有很多方式可以將資料儲存在本機 SQLite 中,例如儲存線上資料庫 或文字檔請自行決定最適合您的 應用程式。本課程將說明如何建立 SQLite 虛擬資料表, 全文搜尋。這個資料表填入的文字檔包含字詞和 。
建立虛擬資料表
虛擬資料表的運作方式與 SQLite 資料表類似,但會在當中讀取和寫入 而非資料庫檔案如要建立虛擬資料表,請建立類別 資料表:
Kotlin
class DatabaseTable(context: Context) { private val databaseOpenHelper = DatabaseOpenHelper(context) }
Java
public class DatabaseTable { private final DatabaseOpenHelper databaseOpenHelper; public DatabaseTable(Context context) { databaseOpenHelper = new DatabaseOpenHelper(context); } }
在 DatabaseTable
中建立可擴充 SQLiteOpenHelper
的內部類別。SQLiteOpenHelper
類別
定義您必須覆寫的抽象方法,這樣才能建立資料庫資料表
並視情況升級舉例來說,以下程式碼宣告了資料庫資料表,
包含字典應用程式的字詞:
Kotlin
private const val TAG = "DictionaryDatabase" // The columns we'll include in the dictionary table const val COL_WORD = "WORD" const val COL_DEFINITION = "DEFINITION" private const val DATABASE_NAME = "DICTIONARY" private const val FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE = "FTS" private const val DATABASE_VERSION = 1 private const val FTS_TABLE_CREATE = "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE $FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE USING fts3 ($COL_WORD, $COL_DEFINITION)" class DatabaseTable(context: Context) { private val databaseOpenHelper: DatabaseOpenHelper init { databaseOpenHelper = DatabaseOpenHelper(context) } private class DatabaseOpenHelper internal constructor(private val helperContext: Context) : SQLiteOpenHelper(helperContext, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION) { private lateinit var mDatabase: SQLiteDatabase override fun onCreate(db: SQLiteDatabase) { mDatabase = db mDatabase.execSQL(FTS_TABLE_CREATE) } override fun onUpgrade(db: SQLiteDatabase, oldVersion: Int, newVersion: Int) { Log.w( TAG, "Upgrading database from version $oldVersion to $newVersion , which will " + "destroy all old data" ) db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE") onCreate(db) } } }
Java
public class DatabaseTable { private static final String TAG = "DictionaryDatabase"; // The columns we'll include in the dictionary table public static final String COL_WORD = "WORD"; public static final String COL_DEFINITION = "DEFINITION"; private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "DICTIONARY"; private static final String FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE = "FTS"; private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1; private final DatabaseOpenHelper databaseOpenHelper; public DatabaseTable(Context context) { databaseOpenHelper = new DatabaseOpenHelper(context); } private static class DatabaseOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private final Context helperContext; private SQLiteDatabase mDatabase; private static final String FTS_TABLE_CREATE = "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE " + FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE + " USING fts3 (" + COL_WORD + ", " + COL_DEFINITION + ")"; DatabaseOpenHelper(Context context) { super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); helperContext = context; } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { mDatabase = db; mDatabase.execSQL(FTS_TABLE_CREATE); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion + " to " + newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data"); db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE); onCreate(db); } } }
填入虛擬資料表
現在資料表需要儲存資料。以下程式碼顯示如何讀取文字檔
(位於 res/raw/definitions.txt
) 包含字詞及其定義:
剖析該檔案,以及如何在虛擬資料表中,將該檔案的每一行插入為資料列。這個
這些工作都在另一個執行緒中完成,以免 UI 遭到鎖定。將下列程式碼加入
DatabaseOpenHelper
內部類別。
提示:建議您一併設定回呼,以通知 UI 這個執行緒的完成活動。
Kotlin
private fun loadDictionary() { Thread(Runnable { try { loadWords() } catch (e: IOException) { throw RuntimeException(e) } }).start() } @Throws(IOException::class) private fun loadWords() { val inputStream = helperContext.resources.openRawResource(R.raw.definitions) BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(inputStream)).use { reader -> var line: String? = reader.readLine() while (line != null) { val strings: List<String> = line.split("-").map { it.trim() } if (strings.size < 2) continue val id = addWord(strings[0], strings[1]) if (id < 0) { Log.e(TAG, "unable to add word: ${strings[0]}") } line = reader.readLine() } } } fun addWord(word: String, definition: String): Long { val initialValues = ContentValues().apply { put(COL_WORD, word) put(COL_DEFINITION, definition) } return database.insert(FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE, null, initialValues) }
Java
private void loadDictionary() { new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { loadWords(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }).start(); } private void loadWords() throws IOException { final Resources resources = helperContext.getResources(); InputStream inputStream = resources.openRawResource(R.raw.definitions); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); try { String line; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { String[] strings = TextUtils.split(line, "-"); if (strings.length < 2) continue; long id = addWord(strings[0].trim(), strings[1].trim()); if (id < 0) { Log.e(TAG, "unable to add word: " + strings[0].trim()); } } } finally { reader.close(); } } public long addWord(String word, String definition) { ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues(); initialValues.put(COL_WORD, word); initialValues.put(COL_DEFINITION, definition); return database.insert(FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE, null, initialValues); }
視情況呼叫 loadDictionary()
方法來填入資料表。A 罩杯
理想的地點位於onCreate()
建立資料表之後,接著執行 DatabaseOpenHelper
類別的方法:
Kotlin
override fun onCreate(db: SQLiteDatabase) { database = db database.execSQL(FTS_TABLE_CREATE) loadDictionary() }
Java
@Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { database = db; database.execSQL(FTS_TABLE_CREATE); loadDictionary(); }
搜尋查詢
建立並填入虛擬資料表後,請使用 SearchView
提供的查詢搜尋資料。將下列方法新增至
DatabaseTable
類別:建構用於搜尋查詢的 SQL 陳述式:
Kotlin
fun getWordMatches(query: String, columns: Array<String>?): Cursor? { val selection = "$COL_WORD MATCH ?" val selectionArgs = arrayOf("$query*") return query(selection, selectionArgs, columns) } private fun query( selection: String, selectionArgs: Array<String>, columns: Array<String>? ): Cursor? { val cursor: Cursor? = SQLiteQueryBuilder().run { tables = FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE query(databaseOpenHelper.readableDatabase, columns, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, null) } return cursor?.run { if (!moveToFirst()) { close() null } else { this } } ?: null }
Java
public Cursor getWordMatches(String query, String[] columns) { String selection = COL_WORD + " MATCH ?"; String[] selectionArgs = new String[] {query+"*"}; return query(selection, selectionArgs, columns); } private Cursor query(String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String[] columns) { SQLiteQueryBuilder builder = new SQLiteQueryBuilder(); builder.setTables(FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE); Cursor cursor = builder.query(databaseOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(), columns, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, null); if (cursor == null) { return null; } else if (!cursor.moveToFirst()) { cursor.close(); return null; } return cursor; }
呼叫 getWordMatches()
來搜尋查詢。會傳回任何相符的結果
可在 Cursor
中疊代或建構 ListView
。
這個範例會呼叫可搜尋項目的 handleIntent()
方法中的 getWordMatches()
活動。請注意,可供搜尋的活動收到 ACTION_SEARCH
意圖內的查詢做為額外項目,因為您擁有的意圖篩選器
先前建立的項目
Kotlin
private val db = DatabaseTable(this) ... private fun handleIntent(intent: Intent) { if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH == intent.action) { val query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY) val c = db.getWordMatches(query, null) // process Cursor and display results } }
Java
DatabaseTable db = new DatabaseTable(this); ... private void handleIntent(Intent intent) { if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) { String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY); Cursor c = db.getWordMatches(query, null); // process Cursor and display results } }