使用 WorkManager 在后台处理工作 - Kotlin

$ git clone -b start_kotlin https://github.com/googlecodelabs/android-workmanager

dependencies {
    // WorkManager dependency
    implementation "androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:$versions.work"
}

versions.work = "2.7.1"

class BlurWorker(ctx: Context, params: WorkerParameters) : Worker(ctx, params) {
}

val picture = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
        appContext.resources,
        R.drawable.android_cupcake)

package com.example.background.workers

import android.content.Context
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory
import android.util.Log
import androidx.work.Worker
import androidx.work.WorkerParameters
import com.example.background.R

private const val TAG = "BlurWorker"
class BlurWorker(ctx: Context, params: WorkerParameters) : Worker(ctx, params) {

    override fun doWork(): Result {
        val appContext = applicationContext

        makeStatusNotification("Blurring image", appContext)

        return try {
            val picture = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
                    appContext.resources,
                    R.drawable.android_cupcake)

            val output = blurBitmap(picture, appContext)

            // Write bitmap to a temp file
            val outputUri = writeBitmapToFile(appContext, output)

            makeStatusNotification("Output is $outputUri", appContext)

            Result.success()
        } catch (throwable: Throwable) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Error applying blur")
            Result.failure()
        }
    }
}

private val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(application)

internal fun applyBlur(blurLevel: Int) {
   workManager.enqueue(OneTimeWorkRequest.from(BlurWorker::class.java))
}

/**
 * Creates the input data bundle which includes the Uri to operate on
 * @return Data which contains the Image Uri as a String
 */
private fun createInputDataForUri(): Data {
    val builder = Data.Builder()
    imageUri?.let {
        builder.putString(KEY_IMAGE_URI, imageUri.toString())
    }
    return builder.build()
}

internal fun applyBlur(blurLevel: Int) {
    val blurRequest = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilder<BlurWorker>()
            .setInputData(createInputDataForUri())
            .build()

    workManager.enqueue(blurRequest)
}

override fun doWork(): Result {
    val appContext = applicationContext

    // ADD THIS LINE
    val resourceUri = inputData.getString(KEY_IMAGE_URI)
    // ... rest of doWork()
}

  `openInputStream(Uri.parse(resourceUri)))`

override fun doWork(): Result {
    val appContext = applicationContext

    val resourceUri = inputData.getString(KEY_IMAGE_URI)

    makeStatusNotification("Blurring image", appContext)

    return try {
        // REMOVE THIS
        //    val picture = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
        //            appContext.resources,
        //            R.drawable.android_cupcake)

        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(resourceUri)) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid input uri")
            throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid input uri")
        }

        val resolver = appContext.contentResolver

        val picture = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(
                resolver.openInputStream(Uri.parse(resourceUri)))

        val output = blurBitmap(picture, appContext)

        // Write bitmap to a temp file
        val outputUri = writeBitmapToFile(appContext, output)

        Result.success()
    } catch (throwable: Throwable) {
        Log.e(TAG, "Error applying blur")
        throwable.printStackTrace()
        Result.failure()
    }
}

val outputData = workDataOf(KEY_IMAGE_URI to outputUri.toString())

Result.success(outputData)

class CleanupWorker(ctx: Context, params: WorkerParameters) : Worker(ctx, params) {
}

package com.example.background.workers

import android.content.Context
import android.util.Log
import androidx.work.Worker
import androidx.work.WorkerParameters
import com.example.background.OUTPUT_PATH
import java.io.File

/**
 * Cleans up temporary files generated during blurring process
 */
private const val TAG = "CleanupWorker"
class CleanupWorker(ctx: Context, params: WorkerParameters) : Worker(ctx, params) {

    override fun doWork(): Result {
        // Makes a notification when the work starts and slows down the work so that
        // it's easier to see each WorkRequest start, even on emulated devices
        makeStatusNotification("Cleaning up old temporary files", applicationContext)
        sleep()

        return try {
            val outputDirectory = File(applicationContext.filesDir, OUTPUT_PATH)
            if (outputDirectory.exists()) {
                val entries = outputDirectory.listFiles()
                if (entries != null) {
                    for (entry in entries) {
                        val name = entry.name
                        if (name.isNotEmpty() && name.endsWith(".png")) {
                            val deleted = entry.delete()
                            Log.i(TAG, "Deleted $name - $deleted")
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Result.success()
        } catch (exception: Exception) {
            exception.printStackTrace()
            Result.failure()
        }
    }
}

package com.example.background.workers

import android.content.Context
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory
import android.net.Uri
import android.provider.MediaStore
import android.util.Log
import androidx.work.workDataOf
import androidx.work.Worker
import androidx.work.WorkerParameters
import com.example.background.KEY_IMAGE_URI
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
import java.util.Date
import java.util.Locale

/**
 * Saves the image to a permanent file
 */
private const val TAG = "SaveImageToFileWorker"
class SaveImageToFileWorker(ctx: Context, params: WorkerParameters) : Worker(ctx, params) {

    private val title = "Blurred Image"
    private val dateFormatter = SimpleDateFormat(
            "yyyy.MM.dd 'at' HH:mm:ss z",
            Locale.getDefault()
    )

    override fun doWork(): Result {
        // Makes a notification when the work starts and slows down the work so that
        // it's easier to see each WorkRequest start, even on emulated devices
        makeStatusNotification("Saving image", applicationContext)
        sleep()

        val resolver = applicationContext.contentResolver
        return try {
            val resourceUri = inputData.getString(KEY_IMAGE_URI)
            val bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(
                    resolver.openInputStream(Uri.parse(resourceUri)))
            val imageUrl = MediaStore.Images.Media.insertImage(
                    resolver, bitmap, title, dateFormatter.format(Date()))
            if (!imageUrl.isNullOrEmpty()) {
                val output = workDataOf(KEY_IMAGE_URI to imageUrl)

                Result.success(output)
            } else {
                Log.e(TAG, "Writing to MediaStore failed")
                Result.failure()
            }
        } catch (exception: Exception) {
            exception.printStackTrace()
            Result.failure()
        }
    }
}

class BlurWorker(ctx: Context, params: WorkerParameters) : Worker(ctx, params) {

override fun doWork(): Result {
    val appContext = applicationContext

    val resourceUri = inputData.getString(KEY_IMAGE_URI)

    makeStatusNotification("Blurring image", appContext)

    // ADD THIS TO SLOW DOWN THE WORKER
    sleep()
    // ^^^^

    return try {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(resourceUri)) {
            Timber.e("Invalid input uri")
            throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid input uri")
        }

        val resolver = appContext.contentResolver

        val picture = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(
                resolver.openInputStream(Uri.parse(resourceUri)))

        val output = blurBitmap(picture, appContext)

        // Write bitmap to a temp file
        val outputUri = writeBitmapToFile(appContext, output)

        val outputData = workDataOf(KEY_IMAGE_URI to outputUri.toString())

        Result.success(outputData)
    } catch (throwable: Throwable) {
        throwable.printStackTrace()
        Result.failure()
    }
}

val blurRequest = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilder<BlurWorker>()
        .setInputData(createInputDataForUri())
        .build()

workManager.enqueue(blurRequest)

// Example code, don't copy to the project
val continuation = workManager.beginWith(workA)

continuation.then(workB) // FYI, then() returns a new WorkContinuation instance
        .then(workC)
        .enqueue() // Enqueues the WorkContinuation which is a chain of work

internal fun applyBlur(blurLevel: Int) {
    // Add WorkRequest to Cleanup temporary images
    var continuation = workManager
            .beginWith(OneTimeWorkRequest
            .from(CleanupWorker::class.java))

    // Add WorkRequest to blur the image
    val blurRequest = OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(BlurWorker::class.java)
            .setInputData(createInputDataForUri())
            .build()

    continuation = continuation.then(blurRequest)

    // Add WorkRequest to save the image to the filesystem
    val save = OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(SaveImageToFileWorker::class.java).build()

    continuation = continuation.then(save)

    // Actually start the work
    continuation.enqueue()
}

internal fun applyBlur(blurLevel: Int) {
    // Add WorkRequest to Cleanup temporary images
    var continuation = workManager
            .beginWith(OneTimeWorkRequest
            .from(CleanupWorker::class.java))

    // Add WorkRequests to blur the image the number of times requested
    for (i in 0 until blurLevel) {
        val blurBuilder = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilder<BlurWorker>()

        // Input the Uri if this is the first blur operation
        // After the first blur operation the input will be the output of previous
        // blur operations.
        if (i == 0) {
            blurBuilder.setInputData(createInputDataForUri())
        }

        continuation = continuation.then(blurBuilder.build())
    }

    // Add WorkRequest to save the image to the filesystem
    val save = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilder<SaveImageToFileWorker>()
            .build()

    continuation = continuation.then(save)

    // Actually start the work
    continuation.enqueue()
}

// REPLACE THIS CODE:
// var continuation = workManager
//            .beginWith(OneTimeWorkRequest
//            .from(CleanupWorker::class.java))
// WITH
var continuation = workManager
        .beginUniqueWork(
                IMAGE_MANIPULATION_WORK_NAME,
                ExistingWorkPolicy.REPLACE,
                OneTimeWorkRequest.from(CleanupWorker::class.java)
        )

val save = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilder<SaveImageToFileWorker>()
        .addTag(TAG_OUTPUT) // <-- ADD THIS
        .build()

// New instance variable for the WorkInfo
internal val outputWorkInfos: LiveData<List<WorkInfo>>

// Modify the existing init block in the BlurViewModel class to this:
init {
    imageUri = getImageUri(application.applicationContext)
    // This transformation makes sure that whenever the current work Id changes the WorkInfo
    // the UI is listening to changes
    outputWorkInfos = workManager.getWorkInfosByTagLiveData(TAG_OUTPUT)
}

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    ...
    // Observe work status, added in onCreate()
    viewModel.outputWorkInfos.observe(this, workInfosObserver())
}

// Define the observer function
private fun workInfosObserver(): Observer<List<WorkInfo>> {
    return Observer { listOfWorkInfo ->

        // Note that these next few lines grab a single WorkInfo if it exists
        // This code could be in a Transformation in the ViewModel; they are included here
        // so that the entire process of displaying a WorkInfo is in one location.

        // If there are no matching work info, do nothing
        if (listOfWorkInfo.isNullOrEmpty()) {
            return@Observer
        }

        // We only care about the one output status.
        // Every continuation has only one worker tagged TAG_OUTPUT
        val workInfo = listOfWorkInfo[0]

        if (workInfo.state.isFinished) {
            showWorkFinished()
        } else {
            showWorkInProgress()
        }
    }
}

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
   // Setup view output image file button
   binding.seeFileButton.setOnClickListener {
       viewModel.outputUri?.let { currentUri ->
           val actionView = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, currentUri)
           actionView.resolveActivity(packageManager)?.run {
               startActivity(actionView)
           }
       }
   }
}

private fun workInfosObserver(): Observer<List<WorkInfo>> {
    return Observer { listOfWorkInfo ->

        // Note that these next few lines grab a single WorkInfo if it exists
        // This code could be in a Transformation in the ViewModel; they are included here
        // so that the entire process of displaying a WorkInfo is in one location.

        // If there are no matching work info, do nothing
        if (listOfWorkInfo.isNullOrEmpty()) {
            return@Observer
        }

        // We only care about the one output status.
        // Every continuation has only one worker tagged TAG_OUTPUT
        val workInfo = listOfWorkInfo[0]

        if (workInfo.state.isFinished) {
            showWorkFinished()

            // Normally this processing, which is not directly related to drawing views on
            // screen would be in the ViewModel. For simplicity we are keeping it here.
            val outputImageUri = workInfo.outputData.getString(KEY_IMAGE_URI)

            // If there is an output file show "See File" button
            if (!outputImageUri.isNullOrEmpty()) {
                viewModel.setOutputUri(outputImageUri)
                binding.seeFileButton.visibility = View.VISIBLE
            }
        } else {
            showWorkInProgress()
        }
    }
}

internal fun cancelWork() {
    workManager.cancelUniqueWork(IMAGE_MANIPULATION_WORK_NAME)
}

// In onCreate()
// Hookup the Cancel button
binding.cancelButton.setOnClickListener { viewModel.cancelWork() }

// Put this inside the applyBlur() function, above the save work request.
// Create charging constraint
val constraints = Constraints.Builder()
        .setRequiresCharging(true)
        .build()

// Add WorkRequest to save the image to the filesystem
val save = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilder<SaveImageToFileWorker>()
        .setConstraints(constraints)
        .addTag(TAG_OUTPUT)
        .build()
continuation = continuation.then(save)

// Actually start the work
continuation.enqueue()

$ git clone https://github.com/googlecodelabs/android-workmanager