues. To help you focus your testing, review the behavior changes introduced in Android 11 that can affect your app's function or cause the app to crash. In particular, make sure to review the key privacy changes and test any fixes that you implement to accommodate the changes.
Also make sure to review and test for uses of restricted non-SDK interfaces
and move to public SDK or NDK equivalents instead. Watch for logcat warnings
that highlight these accesses and use the StrictMode method
detectNonSdkApiUsage() to catch them programmatically.
Last, make sure to fully test the libraries and SDKs in your app to make sure they work as expected on Android 11 and follow best practices for privacy, performance, UX, data handling, and permissions. If you find an issue, try updating to the latest version of the SDK, or reach out to the SDK developer for help.
When you've finished your testing and made any updates, we recommend publishing your compatible app right away. This lets your users test the app early, and helps you to deliver a smooth transition to users as they update to Android 11.
Update the app's targeting and build with new APIs
Once you've published the compatible version of your app as described
previously, the next step is to add full support for Android 11
by updating its targetSdkVersion and taking advantage of new aPIs and
capabilities Android 11. You can do these as soon as you are
ready, keeping in mind the Google Play requirement for targeting the new
platform.
As you plan your work to fully support Android 11, a good place to start is reviewing the behavior changes that apply to apps targeting Android 11. These targeted behavior changes may cause functional issues that you may need to address. In some cases, they can require significant development, so it's best to learn about them early. To help you assess the impacts, you can also use the compatibility toggles to test your current app with selected changes enabled.
The following steps describe how to fully support Android 11.
Get the SDK, change targeting, build with new APIs
To get started with full Android 11 support, first download the
Android 11 SDK (and any other tools needed) into Android Studio.
Next change the app's targetSdkVersion and compileSdkVersion to "30"and
re-compile the app. See the setup guide for details.
Test your Android 11 app
Once you've compiled the app and installed it on a device running Android 11, begin testing to ensure that the app works properly when targeting Android 11. Some behavior changes apply only when your app is targeting the new platform, so you'll want to review those changes before getting started.
As with basic compatibility testing, work through all the flows and functionality looking for issues. Focus your testing on the behavior changes for apps targeting Android 11. In particular, make sure to review the privacy changes and test any fixes that you implement to accommodate the changes. It's also a good time to check your app against the core app quality guidelines and best practices for testing.
Make sure to review and test for uses of restricted non-SDK interfaces
that may apply. Watch for logcat warnings that highlight these accesses and use
the StrictMode method detectNonSdkApiUsage() to catch them
programmatically.
Last, make sure to fully test the libraries and SDKs in your app to make sure they work as expected on Android 11 and follow best practices for privacy, performance, UX, data handling, and permissions. If you find an issue, try updating to the latest version of the SDK, or reach out to the SDK developer for help.
Test using app compatibility toggles
Android 11 introduces a new feature for developers that makes it easier to test your app with targeted behavior changes. For a debuggable app, the toggles let you:
- Test targeted changes without actually changing the app's targetSdkVersion. You can use the toggles to force-enable specific targeted behavior changes to evaluate the impact on your existing app.
- Focus your testing on specific changes only. Rather than having to address all targeted changes at once, the toggles let you disable all targeted changes except the ones you want to test against.
- Manage toggles through adb. You can use adb commands to enable and disable the toggleable changes in your automated test environment.
- Debug faster using standard change IDs. Toggleable changes each have a unique ID and name that you can use to quickly debug root cause in log output.
As you prepare for changing your app's targeting, or while you in active development for Android 11 support, the toggles can help. See the corresponding documentation for more details.