# androidx.test.espresso.util

# androidx.test.espresso.util

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Kotlin\|[Java](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/test/espresso/util/package-summary "View this page in Java")

## Classes

|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| [ActivityLifecycles](https://developer.android.com/reference/kotlin/androidx/test/espresso/util/ActivityLifecycles)                       | Helper methods to understand ActivityLifecycle of the app.                            |
| [EspressoOptional](https://developer.android.com/reference/kotlin/androidx/test/espresso/util/EspressoOptional)                           | **This class is deprecated.** use androidx.annotation.Nullable/NonNull instead <br /> |
| [HumanReadables](https://developer.android.com/reference/kotlin/androidx/test/espresso/util/HumanReadables)                               | Text converters for various Android objects.                                          |
| [TreeIterables](https://developer.android.com/reference/kotlin/androidx/test/espresso/util/TreeIterables)                                 | Utility methods for iterating over tree structured items.                             |
| [TreeIterables.ViewAndDistance](https://developer.android.com/reference/kotlin/androidx/test/espresso/util/TreeIterables.ViewAndDistance) | Represents the distance a given view is from the root view.                           |