使用 ViewPager2 在 Fragment 之间滑动

试用 Compose 方式
Jetpack Compose 是推荐用于 Android 的界面工具包。了解如何在 Compose 中使用 Pager。

屏幕滑动是指从一个整个屏幕到另一个屏幕的过渡,在设置向导和幻灯片等界面中很常见。本主题介绍了如何使用 ViewPager2 对象进行屏幕滑动。ViewPager2 对象可自动为屏幕滑动添加动画效果。下面的示例展示了从一个内容屏幕切换到下一个内容屏幕的屏幕滑动:

图 1. 屏幕滑动动画。
 

如果您想继续查看完整的可运行示例,请在 GitHub 上查看此示例应用

如需使用 ViewPager2,您需要向项目中添加一些 AndroidX 依赖项。然后,按照以下几个部分所述的步骤操作。

创建视图

创建稍后将用于 fragment 内容的布局文件。您还需要为 fragment 的内容定义字符串。以下示例包含一个显示一些文本的文本视图:

<!-- fragment_screen_slide_page.xml -->
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/content"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <TextView style="?android:textAppearanceMedium"
        android:padding="16dp"
        android:lineSpacingMultiplier="1.2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/lorem_ipsum" />
</ScrollView>

创建 Fragment

创建一个 Fragment 类,该类可返回您在 onCreateView() 方法中创建的布局。然后,每当您需要向用户显示新页面时,都可以在父 activity 中创建此 fragment 的实例:

Kotlin

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment

class ScreenSlidePageFragment : Fragment() {

    override fun onCreateView(
            inflater: LayoutInflater,
            container: ViewGroup?,
            savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_screen_slide_page, container, false)
}

Java

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
...
public class ScreenSlidePageFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return (ViewGroup) inflater.inflate(
                R.layout.fragment_screen_slide_page, container, false);
    }
}

添加 ViewPager2

ViewPager2 对象具有内置的滑动手势来切换页面,并且默认情况下它们会显示屏幕滑动动画,因此您无需创建自己的动画。ViewPager2 使用 FragmentStateAdapter 对象来提供要显示的新页面,因此 FragmentStateAdapter 会使用您创建的 fragment 类。

首先,创建一个包含 ViewPager2 对象的布局:

<!-- activity_screen_slide.xml -->
<androidx.viewpager2.widget.ViewPager2
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/pager"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

创建一个执行以下操作的 activity:

  • 将内容视图设置为包含 ViewPager2 的布局。
  • 创建一个扩展 FragmentStateAdapter 抽象类的类,并实现 createFragment() 方法以将 ScreenSlidePageFragment 实例作为新页面提供。您必须为分页器适配器实现 getItemCount() 方法,该方法会返回适配器创建的页数。示例中有五个。
  • FragmentStateAdapterViewPager2 对象挂钩。

Kotlin

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity
...
/**
 * The number of pages (wizard steps) to show in this demo.
 */
private const val NUM_PAGES = 5

class ScreenSlidePagerActivity : FragmentActivity() {

    /**
     * The pager widget, which handles animation and allows swiping horizontally
     * to access previous and next wizard steps.
     */
    private lateinit var viewPager: ViewPager2

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_screen_slide)

        // Instantiate a ViewPager2 and a PagerAdapter.
        viewPager = findViewById(R.id.pager)

        // The pager adapter, which provides the pages to the view pager widget.
        val pagerAdapter = ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(this)
        viewPager.adapter = pagerAdapter
    }

    override fun onBackPressed() {
        if (viewPager.currentItem == 0) {
            // If the user is currently looking at the first step, allow the system to handle
            // the Back button. This calls finish() on this activity and pops the back stack.
            super.onBackPressed()
        } else {
            // Otherwise, select the previous step.
            viewPager.currentItem = viewPager.currentItem - 1
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple pager adapter that represents 5 ScreenSlidePageFragment objects, in
     * sequence.
     */
    private inner class ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(fa: FragmentActivity) : FragmentStateAdapter(fa) {
        override fun getItemCount(): Int = NUM_PAGES

        override fun createFragment(position: Int): Fragment = ScreenSlidePageFragment()
    }
}

Java

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity;
...
public class ScreenSlidePagerActivity extends FragmentActivity {
    /**
     * The number of pages (wizard steps) to show in this demo.
     */
    private static final int NUM_PAGES = 5;

    /**
     * The pager widget, which handles animation and allows swiping horizontally to access previous
     * and next wizard steps.
     */
    private ViewPager2 viewPager;

    /**
     * The pager adapter, which provides the pages to the view pager widget.
     */
    private FragmentStateAdapter pagerAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_screen_slide);

        // Instantiate a ViewPager2 and a PagerAdapter.
        viewPager = findViewById(R.id.pager);
        pagerAdapter = new ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(this);
        viewPager.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        if (viewPager.getCurrentItem() == 0) {
            // If the user is currently looking at the first step, allow the system to handle the
            // Back button. This calls finish() on this activity and pops the back stack.
            super.onBackPressed();
        } else {
            // Otherwise, select the previous step.
            viewPager.setCurrentItem(viewPager.getCurrentItem() - 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple pager adapter that represents 5 ScreenSlidePageFragment objects, in
     * sequence.
     */
    private class ScreenSlidePagerAdapter extends FragmentStateAdapter {
        public ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(FragmentActivity fa) {
            super(fa);
        }

        @Override
        public Fragment createFragment(int position) {
            return new ScreenSlidePageFragment();
        }

        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return NUM_PAGES;
        }
    }
}

使用 PageTransformer 自定义动画

如需显示与默认屏幕滑动动画不同的动画,请实现 ViewPager2.PageTransformer 接口并将其提供给 ViewPager2 对象。该接口公开了单个方法,即 transformPage()。在屏幕转换的每个时间点,系统会针对每个可见页面(通常只有一个可见页面)以及屏幕外的相邻页面调用此方法。例如,如果第 3 页可见且用户向第 4 页拖动,则系统会在手势的每个步骤针对第 2 页、第 3 页和第 4 页调用 transformPage()

然后,在 transformPage() 的实现中,您可以根据页面在屏幕上的位置确定需要转换的页面,从而创建自定义滑动动画。通过 transformPage() 方法的 position 参数获取页面位置。

position 参数指示给定页面相对于屏幕中心的位置。此参数是一个动态属性,会随着用户滚动浏览一系列页面而发生变化。当页面填满整个屏幕时,其位置值为 0。当页面从屏幕右侧绘制时,其位置值为 1。如果用户在第一页和第二页之间滚动一半,则第一页的位置为 -0.5,第二页的位置为 0.5。根据页面在屏幕上的位置,您可以使用 setAlpha()setTranslationX()setScaleY() 等方法设置页面属性来创建自定义滑动动画。

如果您有 PageTransformer 的实现,请使用您的实现调用 setPageTransformer() 以应用您的自定义动画。例如,如果您有一个名为 ZoomOutPageTransformerPageTransformer,则可以按如下所示设置自定义动画:

Kotlin

val viewPager: ViewPager2 = findViewById(R.id.pager)
...
viewPager.setPageTransformer(ZoomOutPageTransformer())

Java

ViewPager2 viewPager = findViewById(R.id.pager);
...
viewPager.setPageTransformer(new ZoomOutPageTransformer());

有关 PageTransformer 的示例,请参阅缩小页面转换器深度页面转换器部分。

缩小页面转换器

此页面转换器会在相邻页面之间滚动时缩小和淡出页面。随着页面越来越靠近中心,页面会恢复到正常大小并淡入。

图 2. ZoomOutPageTransformer 示例。
 

Kotlin

private const val MIN_SCALE = 0.85f
private const val MIN_ALPHA = 0.5f

class ZoomOutPageTransformer : ViewPager2.PageTransformer {

    override fun transformPage(view: View, position: Float) {
        view.apply {
            val pageWidth = width
            val pageHeight = height
            when {
                position < -1 -> { // [-Infinity,-1)
                    // This page is way off-screen to the left.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
                position <= 1 -> { // [-1,1]
                    // Modify the default slide transition to shrink the page as well.
                    val scaleFactor = Math.max(MIN_SCALE, 1 - Math.abs(position))
                    val vertMargin = pageHeight * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2
                    val horzMargin = pageWidth * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2
                    translationX = if (position < 0) {
                        horzMargin - vertMargin / 2
                    } else {
                        horzMargin + vertMargin / 2
                    }

                    // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1).
                    scaleX = scaleFactor
                    scaleY = scaleFactor

                    // Fade the page relative to its size.
                    alpha = (MIN_ALPHA +
                            (((scaleFactor - MIN_SCALE) / (1 - MIN_SCALE)) * (1 - MIN_ALPHA)))
                }
                else -> { // (1,+Infinity]
                    // This page is way off-screen to the right.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Java

public class ZoomOutPageTransformer implements ViewPager2.PageTransformer {
    private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.85f;
    private static final float MIN_ALPHA = 0.5f;

    public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
        int pageWidth = view.getWidth();
        int pageHeight = view.getHeight();

        if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
            // This page is way off-screen to the left.
            view.setAlpha(0f);

        } else if (position <= 1) { // [-1,1]
            // Modify the default slide transition to shrink the page as well.
            float scaleFactor = Math.max(MIN_SCALE, 1 - Math.abs(position));
            float vertMargin = pageHeight * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
            float horzMargin = pageWidth * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
            if (position < 0) {
                view.setTranslationX(horzMargin - vertMargin / 2);
            } else {
                view.setTranslationX(-horzMargin + vertMargin / 2);
            }

            // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1).
            view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
            view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

            // Fade the page relative to its size.
            view.setAlpha(MIN_ALPHA +
                    (scaleFactor - MIN_SCALE) /
                    (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - MIN_ALPHA));

        } else { // (1,+Infinity]
            // This page is way off-screen to the right.
            view.setAlpha(0f);
        }
    }
}

深度页面转换器

此页面转换器使用默认滑动动画向左滑动页面,而使用“深度”动画向右滑动页面。此深度动画会使页面淡出,并将其线性缩小。

图 3. DepthPageTransformer 示例。
 

在深度动画期间,默认动画(屏幕滑动)仍会发生,因此您必须使用负 X 平移抵消屏幕滑动。例如:

Kotlin

view.translationX = -1 * view.width * position

Java

view.setTranslationX(-1 * view.getWidth() * position);

以下示例展示了如何抵消正常运行的页面转换器中的默认屏幕滑动动画:

Kotlin

private const val MIN_SCALE = 0.75f

@RequiresApi(21)
class DepthPageTransformer : ViewPager2.PageTransformer {

    override fun transformPage(view: View, position: Float) {
        view.apply {
            val pageWidth = width
            when {
                position < -1 -> { // [-Infinity,-1)
                    // This page is way off-screen to the left.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
                position <= 0 -> { // [-1,0]
                    // Use the default slide transition when moving to the left page.
                    alpha = 1f
                    translationX = 0f
                    translationZ = 0f
                    scaleX = 1f
                    scaleY = 1f
                }
                position <= 1 -> { // (0,1]
                    // Fade the page out.
                    alpha = 1 - position

                    // Counteract the default slide transition.
                    translationX = pageWidth * -position
                    // Move it behind the left page.
                    translationZ = -1f

                    // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1).
                    val scaleFactor = (MIN_SCALE + (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - Math.abs(position)))
                    scaleX = scaleFactor
                    scaleY = scaleFactor
                }
                else -> { // (1,+Infinity]
                    // This page is way off-screen to the right.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Java

@RequiresApi(21)
public class DepthPageTransformer implements ViewPager2.PageTransformer {
    private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.75f;

    public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
        int pageWidth = view.getWidth();

        if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
            // This page is way off-screen to the left.
            view.setAlpha(0f);

        } else if (position <= 0) { // [-1,0]
            // Use the default slide transition when moving to the left page.
            view.setAlpha(1f);
            view.setTranslationX(0f);
            view.setTranslationZ(0f);
            view.setScaleX(1f);
            view.setScaleY(1f);

        } else if (position <= 1) { // (0,1]
            // Fade the page out.
            view.setAlpha(1 - position);

            // Counteract the default slide transition.
            view.setTranslationX(pageWidth * -position);
            // Move it behind the left page
            view.setTranslationZ(-1f);

            // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1).
            float scaleFactor = MIN_SCALE
                    + (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - Math.abs(position));
            view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
            view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

        } else { // (1,+Infinity]
            // This page is way off-screen to the right.
            view.setAlpha(0f);
        }
    }
}

其他资源

如需详细了解 ViewPager2,请参阅下面列出的其他资源。

示例

视频