# DriverManager Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) Summary:[Methods](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#pubmethods)\|[Inherited Methods](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#inhmethods) # DriverManager ` public class DriverManager ` ` extends `[Object](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object)` `` ` |---|------------------------| | [java.lang.Object](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object) || | ↳ | java.sql.DriverManager |
*** ** * ** ***
The basic service for managing a set of JDBC drivers. **NOTE:** The`DataSource`interface, new in the JDBC 2.0 API, provides another way to connect to a data source. The use of a`DataSource`object is the preferred means of connecting to a data source. As part of its initialization, the`DriverManager`class will attempt to load the driver classes referenced in the "jdbc.drivers" system property. This allows a user to customize the JDBC Drivers used by their applications. For example in your \~/.hotjava/properties file you might specify: jdbc.drivers=foo.bah.Driver:wombat.sql.Driver:bad.taste.ourDriver The`DriverManager`methods`getConnection`and`getDrivers`have been enhanced to support the Java Standard Edition[Service Provider](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/jar/jar.html#Service%20Provider)mechanism. JDBC 4.0 Drivers must include the file`META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver`. This file contains the name of the JDBC drivers implementation of`java.sql.Driver`. For example, to load the`my.sql.Driver`class, the`META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver`file would contain the entry: my.sql.Driver Applications no longer need to explictly load JDBC drivers using`Class.forName()`. Existing programs which currently load JDBC drivers using`Class.forName()`will continue to work without modification. When the method`getConnection`is called, the`DriverManager`will attempt to locate a suitable driver from amongst those loaded at initialization and those loaded explicitly using the same classloader as the current applet or application. Starting with the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, version 1.3, a logging stream can be set only if the proper permission has been granted. Normally this will be done with the tool PolicyTool, which can be used to grant`permission java.sql.SQLPermission "setLog"`. **See also:** - [Driver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Driver) - [Connection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Connection) ## Summary | ### Public methods || |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | ` static void` | ` `[deregisterDriver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#deregisterDriver(java.sql.Driver))`(`[Driver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Driver)` driver) ` Drops a driver from the`DriverManager`'s list. | | ` static `[Connection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Connection) | ` `[getConnection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getConnection(java.lang.String))`(`[String](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/String)` url) ` Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL. | | ` static `[Connection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Connection) | ` `[getConnection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getConnection(java.lang.String,%20java.lang.String,%20java.lang.String))`(`[String](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/String)` url, `[String](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/String)` user, `[String](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/String)` password) ` Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL. | | ` static `[Connection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Connection) | ` `[getConnection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getConnection(java.lang.String,%20java.util.Properties))`(`[String](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/String)` url, `[Properties](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/util/Properties)` info) ` Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL. | | ` static `[Driver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Driver) | ` `[getDriver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getDriver(java.lang.String))`(`[String](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/String)` url) ` Attempts to locate a driver that understands the given URL. | | ` static `[Enumeration](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/util/Enumeration)`<`[Driver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Driver)`>` | ` `[getDrivers](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getDrivers())`() ` Retrieves an Enumeration with all of the currently loaded JDBC drivers to which the current caller has access. | | ` static `[PrintStream](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/io/PrintStream) | ` `[getLogStream](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getLogStream())`() ` *This method was deprecated in API level 15. Use`getLogWriter`instead.* | | ` static `[PrintWriter](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/io/PrintWriter) | ` `[getLogWriter](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getLogWriter())`() ` Retrieves the log writer. | | ` static int` | ` `[getLoginTimeout](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getLoginTimeout())`() ` Gets the maximum time in seconds that a driver can wait when attempting to log in to a database. | | ` static void` | ` `[println](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#println(java.lang.String))`(`[String](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/String)` message) ` Prints a message to the current JDBC log stream. | | ` static void` | ` `[registerDriver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#registerDriver(java.sql.Driver))`(`[Driver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Driver)` driver) ` Registers the given driver with the`DriverManager`. | | ` static void` | ` `[setLogStream](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#setLogStream(java.io.PrintStream))`(`[PrintStream](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/io/PrintStream)` out) ` *This method was deprecated in API level 15. Use`setLogWriter`instead.* | | ` static void` | ` `[setLogWriter](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#setLogWriter(java.io.PrintWriter))`(`[PrintWriter](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/io/PrintWriter)` out) ` Sets the logging/tracing`PrintWriter`object that is used by the`DriverManager`and all drivers. | | ` static void` | ` `[setLoginTimeout](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#setLoginTimeout(int))`(int seconds) ` Sets the maximum time in seconds that a driver will wait while attempting to connect to a database. | | ### Inherited methods | |-----------------------|---| | From class` `[java.lang.Object](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object)` ` |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | ` `[Object](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object) | ` `[clone](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#clone())`() ` Creates and returns a copy of this object. | | ` boolean` | ` `[equals](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#equals(java.lang.Object))`(`[Object](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object)` obj) ` Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one. | | ` void` | ` `[finalize](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#finalize())`() ` Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object. | | ` final `[Class](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Class)`` | ` `[getClass](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#getClass())`() ` Returns the runtime class of this`Object`. | | ` int` | ` `[hashCode](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#hashCode())`() ` Returns a hash code value for the object. | | ` final void` | ` `[notify](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#notify())`() ` Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor. | | ` final void` | ` `[notifyAll](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#notifyAll())`() ` Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor. | | ` `[String](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/String) | ` `[toString](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#toString())`() ` Returns a string representation of the object. | | ` final void` | ` `[wait](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#wait(long,%20int))`(long timeoutMillis, int nanos) ` Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being*notified* or*interrupted*, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed. | | ` final void` | ` `[wait](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#wait(long))`(long timeoutMillis) ` Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being*notified* or*interrupted*, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed. | | ` final void` | ` `[wait](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/Object#wait())`() ` Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being*notified* or*interrupted*. | || ## Public methods ### deregisterDriver Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static void deregisterDriver (Driver driver) ``` Drops a driver from the`DriverManager`'s list. Applets can only deregister drivers from their own classloaders.
| Parameters || |----------|------------------------------------------| | `driver` | `Driver`: the JDBC Driver to drop
| | Throws || |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | [SQLException](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/SQLException) | if a database access error occurs | ### getConnection Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static Connection getConnection (String url) ``` Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL. The`DriverManager`attempts to select an appropriate driver from the set of registered JDBC drivers.
| Parameters || |-------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `url` | `String`: a database url of the form` jdbc:`*subprotocol* `:`*subname*
| | Returns || |---------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------| | [Connection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Connection) | a connection to the URL
| | Throws || |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | [SQLException](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/SQLException) | if a database access error occurs | ### getConnection Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static Connection getConnection (String url, String user, String password) ``` Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL. The`DriverManager`attempts to select an appropriate driver from the set of registered JDBC drivers.
| Parameters || |------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `url` | `String`: a database url of the form`jdbc:`*subprotocol* `:`*subname*
| | `user` | `String`: the database user on whose behalf the connection is being made
| | `password` | `String`: the user's password
| | Returns || |---------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------| | [Connection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Connection) | a connection to the URL
| | Throws || |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | [SQLException](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/SQLException) | if a database access error occurs | ### getConnection Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static Connection getConnection (String url, Properties info) ``` Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL. The`DriverManager`attempts to select an appropriate driver from the set of registered JDBC drivers.
| Parameters || |--------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `url` | `String`: a database url of the form` jdbc:`*subprotocol* `:`*subname*
| | `info` | `Properties`: a list of arbitrary string tag/value pairs as connection arguments; normally at least a "user" and "password" property should be included
| | Returns || |---------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------| | [Connection](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Connection) | a Connection to the URL
| | Throws || |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | [SQLException](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/SQLException) | if a database access error occurs | ### getDriver Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static Driver getDriver (String url) ``` Attempts to locate a driver that understands the given URL. The`DriverManager`attempts to select an appropriate driver from the set of registered JDBC drivers.
| Parameters || |-------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `url` | `String`: a database URL of the form`jdbc:`*subprotocol* `:`*subname*
| | Returns || |-------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | [Driver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Driver) | a`Driver`object representing a driver that can connect to the given URL
| | Throws || |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | [SQLException](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/SQLException) | if a database access error occurs | ### getDrivers Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static Enumeration getDrivers () ``` Retrieves an Enumeration with all of the currently loaded JDBC drivers to which the current caller has access. **Note:** The classname of a driver can be found using`d.getClass().getName()`
| Returns || |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------| | [Enumeration](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/util/Enumeration)`<`[Driver](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/Driver)`>` | the list of JDBC Drivers loaded by the caller's class loader
| ### getLogStream Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) Deprecated in[API level 15](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static PrintStream getLogStream () ```
**This method was deprecated in API level 15.** Use`getLogWriter`instead. Retrieves the logging/tracing PrintStream that is used by the`DriverManager`and all drivers.
| Returns || |----------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------| | [PrintStream](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/io/PrintStream) | the logging/tracing PrintStream; if disabled, is`null`
| **See also:** - [setLogStream(PrintStream)](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#setLogStream(java.io.PrintStream)) ### getLogWriter Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static PrintWriter getLogWriter () ``` Retrieves the log writer. The`getLogWriter`and`setLogWriter`methods should be used instead of the`get/setlogStream`methods, which are deprecated.
| Returns || |----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------| | [PrintWriter](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/io/PrintWriter) | a`java.io.PrintWriter`object
| **See also:** - [setLogWriter(PrintWriter)](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#setLogWriter(java.io.PrintWriter)) ### getLoginTimeout Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static int getLoginTimeout () ``` Gets the maximum time in seconds that a driver can wait when attempting to log in to a database.
| Returns || |-------|-----------------------------------------------| | `int` | the driver login time limit in seconds
| **See also:** - [setLoginTimeout(int)](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#setLoginTimeout(int)) ### println Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static void println (String message) ``` Prints a message to the current JDBC log stream.
| Parameters || |-----------|-------------------------------------------| | `message` | `String`: a log or tracing message
| ### registerDriver Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static void registerDriver (Driver driver) ``` Registers the given driver with the`DriverManager`. A newly-loaded driver class should call the method`registerDriver`to make itself known to the`DriverManager`.
| Parameters || |----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `driver` | `Driver`: the new JDBC Driver that is to be registered with the`DriverManager`
| | Throws || |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | [SQLException](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/SQLException) | if a database access error occurs | ### setLogStream Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) Deprecated in[API level 15](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static void setLogStream (PrintStream out) ```
**This method was deprecated in API level 15.** Use`setLogWriter`instead. Sets the logging/tracing PrintStream that is used by the`DriverManager`and all drivers. In the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, version 1.3 release, this method checks to see that there is an`SQLPermission`object before setting the logging stream. If a`SecurityManager`exists and its`checkPermission`method denies setting the log writer, this method throws a`java.lang.SecurityException`.
| Parameters || |-------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `out` | `PrintStream`: the new logging/tracing PrintStream; to disable, set to`null`
| | Throws || |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | [SecurityException](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/SecurityException) | if a security manager exists and its`checkPermission`method denies setting the log stream | **See also:** - [SecurityManager.checkPermission(Permission)](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/SecurityManager#checkPermission(java.security.Permission)) - [getLogStream()](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getLogStream()) ### setLogWriter Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static void setLogWriter (PrintWriter out) ``` Sets the logging/tracing`PrintWriter`object that is used by the`DriverManager`and all drivers. There is a minor versioning problem created by the introduction of the method`setLogWriter`. The method`setLogWriter`cannot create a`PrintStream`object that will be returned by`getLogStream`---the Java platform does not provide a backward conversion. As a result, a new application that uses`setLogWriter`and also uses a JDBC 1.0 driver that uses`getLogStream`will likely not see debugging information written by that driver. Starting with the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, version 1.3 release, this method checks to see that there is an`SQLPermission`object before setting the logging stream. If a`SecurityManager`exists and its`checkPermission`method denies setting the log writer, this method throws a`java.lang.SecurityException`.
| Parameters || |-------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `out` | `PrintWriter`: the new logging/tracing`PrintStream`object;`null`to disable logging and tracing
| | Throws || |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | [SecurityException](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/SecurityException) | if a security manager exists and its`checkPermission`method denies setting the log writer | **See also:** - [SecurityManager.checkPermission(Permission)](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/SecurityManager#checkPermission(java.security.Permission)) - [getLogWriter()](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getLogWriter()) ### setLoginTimeout Added in[API level 1](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element#ApiLevels) ``` public static void setLoginTimeout (int seconds) ``` Sets the maximum time in seconds that a driver will wait while attempting to connect to a database.
| Parameters || |-----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | `seconds` | `int`: the login time limit in seconds; zero means there is no limit
| **See also:** - [getLoginTimeout()](https://developer.android.com/reference/java/sql/DriverManager#getLoginTimeout())